Resumen Los enclaves húmedos que aparecen en las cimas de montañas y mesetas son de suma importancia para la región semiárida, ya que son considerados refugios de especies de flora y fauna, así como fuentes de humedad para diversas actividades humanas, ya que tienen un ambiente más fresco y húmedo. clima resultante de los efectos de la altitud. En este contexto, el objetivo principal de esta investigación fue realizar un levantamiento de los aspectos geográficos de la Serra de Santana, con énfasis en las características climáticas, edafológicas, hídricas y de cobertura vegetal. También se consideró los usos del suelo y la reflexión sobre las posibilidades de prácticas sustentables para la conservación de esta importante unidad del paisaje que, a pesar de tener condiciones geográficas privilegiadas en la región semiárida, como un clima “templado” en cuanto a temperatura condiciones, tipo de suelo desarrollado y condiciones hidrográficas de aprovechamiento, el proceso de uso y ocupación del suelo resultó en pérdidas significativas de vegetación nativa.

Resumo Enclaves úmidos que aparecem nos topos das montanhas e chapadas são de extrema importância para o semiárido, visto que são considerados refúgios para espécies da flora e fauna, além de fontes de umidade para diversas atividades humanas uma vez que apresentam clima mais fresco e úmido decorrente dos efeitos da altitude. Nesse contexto, o objetivo principal dessa pesquisa foi realizar um levantamento dos aspectos geográficos da Serra de Santana, com ênfase nas caraterísticas climáticas, pedológicas, hídricas e de cobertura vegetal. Considerou-se também os usos da terra e a reflexão acerca das possibilidades de práticas sustentáveis para a conservação desta importante unidade da paisagem que, apesar de possuir condições geográficas privilegiadas a nível de região semiárida, como clima “ameno” em se tratando das condições térmicas, tipo de solo desenvolvido e condições hidrográficas de vantagem, o processo de uso e ocupação do solo acarretou em perdas significativas da vegetação nativa.

Abstract Wet enclaves that appear on the tops of mountains and plateaus are extremely important for the semiarid region, as they are considered refuges for species of flora and fauna, as well as sources of water moisture for various human activities, since they have a cooler and wetter climate resulting from of the effects of altitude. In this context, the main objective of this research was to carry out a survey of the geographic aspects of Serra de Santana, with emphasis on climatic, pedological (i. e. soil), water and vegetation cover characteristics. It was also considered the uses of the land and the reflection on the possibilities of sustainable practices for the conservation of this important unit of the landscape that, despite having privileged geographical conditions in the semiarid region, as a “mild” climate in terms of thermal conditions , type of soil developed and hydrographic conditions of advantage, the process of use and occupation of the soil resulted in significant losses of native vegetation.

Abstract: BRS 500 B2RF is a high-yielding cotton cultivar with transgenic resistance to lepidopteran pests and tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate. Additionally, BRS 500 B2RF has resistance to Ramularia leaf spot and partial resistance to root-knot nematode. It represents an important contribution to sustainable cotton production in Brazil.

Abstract Cultivar BRS 433FL B2RF is a high-quality fiber upland cotton with high lint yield potential and resistance to several diseases. The introgressed transgenic events Bollgard II® and Roundup Ready Flex® confer enhanced resistance to lepidopteran pests and tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate, respectively. Fiber length exceeds 32.5 mm and fiber strength 33 gf tex-1.

RESUMO: O presente estudo foi conduzido para investigar a soroprevalência em 20 fazendas de criação extensiva de ovinos quanto à presença de anticorpos para Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n=402) e Toxoplasma gondii (n=228). Ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimático (ELISA) foi utilizado para a detecção de anticorpos contra C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii. Observou-se que C. pseudotuberculosis apresentou a maior prevalência na região (34,07%), com presença estatisticamente significante (p <0,05) nas categorias de ovelha. Anticorpos contra T. gondii foram encontrados em 14,91% dos animais estudados. Sobre a coinfecção de C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii, as categorias carneiro apresentaram diferenças significativas (p <0,05), sugerindo que esse gênero poderia perpetuar as doenças nos rebanhos. Concluiu-se que o conhecimento sobre as doenças na região em estudo facilitaria a execução de medidas profiláticas, principalmente contra as doenças que apresentam riscos à saúde pública e causam danos ao produtor.

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate in 20 extensive sheep farms for the seroprevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n=402) and Toxoplasma gondii (n=228). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of antibodies to C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii. It was observed that C. pseudotuberculosis showed the highest prevalence in the region (34.07%) with statistically significant presence (p<0.05) in ewes. Antibodies to T. gondii was reported in 14.91% of the animals studied. About C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii coinfection the categories of rams showed significant (p<0.05) differences, suggesting that this gender could perpetuate the diseases in the flocks. It was concluded that the knowledge about the diseases in the region under study would facilitate the execution of prophylactic measures, especially against the diseases that pose risks to the public health and cause damages to the producer.

Abstract BRS 372 and BRS 416 are cotton cultivars with high lint yield and genetic resistance to the main cotton diseases in Brazil, particularly to Ramularia Leaf Spot. They have stable yields, good fiber quality and can contribute to a sustainable cotton disease management in tropical environments.

Abstract Transgenic cotton cultivars BRS 430 B2RF and BRS 432 B2RF, medium and late season respectively, were developed by EMBRAPA in partnership with Bahia Foundation, aiming to create a high-yielding germplasm. The Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab target lepidopteran pests and the CP4-EPSPS gene confers tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate.

ABSTRACT: Evaluating soil geochemical diversity in the Amazon Basin has been a challenge largely because most study sites have been at the edge of the basin and it is difficult to get samples in such a region. Here we show that even among the most weathered soils, physicochemical soil properties express lithology. Our results are based on topsoil samples collected from different locations in minimally disturbed areas in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Soil properties were measured using methods which are suitable for highly developed soils. The Chemical Index Alteration and Weathering Index of Parker was calculated based on the content of metal(loid)s in soils determined by X-ray fluorescence. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were performed on data. In general, Amazon rainforest soils are more deeply weathered than soils in other Brazilian biomes and tropical rainforests in Asia and Africa. The high coefficient of variation of metal(loid) contents express pedogenesis and parent material diversity. Correlation analysis indicated that the tri-pentavalent elements are strongly associated with Al and Fe contents in the topsoil. In contrast, mono-divalent elements are correlated with sand and silt fractions. According to PCA, five soil groups with defined geochemical compositions and degrees of weathering could be identified: i) acidic sandy podzolized soils; ii) acidic loamy ferralitic soils with the highest content of tri-pentavalent ions; iii) acidic clayey kaolinitic soils with low metal(loid) contents; iv) acidic loamy kaolinitic soils with low metal(loid) contents; and v) silty neutral 2:1 clay soils. This study is the first effort to analyze the geochemical diversity in Amazon rainforest soils. These data are extremely valuable in determining the geochemical background for these soil types and this region. Geochemical variability can be predicted to some extent by lithology and pedogenesis, which can be applied to define the sampling required in future studies.

ABSTRACT: The great geological and soil variation in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, indicates the need for regional studies to understand the geochemical background of soils. The Rio Doce Basin became a priority area for geochemical background determination after the rupture of the tailings dam of Fundão in 2015. In this context, the objectives of this study were to propose Reference Values of Soil Quality in the Rio Doce Basin, to define variables that can predict metal(loid) concentrations in the soil, and to examine the correlation between metal(loid) concentrations determined by X-ray fluorescence and by the traditional method. One hundred and seven samples were collected from minimally disturbed areas, representing the main soils and source materials. Metal(loid)s were determined by acid digestion and X-ray fluorescence. Descriptive statistics of the data, as well as the calculation of the Randomized Dependence Coefficient (RDC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were carried out. The soils were found to be acidic, dystrophic with low Mehlich-1 extracted P contents, and have a variable texture. The coefficient of determination ranged from 0.4 to 0.9, suggesting X-ray fluorescence as a promising technique for determining metal(loid) concentrations in soils. The absence of correlation between clay and organic matter contents with metal(loid) concentrations suggests that the latter were inherited exclusively from the parent material, with little influence of pedogenesis. Metal mineralization in the highlands that constitute the topographic drainage divide of the basin increase the reference values of soil quality to higher values than established for the State of Minas Gerais.

Abstract Cottonseed yield data of 17 genotypes, of which two genotypes contributed to more than 30% of the total ecovalence, and grown in 23 locations, were used to compare four methods of disjoint environmental stratification: a) environmental index (Ie): favorable or unfavorable environments; b) stratification in partitions that maximize the sum of squares of the genotype x partition interaction [(GP)m]; c) environmental scores of the second principal component of the GGE analysis (PC2-GGE); d) environmental scores of the first principal component of the AMMI analysis (PC1-AMMI). Scenarios were simulated (10,000 simulations per scenario) using combination of nine or 13 environments and 11 genotypes, either including or excluding those with the highest ecovalence values. In all scenarios, the greatest selection gains were obtained via PC2-GGE stratification, and the lowest selection gains were obtained via Ie. The ecovalences of the genotypes influenced the results obtained using the stratification methods.

Abstract BRS 369RF and BRS 370RF were developed by the EMBRAPA as a part of efforts to create high-yielding germplasm with combinations of transgenic traits. BRS 369RF and BRS 370RF are midseason cultivars and have yield stability, adaptation to the central Brazilian savanna, good fiber quality and tolerance to glyphosate herbicide.

O sensoriamento remoto vem sendo utilizado na avaliação de características químicas e físicas dos solos, como fonte de informação rápida, não destrutiva e de baixo custo, podendo assim auxiliar no gerenciamento de passivos ambientais. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o potencial da utilização de dados hiperespectrais na determinação de algumas propriedades de um solo submetido a diferentes aplicações de doses de vinhaça, utilizando dados espectrais oriundos de amostras em condições de campo e de terra fina seca em estufa. O experimento, delineado em blocos ao acaso constou de seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos: 1, sem vinhaça; 2, fertirrigado com químicos; e 3, 4, 5 e 6, com aplicação de, respectivamente, 150, 300, 600 e 900 m³ ha-1 de vinhaça. Foram gerados modelos para predição de alguns atributos químicos e físicos do solo para os dois tipos de amostras, a partir de curvas espectrais na região do visível e infravermelho próximo. Para determinação da granulometria, os modelos não foram influenciados pelo tipo de amostra utilizada e foram classificados como "aceitáveis" a "bons" (R² entre 0,7 e 0,9). Em relação aos atributos químicos, foram gerados modelos com capacidade de diferenciação apenas entre altas e baixas concentrações (R² entre 0,50 e 0,65) para os atributos pH, matéria orgânica, H+Al e capacidade de troca catiônica, sendo os gerados para terra fina seca em estufa em alguns casos melhores que os para amostras em condições de campo.

Remote sensing has been used in the evaluation of physical and chemical characteristics of soils as a source of rapid, non-destructive, and low cost information, which may assist in management of environmental liabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for use of hyperspectral data in determining some properties of soil under different levels of application of sugarcane residue (vinasse) using spectral data obtained from samples in field conditions and laboratory oven-dried soil. A randomized block design was used with six treatments and four replications, the treatments being: 1. without vinasse; 2. fertigation with chemicals; 3, 4, 5, and 6 received the application of 150, 300, 600, and 900 m³ ha-1 of vinasse, respectively. Models were generated for prediction of chemical and physical soil properties for both types of samples from spectral curves of visible and near-infrared wavelengths. For determination of soil particle size, models classified as acceptable to good (R² from 0.7 to 0.9) were generated, and these models were not affected by the type of sample used. In regard to chemical properties, models were generated with capacity only for differentiation between high and low concentrations (R² from 0.5 to 0.65) for the properties of pH, organic matter, H+Al and cation exchange capacity. The models generated for laboratory oven-dried soil were in some cases better than those generated for samples in field conditions.

Cotton cultivar BRS 335 is a midseason high-yield cultivar and has adaptation to the Northeast Brazilian savanna, yield stability, desirable resistance to main cotton diseases and good fiber quality. The cultivar BRS 335 meets growers' demands for competitive lint yield as well as fulfilling industrial textile requirements.

Este estudo teve como objetivos testar a hipótese de que a distribuição de espécies arbóreas num fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Submontana, Zona de Amortecimento do Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, MG, é influenciada por variáveis geomorfológicas e edáficas e, dessa forma, fornecer subsídios para a recuperação de áreas degradadas em condições ambientais similares às da área de estudo. Foi realizado um levantamento detalhado de solos na área, com a abertura de perfis, sendo três em cada faixa (Rampa baixa, Baixa encosta côncava, Alta encosta côncava e Topo), totalizando 12 perfis. Nas coletas superficiais de solo foram colhidas quatro amostras compostas, na profundidade de 10-20 cm em cada faixa topográfica (Rampa baixa, Baixa encosta côncava, Alta encosta côncava e Topo), totalizando 16 amostras compostas. A partir dessas coletas foi realizada a caracterização química e granulométrica de cada amostra. Os solos foram classificados de acordo com o novo Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. Os resultados da análise textural do solo na posição topográfica de Topo indicaram que a textura desse solo era muito argilosa. Nas posições topográficas Rampa baixa, Baixa encosta côncava e Alta encosta côncava, a textura variou de argilosa a argiloarenosa. O gradiente pedológico e topográfico é caracterizado por alterações nas propriedades físico-químicas do solo, sendo este amostrado (10-20 cm) na Rampa baixa mais arenosa, pouco mais fértil e menos ácida, em comparação com a do solo no Topo, mais argiloso, com teores baixos de macronutrientes e elevada acidez. A Baixa Encosta e Alta Encosta dos solos amostrados (a 10-20 cm), por sua vez, apresentaram condições edáficas intermediárias. Os teores de P eram limitantes em todos os solos. A distribuição das espécies ao longo do gradiente topográfico é associada com as variações da fertilidade química, acidez e textura do solo. Pera leandri, Astronium fraxinifolium, Pouteria torta, Machaerium brasiliense, Myrcia rufipes, Swartzia apetala e Lecythis lurida apresentaram suas distribuições correlacionadas com os teores elevados de alumínio e baixa fertilidade do solo, podendo ser indicadas para restauração de áreas degradadas em encostas e topos de morros em regiões com condições ambientais semelhantes às da área estudada. Pouteria venosa, Apuleia leiocarpa e Acacia polyphylla tiveram suas distribuições correlacionadas com solo menos ácido e mais fértil do ambiente mais plano de rampas, apresentando potencial para restauração de áreas similares.

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the distribution of tree species in a fragment of submontane seasonal semideciduous forest, a buffer zone in the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, is influenced by geomorphological and weather and soil variables, therefore it can represent a source of information for the restoration of degraded areas where environmental conditions are similar to those of the study area. A detailed soil survey was conducted in the area by sampling three soil profiles per slope segment, totaling 12 profiles. To sample the topsoil, four composite samples were collected from the 10-20 cm layers in each topographic range totaling 16 composite samples. In the low ramp and the lower and upper concave slopes, the texture ranged from clay to sandy-clay. The soil and topographic gradient was characterized by changes in the soil physical-chemical properties. The soil in the 10-20 cm sampled layer was sandier, slightly more fertile and less acid in the low ramp than the clayer soil, nutrient-poor and highly acid soil at the top. The soil conditions in the lower and upper slope of the sampled layers, in turn, were intermediate. The P levels were limiting in all soils. The species distribution along the topographic gradient was associated with variations in chemical fertility, acidity and soil texture. The distribution of Pera leandri, Astronium fraxinifolium, Pouteria torta, Machaerium brasiliense and Myrcia rufipes was correlated with high aluminum levels and to low soil fertility and these species may be indicated for restoration of degraded areas on hillsides and hilltops in regions where environmental conditions are similar. The distribution of Pouteria venosa, Apuleia leiocarpa and Acacia polyphylla was correlated with the less acid and more fertile soil in the environment of the low ramps, indicating the potential for the restoration of similar areas.

A cultivar de algodoeiro BRS 336 possui alta qualidade de fibra, adaptação às principais regiões produtoras de algodoeiro no Brasil e resistência à mancha angular. BRS 336 possui comprimento de fibra acima de 32,0 mm e resistência da fibra superior às demais cultivares em uso no Brasil.

Cotton cultivar BRS 336 is a high-quality fiber upland cultivar and has wide adaptation to the Brazilian growing areas, with resistance to bacterial blight. BRS 336 exhibited fiber length higher than 32.0 mm in all field tests. Also, fiber strength exceeded all upland cotton currently grown in Brazil.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar diferentes métodos de estimação da adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva em 17 genótipos de algodoeiro avaliados em 23 ambientes do Cerrado brasileiro. Os efeitos de genótipos e ambientes e a interação genótipos x ambientes foram significativos. Os modelos da ecovalência e AMMI indicaram a cultivar BRS Cedro como a mais estável, enquanto as cultivares Delta Penta e BRS Ipê foram identificadas como as mais instáveis; nenhuma delas esteve entre as mais produtivas. De acordo com o método de Eberhart & Russell, Lin & Binns e Annicchiarico, as cultivares BRS 269 - Buriti e FMT 701 e o genótipo CNPA GO 2001-999 foram os mais indicados para plantio no Cerrado, e se destacaram entre as cinco mais produtivas na média dos ambientes. A identificação de adaptabilidades específicas, proporcionada pela análise AMMI, é de grande relevância no estudo do comportamento dos genótipos. Pelo conjunto de informações obtidas e pela facilidade de uso e interpretação, recomenda-se o emprego do método de Lin & Binns , que pode ser complementado pela análise AMMI.

The objective of this work was to compare different methods used to estimate adaptability and stability of 17 cotton genotypes evaluated in 23 locations of the Brazilian savannah. Genotype and environment effects and genotype x environment interaction were significant. According to ecovalence and AMMI models, cultivar BRS Cedro showed the best stability. Varieties Delta Penta and BRS Ipê were among the most unstable genotypes, but not among the most productive. Using the methods of Eberhart & Russel, Lin & Binns and Annicchiarico, genotypes BRS 269 - Buriti, FMT 701 and CNPA GO 2001-999 were the most stable and among the five most productive on average. The evaluation of the specific adaptabilities provided by the AMMI analysis is of great importance in the study of the behavior of genotypes. The amount of information generated and the facilities of interpretation favors Lin & Binns method, which can be complemented by an AMMI analysis.