The growth of filamentous fungi on food often causes, aside from its deterioration, the mycotoxin production which determines economic losses in poultry industry, such as decreased productivity and injuries on poultry's carcass. Adsorbents based on yeast cell wall from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which contain esterified glucomannan, are an alternative to reduce the mycotoxins bioavailability. The aim of this study was to compare in vitro and in vivo the performance of new three anti-mycotoxin additives (AMA) based on yeast cell wall from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The adsorption process was quantified in vitro, and the data obtained when plotted with Hill's equation indicated a cooperative process. Then, the three different AMA were tested for its ability to reduce the effects of aflatoxins in the diet of growing broiler chickens. The addition of 1 mg kg-1 aflatoxin B1 to the diets of broilers caused a negative change on the performance parameters besides increasing liver weight, fatty degeneration and liver necrosis. The addition of two different kinds of AMA (0.2%) could reverse such effects. In conclusion, AMA 1 and 2 are additives with good potential for application on animal production. The AMA 3 ingredients must be re-tested alone for its adsorption capacity. These are the first data reported from Brazil anti-mycotoxin additives with preliminary isothermal analysis. Since beneficial characteristics of S. cerevisiae cell wall in animal industry are strain dependent, this study suggests two new promising alternatives to ameliorate mycotoxin problem.

El crecimiento de hongos filamentosos en alimentos puede implicar, aparte de deterioro, la producción de micotoxinas que causan pérdidas económicas en la industria avícola, debido a la disminución de la productividad y aumento de susceptibilidad a enfermedades en aves de corral. Adsorbentes basados en la pared celular de la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, que contiene glucomanano esterificado, son una alternativa para reducir la biodisponibilidad de las micotoxinas. Este estudio comparó in vitro e in vivo el rendimiento de tres nuevos aditivos antimicotoxinas (AMA) basados en la pared celular de la levadura de Saccharomyces cerevisiae. El proceso de adsorción se cuantificó in vitro, y los datos obtenidos cuando se representa con el modelo matemático de la ecuación de Hill indicaron un proceso cooperativo. Tres diferentes AMA fueron probados por su capacidad para reducir los efectos de las aflatoxinas. La adición de 1 mg kg-1 de aflatoxina B1 en la dieta de pollos de engorde afectó negativamente los parámetros de rendimiento, con aumento del peso del hígado, degeneración grasa y necrosis hepática. La adición de dos tipos diferentes de AMA (0,2%) revirtió tales efectos, y uno mostró un efecto sinérgico con aflatoxina B1 Concluyendo, AMA 1 y 2 son aditivos con buen potencial para su aplicación en producción animal. Los ingredientes del AMA 3 deben ser reexaminados solo por su capacidad de adsorción. Estos son los primeros datos en Brasil correspondientes a aditivos antimicotoxinas por medio del estudio de isotermas de adsorción. Debido a que las características beneficiosas son dependientes de la cepa, este estudio sugiere dos nuevas alternativas prometedoras para mejorar el problema de las micotoxinas.

The etiology of a range of diseases is associated with an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exacerbated ROS production leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular damage and apoptosis. Nowadays, many strategies are being developed for the targeted delivery of antioxidants compounds to mitochondria, trying to minimize the damages. Production of ROS was investigated by the molecular probes CM-H2DCFDA and Amplex Red. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of verbascoside, martinoside, betulinic acid from the Stachytarpheta cayennensis and quercetin by an in vitro assay with isolated mitochondria from mice's brain The results showed that all compounds tested exhibited a scavenger effect on the ROS generated by the isolated mitochondria, which displayed a dependent dose increase.

Dos frutos de Clusia columnaris foram isoladas as benzofenonas poliisopreniladas machuona e clusiacromeno A. Do extrato em hexano obtido de galhos e folhas novas, um novo triterpeno do tipo eufano foi isolado. Sua estrutura foi elucidada através de métodos espectroscópicos. Por outro lado, dos extratos mais polares - em acetato de etila e em butanol, foram isolados os flavonóides C-glicosilados isovitexina, vitexina e vitexina-2"-xilosídeo, além de sete bisflavonóides conhecidos como bisflavonóides do grupo da Garcinia.

The polyisoprenylated benzophenones machuone and clusiachromene A have been isolated from the fruits of Clusia columnaris. The hexane extract of the young branches with leaves afforded a new euphane derivative, whose structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. On the contrary, the most polar EtOAc and ButOH extracts were constituted of flavonoid C-glucosides (isovitexin, vitexin and vitexin-2"-xyloside) and seven biflavonoids of the so-called Garcinia group.