Constitutional genomic imbalances are known to cause malformations, disabilities, neurodevelopmental delay, and dysmorphia and can lead to dysfunctions in the cell cycle. In extremely rare genetic conditions such as small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC), it is important to understand the cellular consequences of this extra marker, as well the factors that contribute to their maintenance or elimination through successive cell cycles and phenotypic impact. The study of chromosomal mosaicism provides a natural model to characterize the effect of aneuploidy on genome stability and compare cells with the same genetic background and environment exposure, but differing in the presence of sSMC. Here, we report the functional characterization of different cell lines from two familial patients with mosaic sSMC derived from chromosome 12. We performed studies of proliferation dynamics, stability, and variability of these cells using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), and conventional staining. We also quantified the telomere-related genomic instability of sSMC cells using 3D telomeric profile analysis by quantitative-FISH. sSMC cells exhibited differences in the cell cycle dynamics compared to normal cells. First, the sSMC cells exhibited lower proliferation index and higher frequency of SCE than normal cells, associated with a higher level of chromosomal instability. Second, sSMC cells exhibited more telomeric-related genomic instability. Lastly, the differences of sSMC cells distribution among tissues could explain different phenotypic repercussions observed in patients. These results will help in our understanding of the sSMC stability, maintenance during cell cycle, and the cell cycle variables involved in the different phenotypic manifestations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils on enterobacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry fecal samples in the cloaca from 49 laying hens. To analyze the antimicrobial sensibility an agar diffusion susceptibility test was performed and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericida Concentration (MBC) of Lippia origanoides and Lippia rotundifolia essential oils was determined. The concentrations used were 160, 80 and 40 μL/mL. The L. origanoides essential oil showed antimicrobial effect from 40 μL/mL dose against both microorganisms, with larger efficiency in E. coli. The L.rotundifolia essential oil was more efficient at the concentration of 160μL/mL. Its effect was observed in all microorganisms. These results suggest that L. origanoides oil is more effective than L. rotundifolia oil in inhibiting the growth of microorganism isolated from poultry, although it also has a satisfactory antimicrobial effect. Results indicate the potential use of these plant's essential oils in poultry feed as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial products.

Objetivou-se no trabalho avaliar a ação antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides frente à isolados de Staphylococcus sp. de alimentos de origem animal. Para tanto, realizou-se análise química da composição do óleo, teste de sensibilidade das bactérias frente a dez antibióticos de uso terapêutico e ao óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides, além da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e da concentração bactericida mínima (CBM). A análise cromatográfica do óleo apresentou o timol como composto majoritário (48,70%), além de pequena quantidade de carvacrol (1,14%). No teste de sensibilidade frente aos antibióticos, 75% dos isolados apresentaram resistência a, no mínimo, três antibióticos. Em relação ao óleo essencial, os isolados de Staphylococcus sp oriundos de leite bovino mostraram-se mais resistentes e os isolados de carne ovina apresentaram-se mais sensíveis. A CIM foi maior para os Staphylococcus sp. isolados de leite bovino e leite ovino (60µL/mL). Enquanto que para os isolados de carcaça de ovinos e queijo, a CIM foi de 15µL/mL e 30µL/mL respectivamente. A CBM, consequentemente, foi maior para os isolados de leite bovino e leite ovino, sendo de 240µL/mL e 120µL/mL respectivamente. O óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides apresenta atividade antimicrobiana sobre Staphylococcus sp. isolados de alimentos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Lippia origanoides in relation to Staphylococcus sp. isolated from food of animal origin. For this purpose, we performed the chemical analysis to determine the oil composition, evaluated the bacteria sensibility to ten antibiotics of therapeutic use and determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The chromatographic analysis showed that tymol was the main compound (48.70%) and that carvacrol was present in a small amount (1.14%). In the test of antibiotic susceptibility, 75% of the microorganism isolates were resistant to at least three of the ten antibiotics tested. The Staphylococcus sp isolated from bovine milk was more resistant to the essential oil of Lippia origanoides, and the microorganism isolated from sheep meat was more susceptible to this oil. The Staphylococcus sp. isolated from bovine or sheep milk showed a MIC of 60µL/mL and for those isolated from sheep carcass and cheese the MIC was 15µL/mL and 30µL/mL, respectively. Consequently, the MBC was higher for isolates from cow's (240µL/mL) and sheep's milk (120µL/mL) when compared with other food sources. These results suggest that the essential oil of Lippia origanoides has antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus sp. isolated from food.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de quatro níveis de adubação orgânica (0, 3, 6, e 9 kg m-2) na produção de óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenacea) e de suas pragas. Observou-se maior número de ácaro vermelho Tetranychus sp. (Acari: Tetranychiidae) na face inferior das folhas dos terços medianos e basais das plantas de L. sidoides com oito semanas de idade cultivadas com 6 kg m-2 de adubo orgânico. Por outro lado, a menor quantidade deste ácaro foi notada na testemunha (0 kg m-2). L. sidoides cultivada com 6 kg m-2 de adubo orgânico produziu maior quantidade de óleo essencial. Observou-se maior número de cochonilhas Phenacoccus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) nas folhas apicais, sem distinção de face foliar, das plantas de L. sidoides com nove e 10 semanas de idade cultivadas com 3 kg m-2 de adubo orgânico. Não se detectou efeito significativo de adubo orgânico sobre Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Contudo, observou-se maior número desse pulgão bem como de seu predador Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) nas faces abaxiais das folhas basais das plantas de L. sidoides com oito semanas de idade. A dose de adubo orgânico recomendada para produção de óleo essencial de L. sidoides é de 6 kg m-2. Contudo, essa dosagem favorece o ataque de Tetranychus sp. e, quando necessário, deve-se dirigir a pulverização sempre para a face inferior da folha, local preferencial de ataque dos artrópodes.

The objective of this paper was to study the effect of four levels of organic fertilization (0, 3, 6 and 9 kg m-2) to produce the essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenacea) and its pests. A higher number of red mite Tetranychus sp. (Acari: Tetranychiidae) was observed on the abaxial face of the median and basal leaves of L. sidoides plants with eight weeks of age cultivated with 6 kg m-2 of organic fertilization. On the other hand, the smallest number of this mite was noted in control (0 kg m-2). L. sidoides cultivated with 6 kg m-2 of organic fertilization produced a greater quantity of essential oil. The highest number of mealy bug Phenacoccus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was observed on the apical leaves (both leaf surfaces) of L. sidoides plants with nine and ten weeks of age cultivated with 3 kg m-2 of organic fertilization. No significant effect of the organic fertilization on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was detected. However, a greater number of this aphid and of its predator Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) was observed on the abaxial face of the bottom leaves of L. sidoides plants with eight weeks of age. The dose of organic fertilization recommended for the production of essential oil of L. Sidoides is 6 kg m-2, however, one must pay attention to the fact this dosage favors the attack by Tetranychus sp.. And, when needed, pulverization must always be directed to the lower surface of the leaf.

A exploração desenfreada dos ecossistemas tropicais, principalmente o Cerrado, tem provocado uma redução nos indivíduos de inúmeras espécies medicinais, levando prejuízos para toda a população. A falta de informações sobre o extrativismo tem dificultado o uso de estratégias eficazes de manejo e conservação das espécies do cerrado. A fava-d'anta é uma dessas espécies nativas que possuem potencial econômico, principalmente devido à rutina, que é usada na fabricação de fármacos e de cosméticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os aspectos da atividade de coleta da fava-d'anta pelos coletores e comerciantes. Realizou-se entrevista estruturada com 61 extrativistas, sendo 44 coletores e 17 comerciantes em oito municípios do Norte de Minas Gerais. Constatou-se que a maioria dos entrevistados são homens casados, analfabetos ou com a primeira etapa do ensino fundamental. A coleta da fava-d'anta, apesar de pouco rentável, é uma alternativa para os coletores, sendo a renda inferior à dos comerciantes que já estão nesta atividade de compra da fava-d'anta há mais de 10 anos. A faixa etária de adulto e adulto/idoso são as mais representativas. A época de maior produção ocorre entre os meses de abril a julho, a bienalidade da produção leva à mudança do local de extração. Observou-se o auxílio de toda a família na atividade. Utiliza-se como instrumento de coleta o podão, a foice, facões e outras ferramentas que danificam as árvores. A maior dificuldade para os coletores é a secagem e, para os comerciantes, a venda. O plantio ou a produção de mudas não tem sido prática habitual dos entrevistados.

The uncontrolled exploitation of tropical ecosystems, especially Cerrado, has caused a reduction in individuals of many medicinal plant species, causing damage to the entire population. The lack of information about extraction has hindered the use of effective strategies for management and conservation of Cerrado species. "Fava-d'anta" is one of those native species that have economic potential, largely due to rutin, which is used in the preparation of drugs and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to analyze aspects of the activity of "fava-d'anta" harvest by harvesters and traders. We conducted a structured interview with 61 gatherers, 44 harvesters and 17 traders in eight counties in northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Most of them are men who are married and illiterate or had just studied the first stage of basic education. Although little profitable, "fava-d'anta" harvest is an alternative for harvesters, who obtain an income lower than that of traders, who in turn have been trading "fava-d'anta" for more than 10 years. The age range of adults and aged/adults are most representative. The period of greatest production is between April and July, and the 2 year production cycle leads to a change in the extraction site. The whole family helps in the extraction. The instruments used for harvest are trimmers, sickles, machetes and other tools that damage the trees. The greatest difficulty for collectors is seed drying and for traders, selling. The planting or the production of seedlings has not been the usual practice of interviewees.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a massa fresca, massa seca e rendimento de óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides cultivada no Norte de Minas. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por intervalos de colheita: 120, 180, 240, 300 e 360 dias após o transplantio. Em cada colheita, foram determinados a altura das plantas, o diâmetro da base do caule, o rendimento de matéria fresca de folhas, caule, parte aérea e o rendimento de matéria seca da parte aérea, além do teor e rendimento de óleo essencial por planta. O teor máximo de óleo essencial foi detectado aos 180 dias, enquanto que a produção máxima de matéria seca ocorreu aos 329 dias. A produção de óleo essencial por planta foi 2,34±1,15 g. A produtividade de óleo essencial foi de 124,8 kg ha-1, sendo recomendada a colheita aos 180 dias.

The aim of this study was to evaluate fresh and dry mass, as well as essential oil yield, in Lippia sidoides cultivated in the north of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replicates. Treatments consisted of the following harvesting intervals: 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 days after transplanting. Measurements on each harvesting included plant height, stem base diameter, leaf, stem and shoot fresh matter yield, and shoot dry matter yield, besides essential oil content and yield per plant. The highest essential oil content was detected at 180 days, whereas the highest dry matter production was observed at 390 days. Essential oil yield per plant was 2.34±1.15 g and productivity was 124.8 kg ha-1. Thus, harvesting at 180 days is recommended.

A espécie Lippia sidoides (Verbenaceae) é conhecida no Brasil como alecrim-pimenta, um arbusto típico da vegetação do nordeste brasileiro. Este trabalho foi realizado no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da UFMG, em Montes Claros, Brasil, com a finalidade de estudar a propagação vegetativa do alecrim-pimenta em leito de enraizamento com umidade controlada. Estacas da planta foram submetidas às seguintes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (IBA): 0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000 mg L-1 durante 24 horas. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com cinco repetições, sendo dez estacas por repetição. Após 45 dias de implantação foram avaliados o número de raízes, o número de brotações, o comprimento da maior raiz, o índice de enraizamento e a porcentagem de enraizamento. Observou-se que as variáveis comprimento de raiz, número de raízes e índice de enraizamento apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as diversas concentrações de IBA. No entanto, a porcentagem de enraizamento não foi afetada significativamente, provavelmente pelo controle da umidade relativa e pela manutenção das folhas das estacas.

The species Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) is known in Brazil as "alecrim-pimenta", a typical shrub from the Northeastern Brazil vegetation. This work was carried out in the Agronomical Sciences Institute from Minas Gerais State University (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in order to study the vegetative propagation of this species in rooting bed under controlled humidity. Herbaceous cuttings were treated with the following concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA): 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg L-1 for 24 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) with five replicates of 10 cuttings each. After 45 days, root and sprout numbers, the highest root length, and rooting index and percentage were evaluated. Root length and number and rooting index had significant differences among IBA concentrations. However, rooting percentage was not significantly affected, probably due to the control of relative humidity and the maintenance of cuttings from leaves.