OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the physical and pulmonary capacities of hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease and its correlation with the time of hospitalization and complications involved. METHODS: A total of 54 patients, aged ≥18 years of both sexes, were evaluated 2-4 months after hospital discharge in São Paulo, Brazil. The physical characteristics analyzed were muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and pulmonary function. The K-means cluster algorithm was used to identify patients with similar physical and pulmonary capacities, related to the time of hospitalization. RESULTS: Two clusters were derived using the K-means algorithm. Patients allocated in cluster 1 had fewer days of hospitalization, intensive care, and intubation than those in cluster 2, which reflected a better physical performance, strength, balance, and pulmonary condition, even 2-4 months after discharge. Days of hospitalization were inversely related to muscle strength, physical performance, and lung function: hand grip D (r=−0.28, p=0.04), Short Physical Performance Battery score (r=−0.28, p=0.03), and forced vital capacity (r=−0.29, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Patients with a longer hospitalization time and complications progressed with greater loss of physical and pulmonary capacities.

Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton é importante praga dos citros por causar danos diretos (redução da área fotossintética) e indiretos (favorece a penetração da bactéria causadora do cancro cítrico). A ausência de informações sobre a dinâmica populacional da espécie, considerando as condições de cultivo e as variedades do Rio Grande do Sul, motivou este trabalho, que objetivou avaliar a variação sazonal dos estágios imaturos de P. citrella no período de junho de 2002 a julho de 2003, em dois pomares de Citrus sinensis 'Valência', um conduzido sob sistema orgânico de manejo e outro sob o convencional. Amostragens quinzenais foram realizadas, com coleta de um broto em cada uma das 27 plantas sorteadas aleatoriamente. Procedeu-se à análise das folhas em laboratório quanto à presença de ovos, lagartas, pupas e minas do inseto. Registrou-se a presença de P. citrella de outubro de 2002 a abril de 2003 no pomar orgânico, e de novembro de 2002 a julho de 2003, no convencional. Observou-se relação entre o tamanho populacional e a presença de recursos (folhas novas). No entanto, o estabelecimento da população não dependeu apenas da existência de recursos, mas também de condições meteorológicas favoráveis, evidenciado pela ausência de ataque na primeira brotação iniciada no final do inverno. Em conjunto, fatores meteorológicos e quantidade de recursos explicaram aproximadamente 64% da variação observada no tamanho populacional de P. citrella no pomar orgânico e 53% da observada no convencional.

Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton is considered an important pest of citrus, causing both direct (reduction on the photosynthetic area) and indirect damage (facilitation of invasion by bacteria that cause citrus canker). The lack of information about the population dynamics of P. citrella, considering the cultivation systems and varieties grown in citrus orchards in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, motivated this study. It aimed to evaluate the seasonal variation of immature stages of P. citrella, from June 2002 to July 2003, in two orchards of Citrus sinensis, cv. 'Valencia', one maintained according to organic management principles and the other under conventional ones. Fortnightly samplings were carried out, being one shoot collected from each one of 27 randomly chosen plants. The leaves were analyzed for the presence of eggs, larvae, pupae and mines of P. citrella. Leafminer was recorded from October 2002 to April 2003 in the organic orchard, and from November 2002 to July 2003 in the conventional one. A relationship between population size and resource availability (young leaves) was observed. However, population establishment does not depend exclusively on the existence of resources, but also on suitable climatic conditions. This was evidenced by the absence of attacks on the first shooting, which began in late winter. Meteorological factors and resource availability as a whole explain about 64% and 53% of the observed variation in the population size of P. citrella, respectively in the organic and conventional orchards.

A distribuição de imaturos de Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, 1856 foi avaliada em folhas e em brotos de plantas de Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck var. Valência, no município de Montenegro (29°68'S e 51°46'W), Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A presença de ovos, lagartas e crisálidas (vivas e mortas) foi registrada nas folhas, em relação às superfícies abaxial e adaxial e à porção proximal, mediana e distal destas. As folhas que continham ovos, lagartas e/ou crisálidas foram classificadas e numeradas quanto à posição relativa a partir do ápice do broto e foram tomadas medidas no maior comprimento. Lagartas, crisálidas e ovos de P. citrella evidenciaram padrão de distribuição agregado tanto no nível de brotos quanto no de folhas. O comprimento médio das folhas onde ocorreram as pupas era maior do que aquele onde se encontravam as lagartas. Os ovos foram registrados em maior proporção no terço mediano das folhas, em ambas superfícies, já as lagartas e crisálidas ocorreram com mais freqüência nos terços mediano e proximal das folhas.

The distribution of immatures of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, 1856 was studied on the levels of leaves and shoots of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck var. Valencia plants, in Montenegro County (29°68'S; 51°46'W), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The presence of P. citrella eggs, caterpillars and/or chrysalids (live and dead) was recorded according to the surface (abaxial and adaxial) and the third (proximal, median and distal) of the leaf in which they occurred. Leaves were classified and numbered according to their position relative to shoot apex, as well as to measurements of their greater length. Eggs and caterpillars (including pupae) presented aggregated distribution at the leaf and shoot levels. The mean length of the leaves in which pupae occurred was greater than those where caterpillars occurred. The eggs were observed in the leaves with the smaller median length. Most eggs were found on the median third of the leaves, in both surfaces, whereas caterpillars and pupae where found mostly on median and proximal thirds.

The immature stages of the rice bug Oebalus poecilus (Dallas, 1851) are described. The egg and the external morphological characters of the five nymphal stages were described and illustrated. The nymphs were exposed to two different photoperiods to induce seasonal forms to detect morphological differences.

Two new species of the Neotropical genus Pseudevoplitus Ruckes,1958 are described, P. amazonicus Grazia & Greve, sp. nov. and P. roraimensis Grazia & Greve, sp. nov. both from the Brazilian Amazonia, with emphasis on genital characters. Additions to the generic description and a new key to the species are presented.