The objective of this study was to determine the energy values of soybean oil (SBO) and tallow (T) combined in different ratios, and to evaluate their effects on the performance, body composition, and serum lipid levels of starter broilers. In experiment I, a digestibility trial was performed to determine the energy value of the SOB and T mixtures using 100 12 - to 21 -day-old broilers. In experiment II, 930 one-day-old broilers were used. Treatments consisted of the inclusion of 4% SBO and T inclusions at the following ratios: 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0. Each treatment included six replicates. In experiment I, AME and AMEn linearly increased (P<0.01), as SBO participation in the mixture increased. In experiment II, the different lipid ratios quadratically influenced (P<0.01) body weight and weight gain at 21 days of age, increasing up to the ratio of 65.87:34.13. Serum lipids linearly decreased (P<0.05) as SOB inclusion in the diet increased. It was concluded that AME and AMEn of SBO and T at ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 were 7.882 and 7.542, 8.384 and 8.076, 8.701 and 8.385, 8.801 and 8.727, and 9.478 and 9.271 kcal/kg, respectively. The best performance with no detrimental effect on carcass yield was obtained with the mixture of 75% SBO with 25% T. The highest dietary soybean oil level reduced serum lipid levels of 21-day-old broilers.

An important number of patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) experience relapse or resistance to chemotherapy. One of the mechanisms involved in this resistance is the presence of glycoprotein P170 (gp-P 170), which results of the MDR-1 gene in leukemic cells. The objective of this article is to assess the prognostic impact of the expression of MDR-1 in a group of patients treated for AML. The expression of MDR-1 was retrospectively assessed in a cohort of 55 patients with AML, older than 16 years old, who received chemotherapy from 1990 to 2000. The presence of MDR-1/gp-P170 was evaluated on bone marrow biopsy by immunohistochemistry. A ROC curve established that an expression of > 50% of MDR-1 on blastic cells was significant for the achievement of complete remission. The expression of MDR-1+ correlated with the presence of leucocytosis (p:0.002), expression of CD34+ cells (p:0.006), less achievement of complete remission (p:0.001), more rate of relapse (p:0.02) and of non-favorable cytogenetics (p:0.02). The event-free survival was of 21.2% SE:9.3 with a follow up of 22 months for the group of MDR-1+ versus 56.4% SE 12.5 with a follow-up of 78 months for the MDR-1- group (p:0.007). It can be concluded that the expression of MDR-1 is a prognostic factor of resistance to chemotherapy. These patients present a lower rate of complete remission, a higher rate of relapse with persistence of post treatment residual disease, which produces a shorter global survival.

Una proporción importante de pacientes con leucemia mieloblástica aguda (LMA) presentan recaída o resistencia con el tratamiento. Uno de los mecanismos involucrados en la resistencia a drogas, es la presencia de la glicoproteína P 170 (gp-P 170) resultante de la expresión del gen MDR-1 sobre las células leucémicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar el impacto pronóstico de la expresión de MDR-1 en una población de pacientes tratados por LMA. Se evaluó retrospectivamente la expresión de MDR-1 en una cohorte de 55 pacientes con LMA, mayores de 16 años, que recibieron tratamiento quimioterápico desde 1990 hasta el 2000. Se evaluó sobre biopsia de médula ósea, la expresión de MDR-1/gp-P 170 por inmunohistoquímica. Mediante una curva ROC, se estableció que una expresión de MDR-1 > 50% en células blásticas, resultó significativa para el logro de remisión completa. Esta expresión de MDR-1+ correlacionó con la presencia de leucocitosis: (p:0.002), expresion de células CD34+ (p:0.006), menor tasa de remisión completa (p:0.001), mayor tasa de recaída (p:0.02) y de estudios citogenéticos no favorables (p:0.02). La SLE fue de 21.2% ES:9.3 con un seguimiento de 22 meses para el grupo MDR-1+ versus 56.4% ES:12.5 con un seguimiento de 78 meses en los casos MDR-1- (p:0.007). Se puede concluir que la expresion de MDR-1 ha demostrado ser un factor pronóstico de resistencia a la quimioterapia. Estos pacientes presentan una menor tasa de remisión completa, una mayor tasa de recaída por persistencia de enfermedad residual post-tratamiento, lo que produce una menor sobrevida global.

Nos últimos vinte anos, nosso serviço recebeu os pacientes com a suspeita de Leucemia Mielóide Aguda (LMA) provenientes de todas as regiões do estado. Entre março de 1980 e dezembro de 1999 analisamos 195 pacientes com idades superior a 12 e inferior a 70 anos, apresentando LMA "de novo" excetuando o subtipo M3. Na década de 80 foram registrados 102 pacientes: 47 homens e 55 mulheres. Destes, 84 receberam quimioterapia de indução com Citarabina e Daunorrubicina (esquema "7+3"), resultando no índice de remissão de 51% (43/84). As médias de sobrevidas livre de doença e global foram dez meses em 35% e 12 meses em 13% respectivamente. De jan/90 a dez/93 houve 41 novos diagnósticos e todos foram submetidos à quimioterapia com esquema "7+3" atingindo a taxa de 66% de remissão. As sobrevidas livre de doença e global foram estatisticamente (p<0.001) superiores com 17,6 meses em 41% e 22 meses em 17,5% dos pacientes. Em 1994 foi instituído novo protocolo orientado pelo grupo cooperativo brasileiro de estudos de leucemia (CBEL), preconizando a indução com Citarabina +Idarrubicina, seguido dos ciclos de consolidação e dois ciclos de intensificação com altas doses. Entre 1994-99 foram incluídos 52 pacientes neste protocolo, cujo índice de remissão foi 73% (p=0,002). Em 50% destes pacientes, a sobrevida livre de doença alcançou 23,3 meses, enquanto a sobrevida global foi de 26 meses em 25%. As sobrevidas livre de doença e global, neste último período, tiveram diferenças estatisticamente significativas comparadas aos anos anteriores. Observamos uma melhora nas taxas de remissão e de sobrevida na última década, mesmo assim a sobrevida longa livre de eventos permanece inferior a 30%. Nossos resultados são equivalentes aos demais centros nacionais que tratam LMA e corroboram os dados da literatura.

We have treated many AML patients in the last 20 years. We followed, between March 1980 and December 1999, 195 patients with ages ranging from 12 to 70 years and presenting "de novo" AML, excluding the M3 subtype. In the eighties, 102 patients are on record: 47 males and 55 females. Among these, 84 received induction chemotherapy with Cytarabin plus Daunorrubicin (7+3), resulting in a 51% (43/84) remission rate. The average disease-free and overall survival was 35% at 10 months and 13% at 12 months. Forty-one new diagnoses were performed from January 1990 and December 1993, all patients were submitted to the "7+3" chemotherapy protocol and a 66% remission rate was obtained. The disease free and overall survival rates were statistically (p < 0.001) higher with 41% of the patients at 7.6 months and 17.5% at 22 months. In 1994 a new protocol was introduced under the guidance of the Brazilian Cooperative Group on Leukemia Studies (GCBEL). It recommended induction with Cytarabin + Idarrubicin followed by consolidation and two intensification cycles with high doses of Cytarabin. Between 1994 and 1999, 52 patients were included in this new protocol and the remission rate was 73% (p = 0.002). In 50% of these patients disease free survival was about 23.3 months, while the overall survival was 25% at 26 months. Both disease free survival and overall survival rates in the last period showed statistically significant differences when compared to the previous years. We observed a progressive improvement in remission and survival rates in the last decades, however the prolonged event-free survival stayed below 30%. Our results are similar to the national centers that treat AML and in accordance with the literature data.