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Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography in the assessment of the common carotid arteries of equines and mules and the relation with body mass, age and neck circumference
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Fogaça, Jéssica L.

; Castiglioni, Maria C.R.

; Vettorato, Michel C.

; Andrade, Danilo G.A.

; Puoli-Filho, José N.P.

; Fernandes, Marco A.R.

; Machado, Vânia M.V.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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Ene 2019, Volumen 39 Nº 1 Paginas 75 - 84

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Com o aumento da idade ocorrem alterações na anatomia e fisiologia cardiovascular, mesmo na ausência de doenças. Assim, os estudos da hemodinâmica dos vasos são considerados primordiais para detectar quaisquer alterações cardiovasculares. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as variáveis de ultrassonografia modo-B e Doppler espectral na avaliação das artérias carótidas comuns de 11 fêmeas equinas e 11 muares, e correlacionar com idade, massa corpórea e circunferências dos pescoços. Para tais procedimentos foram avaliados os diâmetros, espessura da camada íntima média (EIM), índice de resistividade (IR), índice de pulsatilidade (IP), velocidade sistólica (VS), velocidade diastólica (VD), velocidade máxima (VM), índice de vascularização de fluxo (IVF), massa corpórea, idade, circunferências e comprimentos dos pescoços. As variáveis ultrassonográficas foram avaliadas em três regiões diferentes denominados de crania médio e caudal. As fêmeas equinas apresentaram valores maiores referente ao massa corpórea, idade e comprimento dos pescoços, já em relação às circunferências dos pescoços dos animais, as dos muares foram superiores. A idade dos muares possuiu correlação positiva com a massa corpórea, diâmetro e com as circunferências dos pescoços, com as fêmeas equinas, possui correlação negativa entre idade e os diâmetros dos vasos. A massa corpórea dos muares teve correlação positiva com idade e diâmetros dos vasos, já às fêmeas equinas com diâmetros dos vasos e as circunferências dos pescoços. As variáveis IR e IP tiveram correlação positiva com a massa corpórea para os muares, e com idade para fêmeas equinas. O VD teve correlação negativa com a massa corpórea tanto para as fêmeas equinas quanto nos muares. Já as variáveis VM e IVF, a idade correlacionou negativamente para os muares, enquanto não foi significativo para as fêmeas equinas. Averiguou diferença entre fêmeas equinas e muares nas correlações realizadas, com a massa corpórea, idade, circunferências dos pescoços e entre as variáveis da ultrassonografia modo-B e Doppler.

ABSTRACT: As age increases, changes in cardiovascular anatomy and physiology occur, even in the absence of disease. Thus, studies of vessel hemodynamics are considered primordial to detect any cardiovascular changes. The objective of this study has been to describe the parameters of B-mode and spectral Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of the common carotid arteries of 11 equine and 11 mules, and correlate with age, body mass and neck circumferences. The diameters, intima - media thickness (IMT), resistivity index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), systolic velocity (SV), diastolic velocity (DV), maximum velocity (MV), vascular flow index (VFI), body mass, age, circumference and neck length. Ultrasonographic variables were evaluated in three different region called cranial, middle and caudal. Equine females presented higher values regarding the body mass, age and neck length, as compared to the neck circumferences of the animals, those of the mules were superior. The age of the mules had a positive correlation with the body mass, diameter and neck circumferences, it has a negative correlation between age and vessel diameters. The body mass of the mules had a positive correlation with age and vessel diameters, and with vessel diameters and neck circumferences in equine females. The RI and PI variables had a positive correlation with body mass for mules, and with age for equine females. The DV had a negative correlation with body mass for both equine and mule females. Regarding the variables MV and VFI, age correlated negatively for mules, while it was not significant for equine females. It found a difference between equine females and mules in the correlations performed, with body mass, age, neck circumferences and between B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography variables.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5774 588 descargas

Prevalence of mutations responsible for glycogen storage disease type-II and congenital myasthenic syndrome in Brazilian Brahman cattle
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Trecenti, Anelize S.

; Fernandes, André V.

; Andrade, Danilo G.A.

; Pimenta-Oliveira, Andreza

; Borges, Alexandre S.

; Oliveira-Filho, José P.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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Nov 2018, Volumen 38 Nº 11 Paginas 2052 - 2055

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: A doença de armazenamento de glicogênio tipo II (DAG-II) e a síndrome miastênica congênita (SMC) são importantes doenças autossômicas recessivas no gado Brahman. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença das mutações responsáveis pela DAG-II (E7, c.1057_1058delTA; e E13, c.1783C>T) e pela SMC (c.470del20) em bovinos da raça Brahman e em touros Brahman que são rotineiramente utilizados em programas de reprodução no Brasil. Um total de 276 amostras de bulbo piloso de bovinos Brahman (167 fêmeas e 109 machos, com idade variando de 12 a 24 meses) e 35 amostras de sêmen congeladas de touros Brahman (22 touros americanos, 11 touros brasileiros, um touro argentino e um touro australiano) foram usados neste estudo. O DNA genômico foi purificado, das amostras de bulbo piloso e de sêmen, e utilizado na genotipagem por PCR das mutações c.1057_1058delTA (E7) e c.1783C>T (E13) no gene GAA e c.470del20 no gene CHRNE. Os produtos de PCR foram purificados e sequenciados. A frequência genotípica para cada polimorfismo foi estimada separadamente. Dos 276 Brahman testados, 7,3% foram identificados como heterozigotos para E7. Todos os Brahman foram homozigotos wild-type para o alelo E13. A mutação E7 foi identificada em homozigose em 8,6% (3/35) das amostras de sêmen comerciais, enquanto que a mutação E13 não foi identificada. A mutação c.470del20 foi identificada em heterozigose em 0,73% das amostras de bulbo piloso, mas esta mutação não estava presente nas amostras de sêmen avaliadas. Nenhum estudo prévio avaliou a prevalência das mutações responsáveis pela DAG-II ou SMC em bovinos Brahman brasileiro. Em suma, as mutações E7 e c.470del20 estão presentes no rebanho Brahman brasileiro, e medidas de controle devem ser adotadas para prevenir o aumento da incidência da DAG-II e SMC em bovinos da raça Brahman no Brasil.

ABSTRACT: Glycogen storage disease type II (GSD-II) and congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) are important autosomal recessive disorders in Brahman cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of mutations responsible for GSD II (E7, c.1057_1058delTA; and E13, c.1783C>T) and CMS (c.470del20) in purebred Brazilian Brahman cattle and in purebred Brahman bulls that were routinely used in breeding programs in Brazil. A total of 276 purebred Brahman cattle (167 females and 109 males, with ages ranging from 12-24 months) and 35 frozen semen samples taken from purebred Brahman bulls (22 bulls from the USA, 11 Brazilian bulls, one Argentine bull and one Australian bull) were used in this study. Genomic DNA was purified from hair root samples and from semen samples. Purified DNA was used in PCR genotyping to mutations c.1057_1058delTA (E7) and c.1783C>T (E13) in the GAA gene and c.470del20 in the CHRNE gene. The PCR products were purified and sequenced. The genotypic frequencies per polymorphism were estimated separately. Of the 276 Brahman cattle tested, 7.3% were identified as heterozygous for E7. All Brahman cattle studied were homozygous for the wild-type E13 allele. The E7 mutations was identified as heterozygous in 8.6% (3/35) of the commercial semen samples, whereas the E13 mutations was not identified. The c.470del20 mutation was identified as heterozygous in 0.73% of the hair root samples, but this mutation was not present in any semen sample assessed. No study had previously evaluated the prevalence of mutations responsible for GSD II or CMS in Brazilian Brahman cattle. In summary, the E7 and c.470del20 mutations are present in the Brazilian Brahman herd, and control measures should be adopted to prevent an increase in the incidence of GSD-II and CMS in Brahman cattle in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5963 1108 descargas

Performance and parasite control of different genetic groups of lambs finished in irrigated pasture
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Fernandes Júnior, G.A.

; Lôbo, R.N.B.

; Vieira, L.S.

; Sousa, M.M.

; Lôbo, A.M.B.O.

; Facó, O.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Jun 2015, Volumen 67 Nº 3 Paginas 732 - 740

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar quatro grupos genéticos de ovinos: Santa Inês (SI), Somalis Brasileira (SB), Morada Nova (MN) e 1/2 Dorper - 1/2 Morada Nova (F1) quanto às características de crescimento e de infecção parasitária. Trinta e três cordeiros machos, de mesma idade, nascidos de parto simples e submetidos às mesmas condições de manejo pré-desmame foram utilizados no experimento. Após o desmame, os animais foram alojados em piquetes de capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, em um sistema rotativo de pastejo sob um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Os resultados mostraram que, ao longo do experimento, o desempenho ponderal dos quatro grupos genéticos foi negativamente afetado pela infecção por endoparasitas, mas o efeito de genótipo foi significativo para ganho de peso médio diário, e os grupos SI e F1 apresentaram melhores médias. O efeito do genótipo, tempo e interação genótipo x tempo foi significativo para o peso e o escore corporal. Os cordeiros da raça SB apresentaram maiores escores corporais ao longo do experimento, apesar do menor ganho de peso quando comparados aos dos grupos SI e F1. Houve efeito significativo do tempo e da interação genótipo x tempo para o hematócrito e para o grau FAMACHA©. Somente efeito do tempo foi verificado para as características OPG e proteína plasmática total. Os cordeiros da raça Morada Nova, ao contrário dos demais grupos, mantiveram o grau FAMACHA© inferior a 3 e hematócrito inferior a 23%, mesmo com tendência de maior OPG, principalmente na fase inicial, indicando uma possível maior capacidade de adaptação à infecção por endoparasitas.

The aim of this study was to compare the following four genetic groups of hair sheep: Santa Inês (SI), Morada Nova (MN), Brazilian Somali (BS), and the F1 1/2Dorper x 1/2Morada Nova crossbreed on traits related to growth and parasitic infection. Thirty-three male lambs of the same age and of simple birth, under the same pre-weaning management conditions were used in the experiment. After weaning the animals were housed in a completely randomized design in paddocks made of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. Along the course of the research, the performance of the four groups of sheep was observed to be negatively affected by gastrointestinal parasites, but there was a genotype effect to the average daily weight gain (ADWG), where the SI and F1 genotypes presented higher values. The effects of genotype, time and genotype x time interaction were significant in weight and corporal score (CS) measurements. The BS lambs had the highest CS values throughout the experiment despite not presenting greater weight gain when compared to the SI and F1 breeds. There were also significant effects of time and genotype x time interaction for packed cell volume (PCV) and FAMACHA© score (FAM) and only the time effect was significant in the total number of eggs per gram (EPG) and total plasma protein (TPP). The MN lambs showed higher PCV values and unlike the other groups, presented a FAMACHA© score below 3 and PCV above 23% even having a higher EPG tendency, especially in the initial phase, indicating a possible higher resilience to infection caused by gastrointestinal parasites.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-7643 1598 descargas

Desempenho de vacas Girolando mantidas em pastejo de Tifton 85 irrigado ou sequeiro
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Teixeira, A.M.

; Jayme, D.G.

; Sene, G.A.

; Fernandes, L.O.

; Barreto, A.C.

; Rodrigues Júnior, D.J.

; Coutinho, A.C.

; Glória, J.R.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Oct 2013, Volumen 65 Nº 5 Paginas 1447 - 1453

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a taxa de lotação e a produção de leite de vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu em pastagens de Tifton 85 irrigadas e em sequeiro, em Uberaba-MG. Os dados foram analisados em um delineamento de blocos inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições por tratamento, num esquema fatorial 2x10 (dois tratamentos e 10 épocas). Foi utilizado um lote de 11 vacas em lactação por tratamento para avaliação do desempenho animal. As médias foram comparadas por meio do teste de Scott-Knott ao nível de 5% de probabilidade (P<0,05). A pastagem foi manejada em sistema de pastejo rotacionado com três e cinco dias de ocupação e 21 e 35 dias de descanso no período das águas e da seca, respectivamente. A taxa de lotação média do sistema irrigado, no período avaliado, foi de 4,6 UA.ha-1, valor superior (P<0,05) à taxa média de 2,2 UA.ha-1 observada para o sistema de sequeiro. Não houve diferenças nas produções diárias de leite das vacas (P<0,05). A produção de leite média obtida no sistema irrigado foi de 51,7 litros. ha-1.dia-1. A irrigação possibilitou uma considerável intensificação do sistema, na medida em que proporcionou uma taxa de lotação bastante superior ao sistema de sequeiro.

The aim of this study was to determine the stocking rates and milk production of crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows managed under irrigated or rainfed Tifton 85 pastures in Uberaba- MG. The statistical design adopted was completely randomized blocks with three repetitions per treatment, in a 2 x 10 factorial arrangement (2 treatments and 10 seasons). The average was compared using the Scott-Knott test with 5% probability (P<0.05). To evaluate animal performance, 11 lactating cows per treatment were used. The pasture was managed in a rotational grazing system with 21 and 35 days of grazing interval and 3 and 5 days of grazing in each paddock, in the rainy and dry seasons respectively. The stocking rate of the irrigated system was 4.6 UA.ha-1 and was superior (p<0.05) to the stocking rate of the rainfed system that was 2.2 UA.ha-1. There were no differences among the systems (p>0.05) for the average daily milk yield of the cows. In the irrigated system the average milk yield was 51.7 liters.ha-1.dia-1. With irrigation, a considerable intensification of the system was possible because it provided a superior stocking rate capacity compared to the rainfed system.

7239 descargas Citado 2 veces en SciELO

Genotype effect on carcass and meat quality of lambs finished in irrigated pastures in the semiarid Northeastern Brazil
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Fernandes Júnior, G.A.

; Lôbo, R.N.B.

; Madruga, M.S.

; Lôbo, A.M.B.O.

; Vieira, L.S.

; Facó, O.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Ago 2013, Volumen 65 Nº 4 Paginas 1208 - 1216

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar quatro grupos genéticos de ovinos quanto às características de carcaça e de qualidade da carne. Trinta e três cordeiros, contemporâneos, nascidos de parto simples e sem relação de parentesco, foram utilizados no experimento, sendo 13 da raça Santa Inês (SI), sete da raça Somalis Brasileira (SB), seis da raça Morada Nova (MN) e sete ½ Dorper - ½ Morada Nova (F1). Os genótipos SI, SB e F1 apresentaram desempenhos similares quanto ao peso das carcaças quente e fria, cujos valores foram 10,76±0,53kg e 10,46±0,52kg para o SI, 9,20±0,73kg e 8,99±0,71kg para o SB, 9,35±0,73kg e 9,13±0,71kg para o F1, respectivamente. A raça SB apresentou melhor rendimento de carcaça quente (47,10 ±0,88%) e de carcaça fria (46,00±0,87%). Os genótipos SI e F1 apresentaram melhores conformações (2,73±0,12 e 2,50±0,17, respectivamente), enquanto o SB apresentou melhor acabamento (3,29±0,20). As médias para área de olho de lombo (AOL) foram 9,94±0,49cm², 8,66±0,67cm², 7,18±0,72cm² e 9,8±0,67cm² e para o índice de compacidade da carcaça (ICC) foram 0,17±0,01kg/cm, 0,17±0,01kg/cm, 0,11±0,01kg/cm e 0,16±0,01kg/cm, para SI, SB, MN e F1, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa entre os genótipos SI, SB e F1 quanto à AOL e ao ICC. Apesar de, no geral, a raça MN apresentar desempenho relativamente inferior aos demais genótipos quanto às características de carcaça analisadas, essa raça apresentou rendimentos de carcaça e espessura de gordura similar ao SI e F1 e conformação e AOL similar ao SB. Não houve um grupo superior ou inferior para todas as características analisadas. Por outro lado, para as condições de manejo empregadas neste estudo, evidenciou-se maior especialização para produção de carne dos genótipos SI, SB e F1 em relação ao grupo MN. Não houve diferenças importantes entre os diferentes genótipos quanto à qualidade da carne.

The aim of this study was to compare four genetic groups of sheep on the carcass and meat quality traits. Thirty-three contemporary and unrelated male lambs, all of single birth were used in the experiment, being thirteen from the Santa Inês (SI) breed, seven from the Brazilian Somali breed (BS), six from the Morada Nova (MN) breed and seven from the ½ Dorper - ½ Morada Nova (F1) crossbreed. The genotypes SI, BS and F1 presented similar performances in relation to hot and cold carcass weights, which values were 10.76±0.53kg and 10.46±0.52kg for SI, 9.20±0.73kg and 8.99±0.71kg for BS, and 9.35±0.73kg and 9.13±0.71kg for F1, respectively. The BS had a better hot carcass yield (47.10±0.88%) and cold carcass yield (46.00±0.87%). Better carcass conformation was observed in SI and F1 (2.73±0.12 and 2.50±0.17, respectively) while the BS presented a better finishing (3.29±0.20). The average for the rib eye area (REA) was 9.94±0.49cm², 8.66±0.67cm², 7.18±0.72cm² and 9.8±0.67cm², and for the carcass compactness index (CCI) it was 0.17±0.01kg/cm, 0.17±0.01kg/cm, 0.11±0.01kg/cm and 0.16±0,01kg/cm, for SI, SB, MN and F1, respectively. There were no significant differences between SI, BS and F1 regarding REA and CCI. Although, in general, the MN presented a relatively lower performance than the other genotypes, this breed had similar carcass yields and fat thickness when compared to SI and F1 and similar conformation and REA in comparison to the BS. Regarding meat quality, no differences were observed between genotypes, except for redness and cooking losses. It is concluded that no one group had a higher or lower performance in all traits analyzed. Moreover, for the management conditions employed in this study, there was evidence of greater specialization in meat production for genotypes SI, BS and F1 when compared to MN, although there are no substantial differences between the four groups regarding meat quality.

2318 descargas Citado 3 veces en SciELO

Honey physicochemical properties of three species of the brazilian Melipona
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Lage, Lorena G.A.

; Coelho, Lívia L.

; Resende, Helder C.

; Tavares, Mara G.

; Campos, Lucio A.O.

; Fernandes-Salomão, Tânia M.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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Sep 2012, Volumen 84 Nº 3 Paginas 605 - 608

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Análises fisico-quimicas foram realizadas para avaliar vinte e sete amostras de mel de três espécies do gênero Melipona (M. capixaba, M. rufiventris e M. mondury) coletadas nos Estados do Espírito Santo e de Minas Gerais. Os parâmetros atividade de água (aW), porcentagem de sólidos solúveis (Brix %), pH, acidez (meq.Kg-1) e umidade (%) foram avaliados. As características do mel dessas amostras foram muito similares às do mel de outras espécies de Melipona. Entretanto, para o mel de Apis apenas os valores de pH foram similares. O baixo valor de pH e a elevada acidez detectados no mel de Melipona são fatores potenciais para uma maior vida útil do mesmo por não oferecerem condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento microbiano. Por outro lado, o alto teor de atividade de água favorece o crescimento de microrganismos, especialmente de leveduras o que requer maior cuidado no manuseio e armazenamento do mel. As diferenças observadas entre o mel de Melipona e o de Apis reforçam a necessidade de estabelecimento de padrões de qualidade específicos para o mel de abelhas sem ferrão.

Physicochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate 27 samples of honeys from three species of the Brazilian genus Melipona (M. capixaba, M. rufiventris and M. mondury) from Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais States. The parameters water activity (Aw), percentage of soluble solids (Brix %), pH, acidity (meq/Kg) and moisture (%) were evaluated. The honey characteristics obtained from these samples were very similar to the ones from other Melipona species. However, regarding the honey from Apis (honey bee), only the pH values were similar. The low pH value and the high acidity detected in Melipona honey are potential factors for increasing the honey shelf life because they do not provide favorable conditions for the microbial development. On the other hand, the high level of water activity favors the growth of microorganisms, especially yeast, which demands a more careful handled and storage. The observed differences between Melipona and Apis honey reinforce the need for specific quality settings for stingless bee honey.

4766 descargas Citado 1 vez en SciELO

Serum cytokine levels in autoimmune and non-autoimmune hyperthyroid states
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Ward, L.S.

; Fernandes, G.A.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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Ene 2000, Volumen 33 Nº 1 Paginas 65 - 69

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Although the role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</FONT>IFN) is still poorly understood in hyperthyroid diseases, it is reasonable to assume that these cytokines may be present at higher levels in Graves' disease (GD) than in other primarily non-autoimmune thyroid diseases. In order to look for an easy method to distinguish GD from primarily non-autoimmune causes of hyperthyroidism, we compared 13 healthy individuals with 21 treated and untreated hyperthyroid GD patients and with 19 patients with hyperthyroidism due to other etiologies: 7 cases of multinodular goiter, 5 cases of excessive hormone replacement and 7 cases of amiodarone-associated hyperthyroidism. All patients presented low TSH levels and a dubious clinical thyroid state. We found a good correlation between TSH and serum IL-2 levels (r = 0.56; P<0.01). Serum IL-2 (P<0.01) and <FONT FACE="Symbol">g</FONT>IFN (P<0.01) levels were lower in the hyperthyroid group of patients than in control subjects, suggesting a depressed TH1 pattern in the T-cell subset of hyperthyroid patients. GD had normal IL-2 levels, while patients with other forms of thyrotoxicosis presented decreased IL-2 levels (P<0.05). There was no difference between treated and untreated GD patients. We suggest that the direct measurement of serum IL-2 level may help to confirm hyperthyroidism caused by GD.

2504 descargas

The influence of septal lesions on sodium and water retention induced by Walker 256 tumor
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Guimarães, F.

; Rettori, O.

; Vieira-Matos, A.N.

; Fernandes, G.A.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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Mar 1999, Volumen 32 Nº 3 Paginas 309 - 317

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

In the course of studies on the effects of septal area lesions on neuroimmunomodulation and Walker 256 tumor development, it was observed that tumor-induced sodium and water retention was less marked in lesioned than in non-lesioned rats. In the present study possible mechanisms involved in this phenomenon were investigated. The experiments were performed in septal-lesioned (LW; N = 15) and sham-operated (SW; N = 7) 8-week-old male Wistar rats, which received multifocal simultaneous subcutaneous (sc) inoculations of Walker 256 tumor cells about 30 days after the stereotaxic surgery. Control groups (no tumor, sham-operated food-restricted (SFR), N = 7) and lesioned food-restricted (LFR, N = 10) were subjected to a feeding pattern similar to that observed in tumor-bearing animals. Multifocal inoculation of Walker 256 tumor rapidly induces anorexia, which is paradoxically accompanied by an increase in body weight, as a result of renal Na+ and fluid retention. These effects of the tumor were also seen in LW rats, although the rise in fractional sodium balance during the early clinical period was significantly smaller than in SW rats (day 4: SW = 47.6 ± 6.4% and LW = 13.8 ± 5.2%; day 5: SW = 57.5 ± 3.5% and LW = 25.7 ± 4.8%; day 6: SW = 54.4 ± 3.8% and LW = 32.1 ± 4.4%; P<0.05), suggesting a temporary reduction in tumor-induced sodium retention. In contrast, urine output was significantly reduced in SW rats and increased in LW rats (LW up to -0.85 and SW up to 4.5 ml/100 g body weight), with no change in osmolar excretion. These temporary changes in the tumor's effects on LW rats may reflect a "reversal" of the secondary central antidiuretic response induced by the tumor (from antidiuretic to diuretic).

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10.

Faster gastric emptying of a liquid meal in rats after hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus lesion
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Denofre-Carvalho, S.

; Collares, E.F.

; Fernandes, G.A.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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Sep 1997, Volumen 30 Nº 9 Paginas 1121 - 1127

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The effects of dorsomedial hypothalamic (DMH) nucleus lesion on body weight, plasma glucose levels, and the gastric emptying of a liquid meal were investigated in male Wistar rats (170-250 g). DMH lesions were produced stereotaxically by delivering a 2.0-mA current for 20 s through nichrome electrodes (0.3-mm tip exposure). In a second set of experiments, the DMH and the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) nucleus were lesioned with a 1.0-mA current for 10 s (0.1-mm tip exposure). The medial hypothalamus (MH) was also lesioned separately using a nichrome electrode (0.3-mm tip exposure) with a 2.0-mA current for 20 s. Gastric emptying was measured following the orogastric infusion of a liquid test meal consisting of physiological saline (0.9% NaCl, w/v) plus phenol red dye (6 mg/dl) as a marker. Plasma glucose levels were determined after an 18-h fast before the lesion and on the 7th and 15th postoperative day. Body weight was determined before lesioning and before sacrificing the rats. The DMH-lesioned rats showed a significantly faster (P<0.05) gastric emptying (24.7% gastric retention, N = 11) than control (33.0% gastric retention, N = 8) and sham-lesioned (33.5% gastric retention, N = 12) rats, with a transient hypoglycemia on the 7th postoperative day which returned to normal by the 15th postoperative day. In all cases, weight gain was slower among lesioned rats. Additional experiments using a smaller current to induce lesions confirmed that DMH-lesioned rats had a faster gastric emptying (25.1% gastric retention, N = 7) than control (33.4% gastric retention, N = 17) and VMH-lesioned (34.6% gastric retention, N = 7) rats. MH lesions resulted in an even slower gastric emptying (43.7% gastric retention, N = 7) than in the latter two groups. We conclude that although DMH lesions reduce weight gain, they do not produce consistent changes in plasma glucose levels. These lesions also promote faster gastric emptying of an inert liquid meal, thus suggesting a role for the DMH in the regulation of gastric motility

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