Abstract In Brazil, 65% of the electric power production comes from hydroelectric power plants (HPPs). In some cases, these power plants divert the course of rivers, resulting in regions impacted by the absence of water, which are known as reduced fow sections (RFS). These sections are regulated by legislation and aim to maintain the minimum fow necessary to preserve the fauna, flora, fish, and human consumption in the region. Depending on the time of year, this minimum flow, also known as ecological flow (residual flow), can reach significant values, resulting in the interruption of power generation in these HPPs. This article presents a study case of two hydroelectric power plants located in different Brazilian states. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of implementing auxiliary generator groups that can operate uninterruptedly at different drop heights while ensuring the preservation of residual flow during low flow periods or taking advantage of the overflow flow by spillways during high flow periods. This auxiliary system would use the same set of structures and transmission systems as the main power plant, minimizing environmental impacts and implementation costs, allowing this solution to be implemented in HPPs that face this type of problem in Brazil. The results obtained indicate that HPPs with larger reservoirs have a greater ability to maintain residual flows with minimal generation loss and that run-of-the-river power plants are the most impacted by the maintenance of residual flow.

Resumen: Antecedentes: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas, el funcionamiento de los ítems, la invariancia factorial y la validez convergente de la versión española del Herth Hope Index (HHI) en pacientes con cáncer. Método: Estudio transversal, multicéntrico, prospectivo de 863 pacientes con cáncer de 15 hospitales españoles. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios para explorar la dimensionalidad, el funcionamiento de los ítems, la invariancia de medición según el sexo, la edad, el sitio del tumor y la supervivencia esperada, y la validez externa. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos no respaldan la escala original de 3 factores y en cambio sugieren una estructura de un factor, que explicó el 62% de la varianza común, con una confiabilidad satisfactoria (ω = .88). Una solución de invariancia fuerte demostró un excelente ajuste en función del sexo, la edad, el sitio del tumor y la supervivencia. HHI reveló asociaciones sustanciales con la resiliencia y el bienestar espiritual. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados indican que la versión en español del HHI es una herramienta corta, fácil de administrar, válida y confiable para evaluar el nivel de esperanza de los pacientes con cáncer.

Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, differential item functioning, factorial invariance, and convergent validity of the Spanish version of the Herth Hope Index (HHI) in patients with cancer. Method: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to explore the scale, dimensionality, functioning of items, test for strong measurement invariance across sex, age, tumor site, and expected survival, and an extended structural equation model to assess external validity in a cross-sectional, multicenter, prospective study of 863 cancer patients from 15 Spanish hospitals. Results: The results do not support the original 3-factor scale but instead suggest a one-factor structure, which explained 62% of the common variance. Scores from the unidimensional structure exhibited satisfactory reliability (ω = .88). A strong invariance solution demonstrated excellent fit across sex, age, tumor site, and survival. HHI exhibited substantial associations with resilience coping strategies and spiritual well-being. Conclusions: The findings of our study contribute to the diversity of earlier empirical findings regarding the construct of hope. Despite this, our results indicate that the Spanish version of the HHI is a short, easy-to-administer, valid, reliable tool for evaluating cancer patients' levels of hope.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: A bibliometric analysis covering only the production of original studies or considering world production until 2022 has yet to be conducted. The creation and advancement of vaccines have also influenced research priorities, demonstrating the need for a new approach to this subject. OBJECTIVES: To analyze worldwide scientific production related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the aged and to describe what has already been produced. DESIGN AND SETTING: Bibliometric analysis with a quantitative approach. METHOD: The search terms “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “Aged,” and “Elderly” were used to retrieve articles from the Web of Science database. A total of 684 articles were included in the analysis. Data were imported into RStudio Desktop Software and linked to R Software. The Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer software were used for analysis. RESULTS: Most articles were published in 2020. These were produced by 4,937 authors and published in 379 journals. The keyword most used by the authors was “COVID-19.” Publications from 77 countries were obtained. China had the highest article production ranking, and Spain collaborated the most. The articles addressed the implications of the pandemic on the aged, the relationship between vaccination in the aged, and the implications for the disease itself. CONCLUSION: Further research should be conducted, mainly concerning vaccines and vaccination of the aged, owing to the need for and importance of immunization in this risk group, including assessing the long-term effects of vaccines.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Specific types of violence such as intimate partner sexual violence and intimate partner homicide occur more frequently in rural areas. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the knowledge and attitudes of rural healthcare providers regarding cases of domestic violence against women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review developed at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. METHODS: We conducted an electronic search of six databases, which only included observational studies, regardless of the year, language, or country of publication, except for studies that used secondary data and were exclusively qualitative. Two reviewers performed the selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using a specific Joanna Briggs Institute tool. RESULTS: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. All the studies had a low risk of bias. Approximately 38% of these professionals identified injuries caused by violence in patients. When asked about knowing the correct attitude to take in cases of confirmed violence, between 12% and 64% of rural healthcare providers answered positively; most of them would refer to specialized institutions and promote victim empowerment and counseling. The number of professionals with an educational background in the field ranged from 16% to 98%. CONCLUSIONS: The evident disparity across studies shows that some professionals have suboptimal knowledge and require training to adopt the correct attitude when identifying female victims of domestic violence in clinical practice. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework Database under the registration http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B7Q6S.

Objectives: To summarize evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment and propose clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The literature on CBT interventions for adult OCD, including BT and exposure and response prevention, was systematically reviewed to develop updated clinical guidelines for clinicians, providing comprehensive details about the necessary procedures for the CBT protocol. We searched the literature from 2013-2020 in five databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, and Lilacs) regarding study design, primary outcome measures, publication type, and language. Selected articles were assessed for quality with validated tools. Treatment recommendations were classified according to levels of evidence developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. Results: We examined 44 new studies used to update the 2013 American Psychiatric Association guidelines. High-quality evidence supports CBT with exposure and response prevention techniques as a first-line treatment for OCD. Protocols for Internet-delivered CBT have also proven efficacious for adults with OCD. Conclusion: High-quality scientific evidence supports the use of CBT with exposure and response prevention to treat adults with OCD.

Abstract Radiopaque properties in the infiltrant should be interesting for clinicians to feel more confident to indicate this treatment. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of barium and ytterbium particles on the physical properties of resin infiltrants. Groups were divided according to the addition of ytterbium oxide (Y) alone (30 or 40%) or Y with barium (YB) (15/15% or 20/20% respectively) in the Icon commercial infiltrant and in the experimental infiltrant base. Digital radiography (n=5), Microradiography (n=5), Microtomography (n=3), degree of conversion (n=5), water sorption (n=16), solubility (n=16), contact angle (n=16), flexural strength (n=16), elastic modulus (n=16) and Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (n=10) were performed. Analyses were performed using the R program, with a significance level of 5%, and microradiography and Microtomography analyses were evaluated qualitatively. In groups with 30 or 40% of ytterbium, radiopacity was higher or equal to enamel. Microradiography and Microtomography appear to have more radiopacity in groups with 40% (Y). Among the groups with no particle addition, those of the experimental infiltrant presented a higher degree of conversion than those of Icon®. In most groups, there was solubility below the ISO-recommended levels. The addition of particles resulted in higher viscosity. Groups with Icon had higher flexural strength and elastic modulus than groups with experimental infiltrant. The addition of 40% (Y) improved polymerization, had low solubility, and had greater radiopacity than enamel, however negatively affected the viscosity increasing then. Experimental groups with the base showed a higher water sorption than Icon groups.

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito da incorporação de partículas de Bário e Itérbio nas propriedades físicas de infiltrantes resinosos. Os grupos foram divididos de acordo com a adição de Itérbio puro (30 ou 40%) ou Itérbio com Bário (15/15% ou 20/20% respectivamente) no infiltrante comercial Icon e no Infiltrante experimental base. Foram realizados os testes de: radiografia digital (n=5), microradiografia Transversa (n=5), microtomografia (n=3), grau de conversão (n=5), sorção (n=16), solubilidade (n=16), ângulo de contato (n=16), resistência flexural (n=16), modulo de elasticidade (n=16) e Espectroscopia por energia dispersiva (n=10). As análises foram realizadas utilizando o programa R, com nível de significância de 5%, e os testes de microradiografia e microtomografia foram analisados qualitativamente. Nos grupos com 30 ou 40% de Itérbio, a radiopacidade foi maior ou igual ao esmalte dentário. Na microradiografia e microtomografia parece ter maior radiopacidade nos grupos com 40% de itérbio. Dentre os grupos sem adição de partículas, os do infiltrante experimental apresentaram maior grau de conversão do que os do Icon e o grupo controle experimental e com 40% de itérbio apresentaram os melhores resultados. Na maioria dos grupos, a solubilidade foi abaixo dos níveis recomendados pela ISO. A adição de particulas resultou em maior viscosidade. Os grupos com Icon apresentaram maior resistência flexural e modulo de elasticidade do que os grupos com infiltrante experimental e a quantidade de partícula aumentou a resistência e o módulo de elasticidade. A adição de 40% de itérbio melhorou a polimerização, apresentou baixa solubilidade e maior radiopacidade do que o esmalte, porém afetou negativamente a viscosidade, aumentando-a.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of fluid overload related to mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and evolution to discharge or death in critically ill children. Methods A retrospective study in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit for two years. Patients who required invasive ventilatory support and vasopressor and/or inotropic medications were considered critically ill. Results 70 patients were included. The mean age was 6.8 ± 6 years. There was a tolerable increase in fluid overload during hospitalization, with a median of 2.45% on the first day, 5.10% on the third day, and 8.39% on the tenth day. The median fluid overload on the third day among those patients in pressure support ventilation mode was 4.80% while the median of those who remained on controlled ventilation was 8.45% (p = 0.039). Statistical significance was observed in the correlations between fluid overload measurements on the first, third, and tenth days of hospitalization and the beginning of renal replacement therapy (p = 0.049) and between renal replacement therapy and death (p = 0.01). The median fluid overload was 7.50% in patients who died versus 4.90% in those who did not die on the third day of hospitalization (p = 0.064). There was no statistically significant association between death and the variables sex or age. Conclusions The fluid overload on the third day of hospitalization proved to be a determinant for the clinical outcomes of weaning from mechanical ventilation, initiation of renal replacement therapy, discharge from the intensive care unit, or death among these children.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Supplementation with probiotics for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be associated with decreased systemic inflammation. Objective: To assess the impact of oral supplementation with probiotics for patients with CKD on hemodialysis. Method: This double-blind randomized clinical trial included 70 patients on hemodialysis; 32 were given oral supplementation with probiotics and 38 were in the placebo group. Blood samples were collected at the start of the study and patients were given oral supplementation with probiotics or placebo for three months. The probiotic supplement comprised four strains of encapsulated Gram-positive bacteria: Lactobacillus Plantarum A87, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum A218 and Bifidobacterium longum A101. Patients were given one capsule per day for 3 months. Blood samples were taken throughout the study to check for inflammatory biomarkers. Non-traditional biomarkers Syndecan-1, IFN-y, NGAL, and cystatin C were measured using an ELISA kit, along with biochemical parameters CRP, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, PTH, GPT, hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose, and urea. Results: Patients given supplementation with probiotics had significant decreases in serum levels of syndecan-1 (239 ± 113 to 184 ± 106 ng/mL, p = 0.005); blood glucose levels also decreased significantly (162 ± 112 to 146 ± 74 mg/dL, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Administration of probiotics to patients with advanced CKD was associated with decreases in syndecan-1 and blood glucose levels, indicating potential improvements in metabolism and decreased systemic inflammation.

Resumo Introdução: A suplementação com probióticos na doença renal crônica (DRC) pode estar associada à redução do processo inflamatório sistêmico. Objetivo: Avaliar a suplementação oral com probióticos em pacientes com DRC em hemodiálise. Método: Ensaio clínico, duplo cego, randomizado com 70 pacientes em hemodiálise, sendo 32 do grupo que recebeu o suplemento de probióticos e 38 do grupo placebo. Inicialmente ocorreu a coleta de sangue e suplementação oral com probióticos ou placebo durante três meses. O suplemento probiótico foi composto pela combinação de 4 cepas de bactérias Gram-positivas encapsuladas: Lactobacillus Plantarum A87, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum A218 e Bifidobacterium longum A101, sendo 1 cápsula do suplemento ao dia, durante 3 meses. Após esse período foram feitas novas coletas de sangue para dosagem dos biomarcadores inflamatórios. Foram analisados os biomarcadores não tradicionais: Syndecan-1, IFN-y, NGAL e cistatina C pelo método ELISA, e os seguintes parâmetros bioquímicos: PCR, cálcio, fósforo, potássio, PTH, TGP, hematócrito, hemoglobina, glicose e ureia. Resultados: Os pacientes que receberam suplemento tiveram diminuição significativa dos níveis séricos de syndecan-1 (de 239 ± 113 para 184 ± 106 ng/mL, p = 0,005). Outro parâmetro que diminuiu significativamente nos pacientes que receberam suplemento foi a glicemia (de 162 ± 112 para 146 ± 74 mg/dL, p = 0,02). Conclusão: O uso de probióticos na DRC avançada esteve associado à redução dos níveis de syndecan-1 e glicemia, sinalizando possível melhora no metabolismo e redução do processo inflamatório sistêmico.

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), since its creation in 1988, has a history of insufficient resources to effectively guarantee universality and comprehensive care. Its underfunding, derived from the lack of support from part of society and neoliberal policies undertaken by various governments in the 1990s and 2000s, turned into effective reduction in real terms of funding resources after the approval of the “expenditure ceiling” in 2016, aggravating the structural system difficulty. The Covid-19 pandemic generated a preeminent need to expand the service capacity of the public health system and, with that, the resources for the SUS were expanded. However, this greater financial availability was the result of extraordinary measures and was restricted to the years 2020 and 2021. The ordinary budget for health in those years and the 2022 LOA demonstrate that the underfunding continues and that the pandemic did not change the lack of priority given to healthcare within the federal budget.

RESUMO O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), desde sua criação em 1988, tem um histórico de recursos insuficientes que permitam efetivamente garantir a universalidade e a integralidade do cuidado. Seu subfinanciamento, derivado da ausência de apoio de parte da sociedade e de políticas neoliberais assumidas por diversos governos nos anos 1990 e 2000, transformou--se em um efetivo desfinanciamento a partir da aprovação do “teto de gastos”, em 2016, agravando as dificuldades estruturais do sistema. A pandemia de Covid-19 gerou uma necessidade preeminente de ampliação da capacidade de atendimento do sistema público de saúde e, com isso, os recursos para o SUS foram ampliados. Essa maior disponibilidade financeira, porém, foi fruto de medidas extraordinárias e ficou restrita aos anos de 2020 e 2021. O orçamento ordinário destinado à saúde nesses anos e a LOA de 2022 explicitam que o desfinanciamento se mantém e que a pandemia não gerou priorização da saúde da população brasileira no interior do orçamento federal.

Objectives: To summarize evidence-based pharmacological treatments and provide guidance on clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The American Psychiatric Association (APA) guidelines for the treatment of OCD (2013) were updated with a systematic review assessing the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for adult OCD, comprising monotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), clomipramine, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and augmentation strategies with clomipramine, antipsychotics, and glutamate-modulating agents. We searched for the literature published from 2013-2020 in five databases, considering the design of the study, primary outcome measures, types of publication, and language. Selected articles had their quality assessed with validated tools. Treatment recommendations were classified according to levels of evidence developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA). Results: We examined 57 new studies to update the 2013 APA guidelines. High-quality evidence supports SSRIs for first-line pharmacological treatment of OCD. Moreover, augmentation of SSRIs with antipsychotics (risperidone, aripiprazole) is the most evidence-based pharmacological intervention for SSRI-resistant OCD. Conclusion: SSRIs, in the highest recommended or tolerable doses for 8-12 weeks, remain the first-line treatment for adult OCD. Optimal augmentation strategies for SSRI-resistant OCD include low doses of risperidone or aripiprazole. Pharmacological treatments considered ineffective or potentially harmful, such as monotherapy with antipsychotics or augmentation with ketamine, lamotrigine, or N-acetylcysteine, have also been detailed.

Abstract Natrosol and Aristoflex® AVC polymers are widely applied in the cosmetic industry and have recently been applied as a thickener option in the composition of dental bleaching gels, with the purpose to reduce the adverse effects on enamel mineral components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color variation (ΔE* ab, ΔE00, ∆WID), surface roughness (Ra), and mineral content quantification (Raman Spectroscopy) of dental enamel after bleaching treatment with experimental gel-based on 10% carbamide peroxide (CP), containing Carbopol, Natrosol, and Aristoflex® AVC. Sixty bovine teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=10): Negative Control (NC) - no treatment; Positive Control (PC) - Whiteness Perfect 10% - FGM; CP with Carbopol (CPc); CP with Natrosol (CPn); CP with Aristoflex® AVC (CPa); NCP - no thickener. Data were analyzed, and generalized linear models (∆WID -T0 x T1) were used for repeated measurements in time for Ra and with a study factor for ΔE* ab and ΔE00. For the evaluation of the mineral content, data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. For enamel topographic surface analysis the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was performed. A significance level of 5% was considered. ΔE* ab and ΔE00 were significantly higher for CPc, CPn, CPa, and NCP groups. (∆WID) showed a significantly lower mean than the other groups for NC in T1. After bleaching (4-hour daily application for 14 days), Ra was higher in the CPc, CPn, and PC groups. For CPa, Ra was not altered. No significant difference was found in the quantification of mineral content. CPa preserved the surface smoothness more effectively. Aristoflex® AVC is a viable option for application as a thickener in dental bleaching gels, presenting satisfactory performance, and maintaining the whitening efficacy of the gel, with the advantage of preserving the surface roughness of tooth enamel without significant loss of mineral content.

Resumo Os polímeros Natrosol e Aristoflex® AVC são amplamente utilizados na indústria cosmética e foram recentemente aplicados como uma opção de espessante na composição de géis de clareamento dental, com o objetivo de reduzir os efeitos adversos sobre os componentes minerais do esmalte. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variação de cor (ΔE*ab, ΔE00, ∆WID), rugosidade da superfície (Ra), e quantificação do conteúdo mineral (Raman Spectroscopy) do esmalte dentário após clareamento dental com gel experimental baseado em 10% de peróxido de carbamida (CP), contendo Carbopol, Natrosol e Aristoflex® AVC. Sessenta dentes bovinos foram divididos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos (n=10): Controle Negativo (CN) - sem tratamento; Controle Positivo (CP) - Brancura Perfeita 10% - FGM; CP com Carbopol (CPc); CP com Natrosol (CPn); CP com Aristoflex® AVC (CPa); NCP - sem espessante. Os dados foram analisados e modelos lineares generalizados (∆WID -T0 x T1) foram usados para medições repetidas no tempo para Ra e com um fator de estudo para ΔE*ab e ΔE00. Para a avaliação do conteúdo mineral, os dados foram submetidos a testes unidirecionais de ANOVA e Tukey. Para a análise da superfície topográfica do esmalte, o Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (SEM) foi realizado. Um nível de significância de 5% foi considerado. ΔE*ab e ΔE00 foram significativamente maiores para os grupos CPc, CPn, CPa e NCP. (∆WID) mostrou uma média significativamente menor do que os outros grupos para NC em T1. Após o clareamento (aplicação diária de 4 horas por 14 dias), Ra foi maior nos grupos CPc, CPn e PC. Para CPa, Ra não foi alterado. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada na quantificação do conteúdo mineral. O CPa preservou a suavidade da superfície de forma mais eficaz. Aristoflex® AVC é uma opção viável para aplicação como espessante em géis de clareamento dental, apresentando desempenho satisfatório e mantendo a eficácia clareadora do gel, com a vantagem de preservar a rugosidade da superfície do esmalte dentário sem perda significativa de conteúdo mineral.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (GI) on the physicochemical, technological, antioxidant and microbiological characteristics of different whole sorghum flours (WSF), as well as to characterize the profile of chemical constituents by paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). The doses applied interfered in the staining characteristics of the evaluated flours, providing the darkening of the same. For the other physicochemical, technological, and antioxidant parameters, no significant influence of the process was observed. The fingerprint obtained in both ionization modes had not been influenced by irradiation, being flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, amino acids, benzoic acid derivatives, carboxylic acids, and sugars tentatively identified. In microbiological terms, there was a reduction of molds, yeasts, and Bacillus cereus in irradiated WSF compared to control (non-irradiated). Therefore, the application of low doses of gamma irradiation represents an advantageous alternative for the conservation of WSF and maintenance of bioactive compounds identified by the PS-MS technique.

This study aims to analyze Tetragonisca angustula honey from southwestern Bahia for its physicochemical characteristics, phenolic compounds and glioma cell inhibitory effect, in samples from different periods of the year, dry (DP) and rainy (RP) period. The analyses showed that samples obtained in the DP and RP are statistically different for the physicochemical profile (p < 0.05). DP honey has a darker color, greater acidity, content of reducing sugars and ash and lower moisture, when compared to RP. The content of total phenolics and flavonoids was determined spectrometrically, using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and reaction with aluminum chloride, respectively, and there was no statistical difference between the samples (p > 0.05). For the extraction of phenolic compounds, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was used, besides analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV), which identified chlorogenic acid and quantified caffeic acid and rutin (1.7723 and 0.9384 μg 100 mg-1 honey, respectively). Glioma cell inhibition effect lines were observed for DP at concentrations 1000 ng mL-1 of honey. Principal component analysis (PCA) proposes the physicochemical parameters as the main distinguishing factors between the DP and RP samples. DP samples showed similarity for the parameters ash content, acidity and reducing sugars and the samples of the RP had consonance between pH and moisture.

Abstract Objective: To assess the predictive value of selected growth phenotypes for neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants < 30 weeks and to compare them with INTERGROWTH-21st (IG21). Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) database for very low birth weight (VLBW) at 20 public tertiary-care university hospitals. Outcome: the composite neonatal morbidity and mortality (CNMM) consisted of in-hospital death, oxygen use at 36 weeks, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4, and Bell stage 2 or 3 necrotizing enterocolitis. Selected growth phenotypes: small-for-gestational-age (SGA) defined as being < 3rd (SGA3) or 10th (SGA10) percentiles of BW, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) as being > 97th percentile of BW. Stunting as being < 3rd percentile of the length and wasting as being < 3rd percentile of BMI. Single and multiple log-binomial regression models were fitted to estimate the relative risks of CNMM, comparing them to IG21. Results: 4,072 infants were included. The adjusted relative risks of CNMM associated with selected growth phenotypes were (BNRN/IG21): 1.45 (0.92–2.31)/1.60 (1.27–2.02) for SGA; 0.90 (0.55–1.47)/1.05 (0.55–1.99) for LGA; 1.65 (1.08–2.51)/1.58 (1.28–1.96) for stunting; and 1.48 (1.02–2.17) for wasting. Agreement between the two references was variable. The growth phenotypes had good specificity (>95%) and positive predictive value (70-90%), with poor sensitivity and low negative predictive value. Conclusion: The BNRN phenotypes at birth differed markedly from the IG21 standard and showed poor accuracy in predicting adverse neonatal outcomes.

Abstract This work aimed to characterize the allspice leaves essential oil (EO) and evaluate its antimicrobial activity against specific food-borne pathogenic microorganisms as well as its in vitro antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of different concentrations (0, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) of allspice EO was also evaluated in mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) during storage of up to 10 days at 2 °C. Allspice EO presented as major compounds eugenol (55.52%), myrcene (22.53%) and chavicol (5.12%), and was effective against Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, having greater (p < 0.05) antimicrobial activity than its main component eugenol. In the in vitro antioxidant assays, the allspice EO had higher radical scavenging activity (90% versus 65%) than eugenol, presenting lower IC50 values (2.71 versus 9.49 µg/mL), but the antioxidant activity by the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) did not differ (p > 0.05) from the synthetic antioxidant butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT). Incorporating allspice EO in MDPM suppressed lipid oxidation during 8 days of cold storage, regardless of the amount used, exhibiting lower (p < 0.05) TBARS values during all storage periods than MDPM without EO. Allspice leaves EO had the high antioxidant potential to be used in MDPM and could also contribute an antimicrobial effect to the product in which the MDPM is used.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o óleo essencial (OE) de folhas de pimenta-da-jamaica e avaliar sua atividade antimicrobiana contra microrganismos patogênicos específicos de alimentos e sua atividade antioxidante in vitro. A ação antioxidante de diferentes concentrações (0, 500 e 1.000 mg/kg) de OE de pimenta-da-jamaica também foi avaliada em carne de frango desossada mecanicamente (MDPM) durante o armazenamento até 10 dias a 2 °C. O OE de pimenta-da-jamaica apresentou como compostos majoritários eugenol (55,52%), mirceno (22,53%) e chavicol (5,12%), e foi eficaz contra bactérias Gram-negativas (P. aeruginosa) e Gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus), tendo maior (p < 0,05) ação antimicrobiana do que seu principal componente, o eugenol. Nos ensaios antioxidantes in vitro, o OE de pimenta-da-jamaica apresentou maior atividade sequestrante de radicais (90% versus 65%) do que o eugenol, apresentando valores menores de IC50 (2,71 versus 9,49 µg/mL), mas a atividade antioxidante pelas substâncias reativas ao ácido 2-tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) não diferiu (p > 0,05) do antioxidante sintético butil-hidroxitolueno (BHT). A incorporação de OE de pimenta-da-jamaica no MDPM suprimiu a oxidação lipídica durante oito dias de armazenamento refrigerado, independentemente da quantidade utilizada, exibindo valores de TBARS menores (p < 0,05) durante todo o período de armazenamento do que o MDPM sem OE. O OE de folhas de pimenta-da-jamaica apresentou alto potencial antioxidante para ser utilizado em MDPM e também pode contribuir com um efeito antimicrobiano para o produto em que o MDPM é utilizado.