Abstract Introduction: There is a linear association between pregestational body mass index (BMI) and almost all adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy is “a window of opportunities” in terms of changing behavior and improving awareness of healthy living. The proper assessment of physical activity levels, during pregnancy, determines trends, health benefits, and their effects over time. This study aims to describe maternal physical activity levels, stratified by pregestational BMI, verify the accomplishment of physical activity recommendations in pregnant women, and correlate pregestational BMI and physical activity accomplishment with maternal, delivery, and neonatal parameters. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out with 103 pregnant women. Physical activity levels were evaluated using a questionnaire and accelerometry. Pregestational BMI was obtained through the Quetelet formula and used the American College of Sports Medicine’s guidelines were used to determine physical activity accomplishment levels. Continuous data were presented as mean and standard deviation and categorical data as numbers and percentages. The F test was used to examine the differences between groups. Results: Pregnant women in the sample spent 42.9% of their time on household activities, and for pregnant women with obesity, 91.5% of the time was spent on sedentary activities. Women with normative BMI had higher levels of moderate-intensity activities. Only 15.8% of participants with obesity reached the international recommendations for physical activity practice and women who accomplished physical activity recommendations gained less weight during pregnancy. A high percentage of pre-obesity and obese pregnant women exceeded the recommendations for gestational weight gain and the gestational diabetes prevalence was higher in the obesity group (p = 0.03 between groups). Regarding delivery and neonatal parameters (Apgar score 1st, Apgar score 5th, birth weight, length and head circumference), no statistical differences were found when adjusted to a gestational week at birth, between BMI (p = 0.58; p = 0.18; p = 0.60; p = 0.34; p = 0.34, respectively) or physical activity (p = 0.12; p = 0.15; p = 0.83; p = 0.70; p = 0.70, respectively) groups. Conclusion: Pregnant women with obesity, exhibit high levels of sedentary behavior, a high prevalence of gestational diabetes, and exceed recommended gestational weight gain. Healthcare professionals have a crucial role in promoting regular physical activity and lifestyle changes before and during pregnancy.

Resumo Introdução: Existe uma associação linear entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) pré-gestacional e quase todos os desfechos adversos da gravidez. A gravidez é “uma janela de oportunidades” em termos de mudança de comportamento e melhoria da conscientização sobre uma vida saudável. A avaliação adequada dos níveis de Atividade Física, durante a gravidez, determina tendências, benefícios para a saúde e os seus efeitos ao longo do tempo. Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever as atividades e os níveis de atividade física materna, estratificados pelo IMC pré-gestacional, verificar o cumprimento das recomendações de atividade física em grávidas e correlacionar o IMC e a realização de atividade física com parâmetros maternos, de parto e neonatais. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospetivo com 103 grávidas. O tipo e a intensidade da atividade física foram avaliados por questionário e acelerometria, o IMC pré-gestacional foi obtido pela fórmula de Quetelet e utilizaram-se as diretrizes do American College of Sport Medicine para determinar os níveis de realização da atividade física. Os dados contínuos foram apresentados em média e desvio padrão, e os dados categóricos em números e percentagens. O F test e foi utilizado para examinar as diferenças entre os grupos. Resultados: As grávidas da amostra despenderam 42.9% do tempo em atividades domésticas e, as grávidas com obesidade, 91.5% do tempo em atividades sedentárias. Grávidas com IMC normativo apresentaram níveis mais elevados de atividades de intensidade moderada, 15.8% das participantes com obesidade atingiram as recomendações internacionais para a prática de atividade física e as mulheres que cumpriram as recomendações de atividade física ganharam menos peso durante a gravidez. Grande percentagem das grávidas com sobrepeso e obesidade não cumpriu com as recomendações para ganho de peso gestacional e a incidência de diabetes gestacional foi maior no grupo obesidade (p = 0.03 entre os grupos). Relativamente aos parâmetros de parto e neonatais (apgar 1º, apgar 5º, peso tamanho e perímetro cefálico), não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas, quando os scores foram ajustados à semana de gestacional, entre os grupos de IMC (p = 0.58; p = 0.18; p = 0.60; p = 0.34; p = 0.34 respetivamente) ou atividade física (p = 0.12; p = 0.15; p = 0.83; p = 0.70; p = 0.70 respetivamente). Conclusão: Grávidas com obesidade apresentam altos níveis de comportamento sedentário, alta prevalência de diabetes gestacional e excedem o ganho de peso gestacional recomendado. Os profissionais de saúde têm um papel crucial na promoção da atividade física regular e mudanças no estilo de vida antes e durante a gravidez.

ABSTRACT The cupuassu tree is one of the most frequent species in agroforestry systems, mainly in consortium with peach palm. However, there is few information regarding the management, spacing and studies of interactions between them The objective of this work was to evaluate the size and productive performance of the cupuassu tree, and the spatial variability of soil attributes in agroforestry system with peach palm. An agroforestry consortium composed of cupuassu, andiroba, peach palm and copaiba plants was selected, later divided into two modules, distinguished by the density of peach palm (32 plants per ha-1 and 64 plants per ha-1). In both, each component was selected and georeferenced, considering one cupuassu plant per repetition. Soil samples were collected in a mesh of double lines of 3 x 8 m every 9 meters, and the data were submitted to geostatistical analysis. The cupuassu tree variables were compared between the modules, by the t test (p<0.05); and according to their position in relation to the peach palm (in the row and between rows), by the F test (p<0.05). The soil attributes showed moderate spatial dependence, except organic matter, with weak dependence. The agroforestry system with cupuassu tree, andiroba, copaiba and peach palm (32 plants per ha-1) had better soil chemical attributes and produced more fruits than the intercropping with twice as much palm trees. The size of the cupuassu tree was not influenced by peach palm densities (p>0.05). However, between the rows of the peach palm, the height of the cupuassu plants is highest (p<0.05) and the fruit yield is 50% higher than that one of the cupuassu trees grown in the same row as the peach palm.

RESUMO O cupuaçuzeiro é uma das espécies de maior ocorrência em sistemas agroflorestais, principalmente em consórcios com a pupunheira. No entanto, há poucas informações referentes ao manejo, espaçamentos e estudos de interações entre as mesmas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o porte e o desempenho produtivo do cupuaçuzeiro, e a variabilidade espacial dos atributos do solo em sistema agroflorestal com pupunheira. Foi selecionado um consórcio agroflorestal composto por plantas de cupuaçu, andiroba, pupunha e copaíba, posteriormente dividido em dois módulos, distintos pela densidade de pupunheiras (32 plantas ha-1 e 64 plantas ha-1). Em ambos os módulos, foram selecionados e georreferenciados cada componente, considerando-se uma planta de cupuaçu por repetição. As amostras de solo foram coletadas em malha de linhas duplas de 3 x 8 m a cada 9 metros, e os dados submetidos à análise geoestatística. As variáveis do cupuaçuzeiro foram comparadas entre os módulos, pelo teste t (p<0,05); e conforme sua posição em relação à pupunheira (na linha e entrelinha), pelo teste F (p<0,05). Os atributos do solo apresentaram dependência espacial moderada, exceto matéria orgânica, com fraca dependência. O sistema agroflorestal com cupuaçuzeiro, andiroba, copaíba e pupunheira: com 32 plantas ha-1, apresentou melhores atributos químicos de solo e produziu mais frutos que o consórcio com o dobro de palmáceas. O porte do cupuaçuzeiro não foi influenciado pelas densidades da pupunheira (p>0,05), no entanto, nas entrelinhas da pupunheira, a altura das plantas de cupuaçu é maior (p<0,05) e a produtividade de frutos é 50% maior que a dos cupuaçuzeiros cultivados na mesma linha da pupunheira.

ABSTRACT Garden pansy is a versatile gardening plant – it produces beautiful colorful edible-flowers with high value in gourmet cuisine. The use of irrigation and biotechnology in garden pansy cultivation can provide gains in flower productivity and nutritional value. The goal of this study was to evaluate the growth and edible flower production in garden pansy plants, submitted to different levels of irrigation and mycorrhizal inoculation. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in the 2 x 5 factorial design, with the presence and absence of mycorrhizal inoculation in combination with 5 levels of irrigation with 6 replicates, in a greenhouse. There was no significant interaction between the factors mycorrhizal inoculation and irrigation levels by the F test. Under the tested conditions, the mycorrhizal inoculation was unable to provide significant changes in the growth, development and flowering of garden pansy plants. It was concluded that no symbiotic efficiency was pointed out between the mycorrhizal fungus used and garden pansy plants. The best growth and yield results for cultivating and producing edible flowers of garden pansy were obtained at the 100% replenishment level of water evaporation.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (GI) on the physicochemical, technological, antioxidant and microbiological characteristics of different whole sorghum flours (WSF), as well as to characterize the profile of chemical constituents by paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). The doses applied interfered in the staining characteristics of the evaluated flours, providing the darkening of the same. For the other physicochemical, technological, and antioxidant parameters, no significant influence of the process was observed. The fingerprint obtained in both ionization modes had not been influenced by irradiation, being flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, amino acids, benzoic acid derivatives, carboxylic acids, and sugars tentatively identified. In microbiological terms, there was a reduction of molds, yeasts, and Bacillus cereus in irradiated WSF compared to control (non-irradiated). Therefore, the application of low doses of gamma irradiation represents an advantageous alternative for the conservation of WSF and maintenance of bioactive compounds identified by the PS-MS technique.

The 1,4-naphthoquinones are an important group of compounds intensively studied because of their wide range of biological activities. Four 2-chloro-3-(substituted-phenylamino)-1,4 naphthoquinone derivatives were synthesized, and the vibrational modes of these molecules were assigned using Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. In addition, X-ray studies were performed for one of these derivatives. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also developed for these compounds and presented. In summary, the results obtained from these studies can assess chemical changes in the structures of functionalized quinones and the discovery of candidate biologically active compounds.

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate whether space allowance during pre-slaughter transport of European breeding quail affects welfare, carcass traits and meat quality. A total of 248 quails (body weight = 344.90 ± 2.09 g) were used. During pre-transport, the quails were fasted for 5 hours and 30 minutes. The poultry were caught and placed in plastic transport crates with an area of 0.40 m2. The treatments consisted of a different space allowance in each crate: 22, 28, 34 or 40 quails per crate. Immediately upon arrival at the slaughterhouse, the quails were stunned. During bleeding, blood samples were collected. The carcasses were individually weighed. The meat quality was measured. Data were analysed using the effects of space allowance during transport of quails and pickup truck as dependent variables. Death on arrival increased as the space allowance in transport crates decreased (p=0.08). Glucose and uric acid levels were not significantly different between groups (p≥0.14). The cold carcass weight presented the maximum value when the crates contained 31 quails (p=0.03). The meat pH, intensity of red, intensity of yellow and cooking losses were not different between groups (p≥0.12). The meat lightness value presented the maximum value when the crates contained 31 quails (p=0.04). In view of the above, the number of European breeding quails transported in crates must not exceed 30 animals.

Abstract Objectives To assess the status of the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) of premature ovarian insufficiency women (POI women) and the incidence of fecal incontinence (FI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study with 150 women with POI was performed. Pelvic floor muscle assessment was performed with the PERFECT scale. The subscales POPDI-6 and CRADI-8 of the questionnaire Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) were used for pelvic floor symptoms focused on FI and POP. Moreover, FI and POP were also assessed as dichotomous variables (yes/no). Results Women with FI and POP did not present differences in the PFM assessment across P (p = 0.61), E (p = 0.78), R (p = 0.22), and F (p = 0.79) variables when compared with women with POI; no differences were also seen between women with and without POP according the pelvic muscles: P (p = 0.91), E (p = 0.99), R (p = 0.62), and F (p = 0.10). Women with FI and POP presented higher scores in all PFDI-20 subscales and total score when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions Pelvic floor muscle assessment within POI women with or without FI or POP did not differ. However, PF symptoms are more severe in the FI or POP groups.

BACKGROUND The knowledge about eicosanoid metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) formation in the Leishmania is very limited and new approaches are needed to identify which bioactive molecules are produced of them. OBJECTIVES Herein, we compared LDs and eicosanoids biogenesis in distinct Leishmania species which are etiologic agents of different clinical forms of leishmaniasis. METHODS For this, promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, L. braziliensis and L. infantum were stimulated with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and LD and eicosanoid production was evaluated. We also compared mutations in structural models of human-like cyclooxygenase-2 (GP63) and prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) proteins, as well as the levels of these enzymes in parasite cell extracts. FINDINGS PUFAs modulate the LD formation in L. braziliensis and L. infantum. Leishmania spp with equivalent tissue tropism had same protein mutations in GP63 and PGFS. No differences in GP63 production were observed among Leishmania spp, however PGFS production increased during the parasite differentiation. Stimulation with arachidonic acid resulted in elevated production of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids compared to prostaglandins. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest LD formation and eicosanoid production are distinctly modulated by PUFAS dependent of Leishmania species. In addition, eicosanoid-enzyme mutations are more similar between Leishmania species with same host tropism.

Abstract: This research aims to identify and classify mixed-type situations, associated with the affine function, present in Enem tests. The 2020 Enem tests were analyzed and 10 possible situations were identified to be written in the form f ( x ) = ax + b . Each situation was analyzed in terms of data presentation, resolution structure, and classified based on the combination of classes of additive and multiplicative conceptual fields, as proposed in the Conceptual Fields theory, which supports this research. Among the classes identified in the corpus, the most frequent one was simple double proportion and composition of measures, with three situations. For most students who take Enem, access to mathematical knowledge comes from the classroom; therefore, knowing the different classes of mixed-type situations is in the teacher's interest to provide students with the construction of the concept of the affine function.

Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de identificar e classificar situações do tipo misto, associadas à função afim, presentes em provas do Enem. Foram analisadas as provas do Enem da edição de 2020 e foram identificadas 10 situações possíveis de serem escritas na forma f ( x ) = a x + b . Cada situação foi analisada quanto à apresentação dos dados, estrutura de resolução e classificadas com base na combinação das classes dos campos conceituais aditivos e multiplicativos, conforme propostos na teoria dos campos conceituais, que embasa esta pesquisa. Dentre as classes identificadas, a mais frequente foi dupla proporção simples e composição de medidas, com três situações. Para parte dos estudantes que presta o Enem, o acesso ao saber matemático é oriundo da sala de aula, logo, conhecer as diferentes classes de situações do tipo misto é do interesse do professor para proporcionar a seus alunos a construção do conceito de função afim.

Abstract A metaheuristic approach for variable axial composites considering multiobjective optimization is investigated. The proposed methodology is based on the combination of three main parts: a methodology for defining the orientation of the fibers in the laminate, a structural analysis program (based on the Finite Element Method) and an optimization algorithm. It is important to highlight that a radial basis function (RBF), which describes a smooth fiber pattern, is generated using control points. The novelties of the present methodology consist of a proposal for a generalized parameterization technique, which allows the investigation of mechanical strength and stress concentration of variable axial composites. Thus, NSGA-II multiobjective genetic algorithm is used as optimization tool to define the fiber orientations. Besides, ax metaheuristic approach is used in situations when it is desirable to simultaneously minimize the stress concentration factor ( K t) and a failure criterion index ( F I or Φ). Two case studies are investigated: a double notched plate and a tube with a transverse hole.

This work compares the anticorrosive properties of DC electrodeposited CuCoNi, CuCo, and CuNi alloy coatings in a NaCl 0.5 mol L-1 solution. The results showed that j and the bath composition influenced the chemical, morphological, and electrochemical characteristics of the alloy coatings. Among all the studied coatings, the CuCo, CuNi, and CuCoNi ones produced at j = 10 A m-2, j = 60 A m-2, and j = 25 A m-2, respectively, showed the best anticorrosive performances in the saline medium, exhibiting charge transfer resistances (Rtc) higher than 2000 Ω cm2 and an electrical double layer capacitances (Cdl) lower than 8 X10-4 F cm-2. These results agree with the compact morphologies and smaller grain sizes presented by these coatings. Therefore, the anticorrosive properties of the coatings cannot be related only to the less noble metal(s) contents in the alloy but also to their morphologies.

BACKGROUND A positive Trypanosoma cruzi polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with chronic Chagas disease (CD). OBJECTIVES To study the association of clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics and biomarker blood levels with positive T. cruzi PCR in chronic CD. METHODS This is a single-centre observational cross-sectional study. Positive T. cruzi PCR association with clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics, and biomarker blood levels were studied by logistic regression analysis. p values < 0.05 were considered significant. FINDINGS Among 333 patients with chronic CD (56.4% men; 62 ± 10 years), T. cruzi PCR was positive in 41.1%. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression showed an independent association between positive T. cruzi PCR and diabetes mellitus {odds ratio (OR) 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.93]; p = 0.03}, right bundle branch block [OR 1.78 (95% CI 1.09-2.89); p = 0.02], and history of trypanocidal treatment [OR 0.13 (95% CI 0.04-0.38); p = 0.0002]. Among patients with a history of trypanocidal treatment (n = 39), only four (10%) patients had a positive T. cruzi PCR. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Among several studied parameters, only diabetes mellitus, right bundle branch block, and history of trypanocidal treatment showed an independent association with positive T. cruzi PCR. History of trypanocidal treatment was a strong protective factor against a positive T. cruzi PCR.

ABSTRACT Propagation of palm trees is mainly by seeds and, in general, germination is uneven and slow, caused by several factors, such as temperature and light. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different temperature conditions and light regimes in the germination of Areca vestiaria and Areca triandra seeds. Two experiments were carried. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 5 × 2 factorial (temperature × light), with four replicates per treatment for the species A. vestiaria and five replications for A. triandra, with 25 e 20 seeds, respectively. The temperatures tested were 25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 ºC and the light regimes were presence and absence of light. The germination percentage and germination speed index were evaluated. Analysis of variance was performed using the F Test, with subsequent comparison of the means using the Tukey test (α = 0.05). For both species, there were significant differences between the temperature conditions for the studied characteristics. It was concluded that temperatures of 25 ºC, 30 ºC, 25-35 ºC and 20-30 ºC are indicated for germination of seeds of the species Areca vestiaria and, 25-35 ºC for Areca triandra, being the seeds classified as neutral photoblastics.