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ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated, through physical and physiological tests, the seed quality of a landrace fava bean variety in different packaging materials and storage periods, aiming to guarantee the conservation of their quality in seed banks and facilities. The methodology used was the one recommended by the Rules for Seed Analysis (RAS - Brasil, 2009) and minimum descriptors for Phaseolus lunatus L. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F-test at 5% signififance to verify the presence of significant interactions and the individual effects of each treatment. The test of multiple comparison of means was performed by the Tukey test at 5% significance between common treatments. The Dunnett test was used at 5% significance to compare the control means with the means of the treatments. Regression analysis was performed to study the effect of storage on the variables evaluated. All analyses were performed using the R software. From the results, it can be concluded that the storage of fava bean seeds is viable in small rural properties in impermeable packaging materials and aluminized polyethylene bags. The germination and vigor of the seeds analyzed in this study decreased throughout the storage period regardless of the type of packaging used. It is not recommended to store fava bean seeds in permeable paper packaging as they have the lowest quality indices (germination and vigor) at the end of the storage period.

RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar por meio de testes físicos e fisiológicos a qualidade das sementes de uma variedade crioula de feijão-fava em diferentes embalagens. (1 -Embalagem cartonada mista composta por camadas de plástico, papel cartão e folha de alumínio impermeável- CN; 2- garrafa plástica semipermeável - PET;3- Pote plástico rígido impermeável - PEAD; 4- pote de vidro transparente quebrável impermeável - VIDRO; 5- saco plástico flexível impermeável PEBD aluminizado; 6- saco de papel permeável) e períodos de armazenamento de (90, 180, 270 e 360 dias), visando garantir a conservação da qualidade delas em casas e bancos de sementes. A metodologia utilizada foi a preconizada pelas Regras de Análise de Sementes (RAS - Brasil, 2009) e por descritores mínimos para Phaseolus lunatus L. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo teste F ao nível de 5 %, afim de verificar a presença de interação significativa e dos efeitos simples de cada tratamento. Foi realizado o teste de comparação múltipla das médias pelos testes Tukey ao nível de 5 % de significância entre os tratamentos comuns. Para comparar as médias da testemunha com os tratamentos comuns recorreu-se ao teste Dunnett ao nível de 5 % de significância. Para estudar o efeito do armazenamento sobre as variáveis avaliadas foi feita a análise de regressão. Todas as análises foram feitas com o auxílio do R por meio de programação. Pelos resultados, pode-se concluir que o armazenamento de sementes de feijão-fava: é viável em pequenas propriedades rurais em embalagem impermeável; saco de polietileno aluminizada. A germinação e o vigor das sementes analisadas diminuíram ao longo do período de armazenamento, independentemente do tipo de embalagem utilizada. Não é recomendado armazenar sementes de feijão-fava em embalagens permeáveis de papel por apresentaram os menores índices de qualidade (germinação e vigor) ao final do período de armazenamento.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210774

Endo-β-mannanase and superoxide dismutase as enzymatic markers for lettuce seeds thermotolerance
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Cavasin, Pedro Yuri

; Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos

; Oliveira, Thaísa Fernanda

; Pereira, Joyce Aparecida

; Gama, André Boscolo Nogueira da

; Pereira, Wilson Vicente Souza

Journal of Seed Science

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2023, Volumen 45 elocation e202345008

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract: At higher temperatures, lettuce seeds may not germinate, resulting in problems for crop establishment in the field and production. This study aimed to evaluate the maternal effect for thermotolerance on lettuce seeds and find enzymatic markers. We used the thermoinhibition tolerant cultivar ‘Everglades’, the sensitive ‘Verônica’, their reciprocal hybrids, F1 and F2 generation. Seeds were submitted to germination and enzymatic tests (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and endo- β-mannanase). Germination (first and final counting) and speed index were compared through Tukey’s test. ‘Everglades’ and its reciprocal hybrids, have not been influenced by temperature regarding germination compared to the other treatments. Also, the maternal effect was observed for the F1 generation. Higher temperatures interfere with the activity of all enzymes evaluated, consequently in the physiological parameters. However, superoxide dismutase and endo- β-mannanase have shown direct and more expressive correlation with changes on the physiological parameters compared to the other enzymes. Thus, it is possible to conclude that those enzymes can be used as markers for thermotolerant genotype selection.

Resumo: Sob altas temperaturas, sementes de alface não germinam, resultando em problemas para o estabelecimento da cultura em condição de campo. Esse trabalho analisou a possibilidade de presença de efeito maternal na termotolerância em sementes de alface e buscou marcadores enzimáticos para tal. Usaram-se as cultivares Everglades (tolerante) e ‘Verônica’ (sensível), bem como seus híbridos recíprocos e a geração F2. As sementes foram analisadas quanto à germinação, bem como atividade enzimática (catalase, superóxido dismutase, ascorbato peroxidase e endo-β-mananase). O percentual de germinação; (primeira contagem e final), bem como a velocidade (IVG) foram analisados por meio de ANOVA e teste de Tukey. A cultivar Everglades e seus híbridos recíprocos não foram influenciados pela germinação em alta temperatura quando comparados com os outros tratamentos. Além disso, o efeito maternal foi observado na geração F1. Altas temperaturas interferem na atividade de todas as enzimas analisadas nesta pesquisa, consequentemente também nos parâmetros fisiológicos. Contudo, a superóxido dismutase e a endo-β-mananase tiveram suas variações altamente correlacionadas com as mudanças nos parâmetros fisiológicos. O presente trabalho evidenciou o efeito materno para a termotolerância em sementes de alface, bem como o uso da superóxido dismutase e endo-β-mananase como marcadores enzimáticos para tal característica.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v45266112

PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC
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Gutierrez, Ariel T.

; Tabora, Adrian R.

; Gama, Jaymark L.

Journal of Physical Education

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2023, Volumen 34 elocation e3411

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT This paper reports on a study that investigated the experiences of 25 physical education (PE) teachers from public and private schools in Angeles City, Philippines, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that many PE teachers encountered various challenges and were hesitant and unconfident about teaching PE during the pandemic. Additionally, many PE teachers were given non-teaching assignments and responsibilities, which added to their workload. The study highlights the importance of equipping teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge to adapt to the new teaching and learning modalities during the pandemic and providing support for PE teachers during this challenging time. The paper concludes by suggesting that future research could investigate the specific strategies and approaches that have been most effective in helping PE teachers overcome the challenges they face in teaching during the pandemic and the long-term effects of the pandemic on the teaching and learning of physical education.

RESUMO Este artigo investigou as experiências de 25 professores de educação física (EF) de escolas públicas e privadas em Angeles City, Filipinas, durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O estudo constatou que muitos professores de educação física enfrentaram vários desafios, hesitaram e ficaram inseguros em ensinar educação física durante a pandemia. Além disso, muitos professores de educação física receberam atribuições e responsabilidades não pedagógicas, o que aumentou sua carga de trabalho. O estudo destaca a importância de equipar os professores com as habilidades e conhecimentos necessários para se adaptar às novas modalidades de ensino e aprendizagem durante a pandemia e fornecer suporte aos professores de EF durante esse período desafiador. O artigo conclui sugerindo que pesquisas futuras poderiam investigar as estratégias e abordagens específicas que têm sido mais eficazes para ajudar os professores de educação física a superar os desafios que enfrentam no ensino durante a pandemia e os efeitos de longo prazo da pandemia no ensino e aprendizagem de atividades físicas

https://doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v34i1.3411

Scientific diving in Brazil: history, present and perspectives
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Leite, Tatiana S.

; Pinheiro, Igor E.

; Berchez, Flávio

; Bertoncini, Áthila A.

; Cima, Oswaldo M. Del

; Demetrescu, Irene E.

; Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B.

; Kikuchi, Ruy K.P

; Machado, Arthur A.

; Maia-Nogueira, Rodrigo

; Martins, Flavio L.

; Mendes, Liana F.

; Rambelli, Gilson

; Sampaio, Claudio L.S.

; Segal, Barbara

; Aguiar, Aline A.

; Auler, Augusto S.

; Barroco-Neto, José

; Bonaldo, Roberta M.

; Buchmann, Francisco S.

; Calippo, Flavio

; Cesar, Augusto

; Gama, Matheus A.C.

; Ghilardi-Lopes, Natalia

; Leão, Zelinda M.A.N.

; Lessa, Guilherme C.

; Menegola, Carla

; Pinheiro, Hudson T.

; Rocha, Luiz A.

; Sabino, José

; Seoane, José C.S.

; Sestokas, Julia

; Tiago, Cláudio C.

; Wegner, Ewerton

; Lotufo, Tito

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volumen 71 elocation e23045

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Scientific diving (SD) is defined as any diving activity that applies scientific procedures to produce subsidies for studies and technical works in underwater environments. The first report of an underwater scientific study in Brazil dates to the 19th century, in the Abrolhos reefs. Currently, in Brazil, scientific diving has been performed in various areas, from shallow coastal regions to remote and sometimes hard-to-reach places, such as oceanic islands, flooded caves, and icy areas like Antarctica. However, the regulation of SD in Brazil still lacks more concrete actions towards an effective and efficient self-regulation that offers physical safety to practitioners and institutional safeguards for organizations that use it in their research projects. Thus, this article aims to contribute to a better understanding of this critical issue in Brazil and to serve as a reference and incentive for the training of professionals and the development of these activities in the country. It includes: 1) a historical review of SD; 2) a diagnosis of the training and application of SD in Brazil; 3) the evolution of marine sciences in Brazil from the perspective of SD; 4) a review of the use of environmental assessment and underwater conservation techniques in oceans and internal waters; 5) an analysis of the evolution of scientific diver training in Brazil, including a diagnosis on training; 6) the history and updates of the rules, regulations, and safety of SD. Given all the potential of diving combined with specific techniques for research, monitoring, and marine and limnic science in Brazil, we aim to understand the evolution of scientific diving teaching and to outline perspectives in the country, as it is crucial for the training of qualified scientists capable of performing these underwater tasks. Finally, we present future plans for the development of this activity in Brazil from the point of view of research and the labor market.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.23036tsl

Ecophysiological aspects of the germination of Physalis angulata L. seeds
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Santiago, Willen R.

; Gama, Juliana S. N.

; Benedito, Clarisse P.

; Sousa, Emerson de M.

; Torres, Salvador B.

Revista Caatinga

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2023, Volumen 36 Nº 4 Paginas 980 - 987

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae), known as ‘camapu’, has pharmacological and agroindustrial potentials, but information on the ecophysiological aspects that influence germination is scarce. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the expression of the physiological potential of P. angulata seeds as a function of the maturation stage, temperature, substrate and light condition. Four experiments were conducted: in the first, the maturation stages (green calyx + fruit, yellow calyx + fruit and light brown calyx + fruit) were evaluated at temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C, separately; in the second, the interaction between the temperatures of 35, 40 and 45 °C and types of substrate (on paper, between paper and between vermiculite) was tested in a 3x3 factorial scheme (temperatures as the first factor and types of substrates as the second factor); in the third experiment, the effect of light (absence of light, white light, red and far-red light) was evaluated; and, in the fourth, increasing values of photoperiods (0, 8, 12 and 16 hours) were used. In all experiments, the design was completely randomized with four replicates of 50 seeds. Analysis of the results showed that there was no interaction between the temperatures and the substrates tested, demonstrating the isolated action of the factors. P. angulata seeds expressed better physiological potential when the calyx and fruit are yellow. In the germination test, the seeds should be sown between paper towels, under temperature of 35 °C and absence of light.

RESUMO Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae), conhecida por camapu, possui potenciais farmacológico e agroindustrial, porém são escassas as informações sobre os aspectos ecofisiológicos que influenciam a germinação. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a expressão do potencial fisiológico de sementes de P. angulata em função do estádio de maturação, temperatura, substrato e condição luminosa. Para isso, conduziram-se quatro experimentos: no primeiro, avaliou-se os estádios de maturação (cálice + fruto verdes, cálice + fruto amarelos e cálice + fruto marrom-claros) nas temperaturas de 25; 30 e 35 °C, separadamente; no segundo, testouse a interação entre as temperaturas 35; 40 e 45°C e tipos de substrato (sobre papel, entre papel e entre vermiculita) em esquema fatorial 3x3 (sendo o primeiro fato as temperaturas e o segundo os tipos de substratos); no terceiro experimento, avaliou-se o efeito da luz (ausência de luz, luz branca, luz na frequência do vermelho e do vermelho-distante); e, no quarto, utilizaram-se valores crescentes de fotoperíodos (0; 8; 12 e 16 horas). Em todos os experimentos o delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Na análise dos resultados foi visto que não houve interação entre as temperaturas e os substratos testados, demonstrando a atuação isolada dos fatores. As sementes de P. angulata expressaram melhor potencial fisiológico quando o cálice e o fruto estão amarelos. No teste de germinação, as sementes devem ser semeadas entre papel toalha, sob a temperatura de 35 °C e ausência de luz.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n425rc

Cascade Modeling of the Measuring System Used to Assess S-Parameters of Anchor Rods on Power Transmission Lines Guyed Towers
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Tarragô, V. L.

; Melo, M. T. de

; Novo, Lauro R. G. S. Lourenço

; Barbosa, Douglas C. P.

; Coutinho, Marcelo. S.

; de Medeiros, Luiz H. A.

; Alves, Marcelo M.

; dos Santos, Renan G. M.

; Lott Neto, Henrique B. D. T.

; Gama, Paulo H. R. P.

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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Mar 2022, Volumen 21 Nº 1 Paginas 35 - 47

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The structural condition of the cable-stayed towers anchorage on power transmission lines requires constant monitoring. Maintenance routines must be able to identify faulty anchor rods and substitute them to avoid tower collapses and power delivery interruptions. Modern statistical diagnostic systems based on machine learning requires the generation of several distinct rod sample signals to be trained, which is a time-consuming process in typical electromagnetic solvers. Aiming to generate samples in a feasible time span, this paper presents a modeling strategy based on the cascade analysis of the transmission line composed by the anchor and the reference rods, interconnected by a dedicated high-frequency connector. Each distinct transmission line part is modeled by a quadrupole as a partial ABCD matrix. The complete response for each experimental setup is obtained from the cascaded-multiplying of the partial matrices. The proposed modeling proved to be accurate and provides a faster way to obtain the S-parameters from distinct faulty rods if compared to the traditional methodologies using electromagnetic tools.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742022v21i1253757

Cannabinoid receptor gene polymorphisms and cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia and controls
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Ferretjans, Rodrigo

; de Souza, Renan P.

; Panizzutti, Bruna

; Ferrari, Pâmela

; Mantovani, Lucas

; de Campos-Carli, Salvina M.

; Santos, Rafael R.

; Guimarães, Fernanda C.

; Teixeira, Antonio L.

; Gama, Clarissa S.

; Salgado, João V.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Feb 2022, Volumen 44 Nº 1 Paginas 26 - 34

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objective: To test the hypothesis that genetic variations of cannabinoid receptors contribute to the pathophysiology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Methods: In this genetic association case-control study, cannabinoid receptor polymorphisms CNR1 rs12720071 and CNR2 rs2229579 were tested for association with neurocognitive performance in 69 patients with schizophrenia and 45 healthy controls. Neurocognition was assessed by the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Results: We found a consistent association between CNR1 rs12720071 polymorphism and the cognitive performance of patients in several cognitive domains. Patients with C/C polymorphism presented significantly worse performance in motor speed, verbal fluency, attention/processing speed and reasoning/problem solving. Conclusion: Although limited, our data support the hypothesis that CNR1 variations may be associated with the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1650

Fattening performance and carcass characteristics of lambs supplemented with condensed tannins from Acacia mearnsii extract
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García-Salas, A.

; Bárcena-Gama, J.R.

; Hernández-Sánchez, D.

; Cobos-Peralta, M.A.

; González-Muñoz, S.S.

; Vaquera-Huerta, H.

; Arias-Margarito, L.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2022, Volumen 52 Nº 4 Paginas 498 - 505

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Tannins are polyphenolic compounds with some beneficial properties for ruminants as they act as antioxidants, antimicrobials, and anthelmintics, which may improve animal performance. However, the results are variable, depending on the type, source, and dose. The objective of this research was to determine the effect on fattening performance and carcass characteristics of lambs supplemented with condensed tannins (CTs) from Acacia mearnsii extract. Thirty-six, three-month-old Dorset x Hampshire cross lambs of 20.8 ± 3.3 kg live weight were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments (n = 9), namely T1: basal diet, 0.0 g CT/kg DM-1; T2: T1 + 1.75 g CT/kg DM-1; T3: T1 + 3.5 g CT/kg DM-1; and T4: T1 + 5.25 g CT/kg DM-1. The daily weight gain was higher in T2 and T3 than in T1. The weight at slaughter and empty weight at slaughter were higher in T2 than in T1. The hot carcass weight was higher in T3 than in T1, but no different from T2 or T4. The hot carcass yield was higher in T3 than in the other treatments. The meat pH at slaughter and 24 hours postmortem was higher in T4 than in T1 and the meat protein percentage was higher in T3 than in T1. The inclusion of CTs from Acacia mearnsii extract in the diet of fattening lambs increased their daily weight gain, yield, and carcass weight.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i4.10

Selection of superior sweet potato genotypes for human consumption via mixed models
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Costa, Ariana Lemes da

; Andrade Júnior, Valter Carvalho de

; Gama, André Boscolo Nogueira da

; Silva, Eduardo Alves da

; Brito, Orlando Gonçalves

; Silva, Jeferson Carlos de Oliveira

; Bueno Filho, Júlio Sílvio de Sousa

Bragantia

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2022, Volumen 81 elocation e4122

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The growing consumer demand for sweet potato roots results in the need for genotypes with higher yields and better root quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to agronomically evaluate sweet potato genotypes via mixed models to select superior genotypes for human consumption and predict their selection gains. The study had a partially balanced triple lattice design with three replicates. As treatments, 92 sweet potato genotypes from the Universidade Federal de Lavras germplasm bank selected in the first selection cycle were evaluated along with eight controls, namely, Brazlândia Roxa, Princesa, Uruguaiana, BRS Amélia, Beauregard, UFVJM-57, UFVJM-58, and UFVJM-61. The treatments were ranked by the mixed linear model via restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). We highlighted the 15 best genotypes for each agronomic trait, then identified the best ones overall considering all quantitative and qualitative traits. High heritability was found for the trait commercial root yield (56.31%). For all traits, there were selection gains relative to the population mean. The use of mixed models was efficient for the selection of superior sweet potato genotypes. The genotypes 2018-19-464, 2018-72-1409, 2018-72-1428, 2018-19-443, 2018-36-807, 2018-72-1418, 2018-19-455, 2018-72-1376, 2018-54-1137, 2018-54-1114, 2018-65-1249, and 2018-28-556 have good traits related to commercial root yield and root quality and may be recommended for human consumption.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220075

10.

Assessment of the tolerance of soybean seeds to weathering deterioration in the pre-harvest phase by multivariate analysis
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Pinheiro, Daniel Teixeira

; Dias, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos

; Silva, José Maria da

; Gama, Guilherme Fontes Valory

; León, Manuel Jesús Zavala

; Silva, Laércio Junio da

Journal of Seed Science

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2022, Volumen 44 elocation e202244035

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: A deterioração por umidade na fase de pré-colheita prejudica a obtenção de sementes de soja de alta qualidade. Em seleção de genótipos, é comum a realização de vários testes para inferir sobre qualidade de sementes, sendo que a estatística multivariada pode auxiliar nas interpretações. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência dos métodos de estatística multivariada de componentes principais (PCA) e discriminantes canônicos (CDA) na avaliação da tolerância de sementes de diferentes cultivares de soja à deterioração por umidade na fase de pré-colheita, em condições de casa de vegetação. Foram produzidas sementes de seis cultivares de soja (DM 6563, BMX Apolo, BMX Potência, NA 5909, NS 5959 e TMG 1175). Na fase de pré-colheita, foram aplicados diferentes níveis de precipitação simulada (0, 60, 120 e 180 mm). As sementes foram colhidas e avaliadas quanto a análises fisiológicas, físicas e bioquímicas e os dados obtidos foram analisados pelas técnicas PCA e CDA. Os resultados mostraram que a PCA e a CDA são eficientes para avaliação da tolerância à deterioração por umidade em sementes de soja. Na pré-seleção de genótipos para essa característica, a PCA e a CDA auxiliaram na recomendação dos testes de primeira contagem de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, tetrazólio, porcentagem de sementes com enrugamento no tegumento, teor de proteínas e atividade da protease. A PCA e a CDA também auxiliaram na identificação das cultivares DM 6563 e BMX Potência como mais suscetíveis e as cultivares NA 5909 e TMG 1175 como mais tolerantes à deterioração por umidade na fase de pré-colheita.

Abstract: Weathering deterioration in the pre-harvest phase impairs high-quality soybean seed production. The performance of several tests to infer seed quality is common in genotype selection, and multivariate statistics can assist in the interpretations. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of the principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) multivariate statistical methods in assessing the tolerance of seeds of different soybean cultivars to weathering deterioration in the pre-harvest phase under greenhouse conditions. Seeds of six soybean cultivars (DM 6563, BMX Apolo, BMX Potência, NA 5909, NS 5959, and TMG 1175) were produced. Different simulated precipitation levels (0, 60, 120, and 180 mm) were applied in the pre-harvest phase. The seeds were collected and assessed for physiological, physical, and biochemical analyses and the data were analyzed by PCA and CDA techniques. The results showed that PCA and CDA are efficient for assessing the tolerance to weathering deterioration in soybean seeds. PCA and CDA assisted in the recommendation of the tests first germination count, accelerated aging, tetrazolium, percentage of seeds with seed coat wrinkling, protein content, and protease activity in the pre-selection of genotypes for weathering deterioration. PCA and CDA also helped to identify the cultivars DM 6563 and BMX Potência as more susceptible and NA 5909 and TMG 1175 as more tolerant to weathering deterioration in the pre-harvest phase.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v44263001

11.

Post-fire dynamics of tree vegetation in forests with and without a history of selective logging in the Eastern Amazon
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COSTA, DANIELE L. DA

; DIAS, ANDREA N.

; FIGUEIREDO FILHO, AFONSO

; GAMA, JOÃO RICARDO V.

; ANDRADE, DÁRLISON F.C. DE

; AGUIAR, DIEGO R.

; SANTOS, MISAEL F. DOS

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volumen 94 Supl. 4 elocation e20200994

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Worldwide, forests are susceptible to fire. Forests with fire and selective logging interactions require monitoring and evaluation. This study evaluated the phytosociology and dynamics of tree vegetation in a disturbed forest (DF) and an undisturbed forest (UF) in selective logging areas affected by fire, in the Brazilian East Amazon. All trees with DBH ≥ 5 cm were measured and identified botanically in 93 plots (5 X 50 m) in the DF area and 58 plots (5 X 50 m) in the UF area, in 2010 (before logging), 2011, 2015 and 2017 (two years after the fire). Analysis of species and tree composition, diversity, similarity, mortality and recruitment were carried out. The fire affected the DF and UF areas in a similar proportion in terms of trees loss and basal area, intensifying the mortality rate. In the short term (2 years), the fire did not cause a significant reduction in species diversity, but there was a tendency towards a similarity loss in species composition in the area disturbed by logging. Subsequent assessments are necessary to understand the forest’s recovery mechanisms.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220200994

12.

The methodology of the electrical conductivity test for Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds
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Silva, Ingrid M. H. de L. e

; Silva, Givanildo Z. da

; Coelho, Mirelle V.

; Gama, Gabriela F.

; Silva, Amalia A. S.

; Machado, Carla G.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Ago 2021, Volumen 25 Nº 8 Paginas 553 - 559

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O teste de condutividade elétrica destaca-se por gerar respostas rápidas para diferenciação de lotes, no entanto, necessita-se de estudos visando o aprimoramento desta prática em sementes de cártamo. Objetivou-se verificar a eficiência e estabelecer metodologia do teste de condutividade elétrica para sementes de cártamo. Inicialmente, 12 lotes foram caracterizados quanto às propriedades físicas e potencial fisiológico. Para condutividade elétrica, o experimento foi efetuado em três etapas com os 12 lotes: primeiro determinou-se o período de embebição (2, 4, 6, 8, e 16 horas), em seguida avaliou-se o volume (50, 75, 100, 150 e 200 mL) e por fim determinou-se a quantidade de sementes (25 e 50). O teste de condutividade elétrica utilizando 25 sementes embebidas em 50 mL de água destilada no período de seis horas possibilita a diferenciação de lotes de sementes de cártamo. A análise multivariada dos componentes principais é eficiente na discriminação do vigor de lotes de sementes de cártamo.

ABSTRACT The electrical conductivity test stands out for generating quick responses for lot differentiation; however, studies are needed to improve this practice in safflower seeds. This study aimed to verify the efficiency and establish a methodology of the electrical conductivity test for safflower seeds. Initially, 12 lots were characterized regarding physical properties and physiological potential. For electrical conductivity, the experiment was carried out in three stages with the 12 lots: firstly, the soaking period was determined (2, 4, 6, 8, and 16 hours), then the volume was evaluated (50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 mL), and finally the number of seeds (25 and 50 seeds) was determined. The electrical conductivity test using 25 seeds in 50 mL of distilled water for six hours of soaking enables the differentiation of safflower seed lots. Multivariate analysis of principal components is efficient in discriminating the vigor of safflower seed lots.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n8p553-559 395 descargas

13.

Silicon in wheat crop under water limitation and seed tolerance to water stress during germination
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Gama, Guilherme Fontes Valory

; Brum, Laryssa Bitencourt Teixeira Lima

; Martins, Maycon Silva

; Silva, Laércio Junio da

; Dias, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos

Revista Ceres

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Ago 2021, Volumen 68 Nº 4 Paginas 360 - 367

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Water stress during wheat seed germination and seedling establishment for affect the percentage and speed of germination. Silicon (Si) is related to plant tolerance to different types of stress, then the application of this nutrient in the mother plant during seed production could contribute to the improvement of the seed quality and, consequently, its tolerance to stress. The aim was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of silicon on the tolerance of wheat seeds, produced under different irrigation levels, to water stress during germination and initial seedling growth. Wheat seeds were produced under three irrigation depths (0, 50 and 100% of the total required irrigation) applied after the anthesis. The silicon was supplied in two doses by foliar application (0 and 5 mM of Si). The germination and seedling growth were performed under water stress induced by PEG 6000 at the -0.2; -0.4; -0.6 MPa osmotic potentials. In addition, in the control only distilled water was used. The reduction of the osmotic potential reduced seed germination, germination speed and seedling growth. Irrigation depths, as well as foliar application of Si, during seed production did not influence the physiological quality and tolerance of seeds to water stress during germination.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x202168040014 6 descargas

14.

Synthesis of a Homologous Series of Trialkyl Arsines (C3-C12) and Applications of Arsenic Triiodide as a Synthetic Precursor
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Ligiéro, Carolina B. P.

; Francisco, Marcos A. S.

; Gama, Michelle S.

; Carbonezi, Carlos A.

; Leocadio, Isabela C. L.

; Souza, Wladmir F. de

; Esteves, Pierre M.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Abr 2021, Volumen 32 Nº 4 Paginas 912 - 916

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This work presents some modifications in the post-synthetic processing for a classical arsenic reagent: AsI3. In comparison with the widely used analog, the trichloride, arsenic triiodide presents several advantages such as low toxicity, air stability, and low volatility. It was used as a synthetic precursor in the preparation of a variety of arsenic(III) derivatives like arsines, arsenites, and thioarsenites. Besides that, AsI3 was submitted to a diversity-oriented Grignard reaction in the preparation of a homologous series of trialkyl arsines ranging from AsC3H9 to AsC12H27. The series was analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to provide a trialkyl arsines library that can be used for the direct analysis of natural samples.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200242 160 descargas

15.

Medical Interns and COVID-19: results of national research
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Carrascosa, Maria M. C.

; Campos, Tercio de

; Sampaio, Jéssica E.

; Souza, Rafaella R. F.

; Ribeiro, Vitória L.

; Maia, Maria L. N.

; Gama, Laura C. L.

; Severino, Mariana P.

; Semer, Nathan K.

; Rondon, Otávio

; Silva, Juliana B. M.

; Miyazi, Mariana

; Domingues, Samara R.

; Batalha, Nathália E. S.

; Martins, Delio E.

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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Jun 2020, Volumen 66 Nº 6 Paginas 812 - 817

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar o impacto da Covid-19 durante o internato dos alunos de medicina em escolas públicas e particulares no Brasil, além de estimar a qualidade das medidas tomadas pelas respectivas universidades diante do agravo e da disponibilização de equipamento de proteção individual. MÉTODO Um estudo de análise quantitativa transversal, com caráter descritivo, foi realizado com 317 alunos cursando o internato médico durante o período de 31 de março de 2020 a 12 de abril de 2020. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um questionário on-line com 20 perguntas pela ferramenta SurveyMonkey. Os internos do 4o ao 6o ano das faculdades de medicina do País foram incluídos no estudo de forma randômica ao receberem a pesquisa pelo aplicativo WhatsApp. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do Qui-quadrado, considerando p<0,05 como significante. RESULTADOS Quatro temas principais foram identificados na pesquisa: dados demográficos dos alunos; como as aulas e estágios do curso estão sendo ministrados; a utilização e facilidade de aquisição do equipamento de proteção individual e medos e perspectivas futuras dos estudantes. CONCLUSÕES O estudo mostrou que apesar de metade dos alunos continuarem tendo algum grau de conteúdo e, na maioria, estarem satisfeitos, ainda há muita dificuldade em se obter equipamento de proteção individual, o que impede que os alunos retornem com segurança aos seus campos de estágio, além de causar medo de contaminação e de continuar atendendo os pacientes.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Assess the impact of COVID-19 on medical students’ internships in public and private institutions in Brasil, in addition to estimating the quality of the measures taken by their respective Universities in the face of the problem and the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE). METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative analysis study carried out with 317 students undergoing medical internship from March 31, 2020, to April 12, 2020. The survey was conducted through an online questionnaire using the SurveyMonkey tool with 20 questions. Interns from the fourth to the sixth year of medical schools in the country were randomly included in the study through a survey sent by Whatsapp application. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square, considering p <0.05 as significant. RESULTS Four main topics were identified in the research: student demographic data; how classes and courses are being taught; the use and ease of access to personal protective equipment and the students’ fears and perspectives for the future. CONCLUSION The study clarified that although half of the students still have some degree of content and, in their majority, they are satisfied, there is still a lot of difficulty in obtaining personal protective equipment, which prevents students from returning safely to their internships.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.6.812 2594 descargas

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