ABSTRACT Direct-acting antivirals are the gold-standard treatment for chronic HCV infections, but few studies have investigated their use on kidney and liver transplant recipients. We conducted a real-world study to evaluate the rates of sustained virological response with direct-acting antivirals in kidney and liver transplant recipients. Moreover, it also aimed to evaluate direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) interference with immunosuppressant levels and to describe the frequency of adverse events. As part of this retrospective observational cohort, we included adult patients that had undergone a kidney transplant (KT) or liver transplant (LT) at our center, had a chronic HCV infection, and were treated with DAAs from June 2016 to December 2021. A total of 165 patients were included in the analysis, divided in 108 KT and 57 LT recipients. HCV genotype 1 was more frequent in KT (58.4%), and genotype 3 was more prevalent in LT (57.9%) patients. Sustained virological response was achieved in 89.6% of patients. Adverse effects were reported by 36% of patients. There were significant interactions with immunosuppressants requiring dose adjustments. A total of three episodes of rejection were reported in KT recipients. In conclusion, DAA treatment resulted in high rates of SVR and was well tolerated in both kidney and liver transplant patients. Adverse events were frequent but not severe in most patients, with low treatment drop-out rates. Interactions with immunosuppressants need monitoring since dose adjustments may be required. Reporting real-life experiences is important to help build evidence for patient management in non-controlled environments.

INTRODUÇÃO: O trabalho analisou redações sobre alcoolismo de candidatos a dezessete cursos no vestibular de 1996 na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. O objetivo foi identificar concepções sobre causas, conseqüências e propostas de intervenção em relação ao fenômeno do alcoolismo. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 2.578 redações (47,7%). Na organização dos dados foi usado um roteiro contendo categorias de causas, conseqüências e propostas de intervenção, construído a partir do exame de um conjunto de redações. RESULTADOS: Os sujeitos mostraram concepções que enfatizam o papel da bebida alcoólica no lidar com situações de caráter negativo e o papel da pressão social como fatores causadores do alcoolismo. Entre as conseqüências do alcoolismo apareceram com destaque as familiares, as psíquicas e a dependência. Como proposta para lidar com o alcoolismo aparece com bastante destaque o conjunto de providências incluídas sob o rótulo mudanças nas políticas públicas em relação ao comércio e à propaganda de bebidas alcoólicas e também em relação à difusão de informações adequadas sobre as conseqüências prejudiciais do consumo de tais substâncias. CONCLUSÕES: As concepções são similares em todos os grupos de cursos pretendidos pelos candidatos e oscilam entre uma compreensão moral-legal e uma compreensão médico-social do fenômeno.

INTRODUCTION: The analysis of exam essays on alcohol abuse written by applicants for 17 specific undergraduate majors at Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES) in 1996 was to identify concepts about causes, consequences and intervention proposals to alcohol abuse. METHODS: 2.578 essays (47.7%) were analyzed. From a sample drawn from the essays, an instrument for data organization was developed by constructing categories of causes, consequences and intervention proposals. RESULTS: Applicants showed to believe in the relationship between alcohol and coping with personal problems and the existence of social pressure for alcohol use. Familial and psychological traumatic experience and alcohol dependence were pointed out as the main consequences of alcohol abuse. Proposals to deal with alcohol abuse such as policies for alcohol sale and advertisement of alcoholic beverages as well as mandatory warnings on the danger of alcohol consumption seemed to be the most prominent. CONCLUSIONS: The highlighted concepts found in the all majors applicants' essays were seen in the same proportion and oscillate between a moral/legal and a social/medical understanding of alcohol abuse.

Vibrio vulnificus é uma bactéria Gram-negativa que habita águas marinhas. É patogênica para o homem e a doença está associada ao consumo de frutos do mar, com aproximadamente 60% dos casos sendo fatais em pacientes imunocomprometidos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a ocorrência de V. vulnificus em amostras de alguns alimentos de origem marinha. As amostras de ostras, mariscos e camarões foram coletadas nos períodos de abril-agosto de 1993, maio-setembro de 1994 e fevereiro de 1995. De 55 amostras de ostras, 36 (65%) foram positivas para V. vulnificus; das 19 amostras de mariscos, 8 (42,1%) foram positivas e das 7 amostras de camarão, 1 (4,3%) foi positiva para esta bactéria. Os resultados permitiram-nos concluir que a bactéria foi recuperada durante todos os meses de análise, demonstrando que estes alimentos, principalmente quando consumidos crus, são potencialmente perigosos para os seres humanos na faixa de risco.

Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits sea enviromnents. lt is pathogenic for human and the illness is associated with the ingestion of seafood, especially raw oysters. Approximately 60% of the cases are fatal, mainly in immunocompromised patients. The present research was carried out in order to study the presence of V. vulnificus in some seafood samples. The oysters, clams and shrimp samples were collected during April-August 1993, May-September 1994 and February 1995. 36% (65%) out of 55 oysters samples were positive for V. vulnificus; 8 (42.1%) out of 19 clams samples were positive, and 1 (14.3%) out of 7 shrimp samples harboured this bacterium. The presence of Vibrio vulnificus in these samples shows that they are potentially dangerous for human being, especially for those raw seafood consumers and at the risk group.