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Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a soroprevalência e os fatores de risco associados à presença de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em ovinos do Paraná. A detecção dos anticorpos para T. gondii e N. caninum foi realizada, usando-se testes de ELISA indireto caseiro e comercial, respectivamente. A análise de regressão logística múltipla foi usada para verificar os fatores de risco associados à soroprevalência. Anticorpos anti-T. gondii e anti-N. caninum foram observados em 42,7% e em 17,6% dos animais, respectivamente. Os fatores de proteção associados à soropositividade foram “algum nível de confinamento (confinamento ou semiextensivo)” (OR=0,53) para T. gondii e “presença de mão de obra especializada” para N. caminum (OR=0,64). Os fatores de risco foram “presença de gatos” para T. gondii (OR=1,75) e “alimentação de cães com resíduos placentários” (OR=1,79) para N. caninum. Além de apresentar uma significante e simultânea soroprevalência para ambos os agentes (9,9% dos animais), os resultados também indicam que as deficiências em gestão e saneamento ambiental, a presença de reservatórios e os tipos de exploração favorecem a soropositividade. Dessa forma, estudos como estes podem auxiliar em programas sanitários e políticas públicas para a prevenção de T. gondii e N. caninum nos rebanhos ovinos do Paraná.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence and factors associated with the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in sheep from Paraná state. The detection of antibodies for T. gondii and N. caninum was performed by homemade and commercial indirect ELISA, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to verify the factors associated with the seroprevalence. Antibodies anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum were observed in 42.7% and in 17.6% of the animals, respectively. The protective factors associated to seropositive were “some level of confinement” (full or semi-extensive confinement) (OR=0.53) for T. gondii and “use of skilled labor” (OR=0.64) for N. caninum. The risk factors were “presence of cats” (OR=1.75) for T. gondii and “feeding of dogs with sheep placental remains” (OR=1.79) for N. caninum. In addition, to presenting a significant and simultaneous seroprevalence for both agents (9.9% of the animals), the results also indicate that deficiencies in management and environmental sanitation, the presence of reservoirs, and types of exploitation enhance the seropositivity. Thus, studies like this might support sanitary programs and public policies for the prevention of T. gondii and N. caninum in the sheep herds of Paraná state.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612021021 249 descargas

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections and factors associated in goats in the Parana state, Southern Brazil
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Romanelli, Paulo Roberto

; Matos, Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de

; Pinto-Ferreira, Fernanda

; Caldart, Eloiza Teles

; Oliveira, Juliana Silva de

; Anteveli, Gabriela

; Jeanfelice, Brenda Caroline dos Santos

; Stolf, Rafael Luiz

; Sanches, Tainá Favoreto

; Silva, Mariana Kassab e

; Minho, Alessandro Pelegrine

; Cavalcante, Antônio Cezar Rocha

; Freire, Roberta Lemos

; Mitsuka-Breganó, Regina

; Navarro, Italmar Teodorico

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2020, Volumen 29 Nº 4 elocation e003620

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii e anti-Neospora caninum e seus fatores associados em caprinos de propriedades do Estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil. A análise sorológica foi realizada, utilizando-se ELISA indireto em 629 amostras de soro caprino, coletadas em 32 propriedades distribuídas em cinco mesorregiões do Estado. A soropositividade foi observada em 30,7% dos animais para T. gondii, 6,3% para N. caninum e 3,0% para ambos. Os modelos finais de regressão múltipla mostraram que o uso de reprodução assistida reduziu a chance de soropositividade para T. gondii (PR=0,70), enquanto a presença no local de abate na fazenda (PR=2,03) aumentou. Para N. caninum, o fornecimento de ração concentrada (OR=4,80) e a morte dos animais no pré-desmame (OR=9,96) aumentaram a chance de soropositividade. O estudo das variáveis associadas às soropositividades sugere deficiências no saneamento e no manejo reprodutivo dos Animais. Além disso, reconhece pontos críticos para a infecção no manejo da produção animal.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and their associated factors among goats in farms from the Paraná state, South Brazil. The serological analysis was performed by indirect ELISA on 629 goat serum samples collected from 32 farms distributed in five mesorregions from the state. Seropositivity was observed in 30.7% of the animals for T. gondii, 6.3% for N. caninum, and 3.0% for both agents. Final multiple regression models showed that the use of assisted reproduction decreased the chance of seropositivity for T. gondii (PR=0.70) and the slaughtering site on the farm (PR=2.03) increased it. To N. caninum, the supplying concentrated feed to animals (OR=4.80) and animal pre-weaning death (OR=9.96) increased the chance of seropositivity. The variables associated with these seropositivities suggest deficiencies in sanitation and reproductive management. In addition, it recognizes critical points of infection for animal production management.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612020076 813 descargas

EXTRACTION CAPACITY OF GRASSES GROWN IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEMS USING DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENTS AND SUBSTRATES
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Saraiva, Claudety B.

; Matos, Antonio T.

; Matos, Mateus P. de

Engenharia Agrícola

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Oct 2019, Volumen 39 Nº 5 Paginas 668 - 675

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Constructed wetland systems have been used to treat different wastewater; among their essential components are the cultivated plant species and type of substrate used to fill them. The choice of plant species and type of substrate are important for the good system performance in wastewater treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the extraction capacity of Napier and Tifton 85 grasses when cultivated at different positions in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs) filled with different substrates in wastewater treatment from a bulk milk-cooling tank (MTWW). The experimental unit consisted of four HSSF-CWs, in which an average surface organic loading rate of 318 kg ha−1 d−1 of BOD5,20 was imposed and a hydraulic holding time of 1.8 and 3.0 d, respectively, in units filled with gravel or crushed PET bottles. Tifton 85 grass presented the highest Na extraction capacity, with better results obtained in HSSF-CWs filled with crushed PET bottles, while Napier grass was more effective in extracting N, K, and P from MTWW. When cultivated in the second half of gravel-filled HSSF-CWs, both grasses provided higher average N extractions when compared to those filled with crushed PET bottles, which had higher extractions in the first half of HSSF-CWs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v39n5p668-675/2019 653 descargas

ESTIMATION ON THE CONCENTRATION OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS FROM TURBIDITY IN THE WATER OF TWO SUB-BASINS IN THE DOCE RIVER BASIN
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Oliveira, Amanda R. M. de

; Borges, Alisson C.

; Matos, Antonio T.

; Nascimento, Moysés

Engenharia Agrícola

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Sep 2018, Volumen 38 Nº 5 Paginas 751 - 759

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Knowing the relationship between the total suspended solids concentration (TSS), turbidity in the waters, and that turbidity analysis can be done faster and in less expensive way, this study aimed to obtain mathematical model to estimate the total suspended solids (TSS) concentration from the turbidity values for waters of Doce river basin. For this purpose, it was used the water quality database of the Minas Gerais Institute of Water Management (IGAM). The data were pre-treated using the adjusted boxplot technique followed by adjustment of curves for the different management units and rainfall regime period. It was verified the possibility of a single curve through the dummy variable technique, subsequently. With the results it was observed that the adjusted boxplot technique proved to be useful for environmental data. Linear relationships with R2 values, as a rule, were higher than 0.6, however, it was not possible to develop a single model. It is concluded that the generated models presented good adjustments being able to be used for predicting the concentration of TSS as a function of turbidity. However, each management unit in each period of rainfall regime presents particularities that were reflected in the prediction models.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v38n5p751-759/2018 2726 descargas

VIABILITY OF THE USE OF MINIMUM WATER QUALITY INDICES: A COMPARISON OF METHODS
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Oliveira, Amanda R. M. de

; Borges, Alisson C.

; Matos, Antonio T.

; Nascimento, Moysés

Engenharia Agrícola

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Ago 2018, Volumen 38 Nº 4 Paginas 616 - 623

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The achievement of all the water quality parameters that constitute the water quality indices can be a hamper to their use. The objective of this study was to analyze the viability of using minimum indices to monitor water quality, comparing different methods. For this purpose, the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo database for the year 2016 of the Tietê/Jacaré and the Tietê/Batalha units was used. Four indices present in the literature were compared with the indices currently practiced in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais (“standard indices”). For feasibility analysis, the indices were classified by the “standard indices” methods and compared to them. The minimum indices were significantly correlated with the “standard indices”, from moderate to strong degree. The minimum indices, as a rule, overestimated water quality when compared to the index of the state of Minas Gerais; and underestimated when compared to the index of the state of São Paulo. It is concluded that the minimum indices are useful and practicable tools, with respect to the use of the WQI for management purposes. However, such indices should be evaluated periodically to avoid making mistaken decisions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v38n4p616-623/2018 1134 descargas

INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE AND SPECIES ARRANGEMENT OF CULTIVATED GRASSES ON THE EFFICIENCY OF HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
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Saraiva, Claudety B.

; Matos, Antonio T.

; Matos, Mateus P.

; Miranda, Suymara T.

Engenharia Agrícola

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Jun 2018, Volumen 38 Nº 3 Paginas 417 - 425

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of six different horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs), with different substrates (gravel and crushed PET bottles), which also varied in relation to the presence and arrangement of plant species (elephant grass and Tifton 85 bermudagrass) in the removal of pollutants from a bulk milk cooling tank (MTWW). Each bed was fed at a flow rate of 0.18 m3 d-1 and average organic load rate (OLR) of 318 kg ha-1 d-1 of BOD5, with hydraulic detention time (HRT) of 1.84 days in the gravel-filled HSSF-CWs (CWS-G) and 2.97 days in the PET-filled HSSF-CWs (CWs-P). The CWs-P were as efficient as the CWs-G in the removal of BOD5, COD, Total-P, and K-Total, being in some cases even more effective (turbidity, TS, TSS and Na). The gravel, on the other hand, provided greater removals of Total-N from the MTWW. In the non-cultivated CWs and those cultivated with elephant grass, in its first half and Tifton 85 grass in its second half, there were higher average efficiencies in COD and TSS removal sand, in the latter, the highest average removal of Total-N.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v38n3p417-425/2018 1022 descargas

Occurrences of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and first reports of Panstrongylus geniculatus in urban environments in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ceretti-Junior, Walter

; Vendrami, Daniel Pagotto

; Matos-Junior, Marco Otavio de

; Rimoldi-Ribeiro, Aline

; Alvarez, Julia Vono

; Marques, Sandro

; Duarte, Agnaldo Nepomuceno

; Silva, Rubens Antonio da

; Rosa, João Aristeu da

; Marrelli, Mauro Toledo

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2018, Volumen 60 elocation e33

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This note reports on occurrences of triatomine species in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, registered between 1988 and 2017. Records of triatomines captured in Sao Paulo are based on specimens received spontaneously from Health Surveillance Centers, Health Centers and Zoonosis Control Centers in the city as well as from citizens. Species were identified morphologically at the Public Health Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, where the triatomines, which are vectors of Chagas disease, were tested for Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The first reported occurrence of triatomine bugs in urban Sao Paulo was in 1988. The specimen, which was captured in Jardim Sao Luiz district, was from the genus Panstrongylus and was registered as Panstrongylus sp. but was not sexed. Since this first recorded occurrence, the following species have been found in the city: Panstrongylus geniculatus (2 occurrences), P. megistus (15 occurrences), Triatoma infestans (1 occurrence) and T. sordida (3 occurrences). In this paper, the importance of reporting occurrences of triatomine bugs in the city of Sao Paulo, one of the largest metropolis in the world, is discussed with an emphasis on P. megistus. The occurrences discussed here indicate the importance of entomological surveillance for these vectors even in urban centers although the possibility of vector transmission of Chagas disease in these centers is very low.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201860033 1955 descargas

Removal of chlorpyrifos insecticide in constructed wetlands with different plant species
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Souza, Tamara D. de

; Borges, Alisson C.

; Matos, Antonio T. de

; Mounteer, Ann H.

; Queiroz, Maria E. L. R. de

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Dic 2017, Volumen 21 Nº 12 Paginas 878 - 883

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a remediação de água contendo o inseticida clorpirifós, por meio de sistemas alagados construídos (SAC) cultivados com as espécies Polygonum punctatum, Cynodon spp. e Mentha aquatica operados sob diferentes tempos de retenção hidráulica: 24, 48, 96, 144 e 192 h. A eficiência do sistema foi baseada na redução da concentração inicial do clorpirifós e toxicidade da água contaminada. Os resultados mostraram que os sistemas alagados construídos são uma excelente alternativa na biorremediação do inseticida clorpirifós no meio aquoso. Observou-se média geral de eficiência na remoção do inseticida de 98,6%, sendo que no primeiro tempo de retenção hidráulica, 24 h, houve remoção do clorpirifós para valores inferiores ao limite detecção para todos os SAC. Tal resultado é atribuído principalmente aos processos de adsorção e degradação microbiana. Para os ensaios padronizados qualitativos de toxicidade aguda com Daphnia similis, para a maioria das amostras observou-se a redução de toxicidade acima de 80%. Constatou-se que os testes ecotoxicológicos com os efluentes dos sistemas alagados construídos estudados são uma boa opção como indicativo da eficiência dos tratamentos e uma promissora alternativa na complementação de análises físicas e químicas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the remediation of water containing the insecticide chlorpyrifos by using constructed wetlands (CW) cultivated with Polygonum punctatum, Cynodon spp. and Mentha aquatica, operated under different hydraulic retention times: 24, 48, 96, 144 and 192 h. The system efficiency was based on reduction of the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos and toxicity of the contaminated water. The results showed that constructed wetlands are an excellent alternative for remediation of the insecticide chlorpyrifos in aqueous medium. It was observed that the average overall removal efficiency of the insecticide was 98.6%, and in the first hydraulic retention time, 24 h, chlorpyrifos was removed to levels below the detection limit in all CW. This result is mainly attributed to adsorption and microbial degradation. For the qualitative standard acute toxicity tests with Daphnia similis, for most samples there was a reduction in toxicity greater than 80%. It was reported that the ecotoxicological tests with the effluents of the constructed wetland are a good option as an indicator of the effectiveness of treatments and a promising alternative to complement the physical and chemical analyses.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n12p878-883 1929 descargas

Using Magnetized (Fe3O4 / Biochar Nanocomposites) and Activated Biochar as Adsorbents to Remove Two Neuro-Active Pesticides from Waters
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Matos, Tassya T. S.

; Schultz, Juliana

; Khan, Muhammad Y.

; Zanoelo, Everton F.

; Mangrich,, Antônio S.

; Araújo, Bruno R.

; Navickiene, Sandro

; Romão, Luciane P. C.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Oct 2017, Volumen 28 Nº 10 Paginas 1975 - 1987

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This work describes the removal of pesticides from water using activated and magnetized biochars produced from exhausted husk, and dry tannin from barks of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.). These materials were characterized using chemical, spectroscopic, thermal, solid structure and surface area techniques. The activated and magnetized biochars were effective in removing the pesticides thiacloprid and thiamethoxam from both ultrapure water and Marcela Water Reservoir, Itabaiana, Sergipe State, Brazil. At the longest time examined, the amounts of thiacloprid and thiamethoxam adsorbed per gram of activated biochar adsorbent were 1.02 and 0.97 mg, respectively, while values of 0.73 mg (thiacloprid) and 0.40 mg (thiamethoxam) were obtained using magnetized biochar. A pseudo-second order model correctly described the kinetics of adsorption of both pesticides (R(2) ≥ 0.922). Desorption experiments revealed that the spent biochars could not be easily regenerated, which indicated that the forces holding the adsorbed fluid molecules to the solid surface were relatively strong.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20170042 1696 descargas

10.

CHARACTERIZATION OF CLOGGING MATERIAL FROM HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEMS
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Miranda, Suymara T.

; Matos, Antonio T.

; Matos, Mateus P.

; Borges, Alisson C.

; Baptestin, Gheila C. F.

Engenharia Agrícola

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Jun 2017, Volumen 37 Nº 3 Paginas 463 - 470

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the material composition responsible for clogging the porous medium of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF–CW) systems, which is detrimental to a proper system operation. Six completely clogged HSSF–CWs were used after treatment of swine wastewater. Operating conditions of these systems were named CW–C (HSSF– CW 1 and HSSF–CW 4, non-cultivated, i.e. controls), CW–T (HSSF–CW 2 and HSSF–CW 5, cultivated with Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.)), and CW–A (HSSF–CW 3 and HSSF–CW 6, cultivated with alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)). The results showed that most of the clogging material was composed of total fixed solids (95, 84, and 82% in CW–C, CW–T, and CW–A, respectively). However, total volatile solids (TVS) mostly affected pore clogging. The larger accumulations and productions of TVS in CWs might have originated from dead plants.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n3p463-470/2017 1044 descargas

11.

CHANGES IN SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES PROMOTED BY FERTIGATION WITH TREATED SANITARY WASTEWATER
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Santos, Silvânio R.

; Ribeiro, Danilo P.

; Matos, Antonio T.

; Kondo, Marcos K.

; Araújo, Edcássio D.

Engenharia Agrícola

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Abr 2017, Volumen 37 Nº 2 Paginas 343 - 352

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT We evaluate the application of treated sanitary wastewater (TSW) to provide potassium for crops and reduce demand for fresh water and mineral nutrients. The field experiment was arranged in randomized block design with four replications and five treatments: 50, 100, 150 and 200% of potassium requirements and a control with conventional fertilizer. The TSW was applied to maize (November 2012 to February 2013), cotton (June to November 2013) and bean (April to June 2014). After bean, soil chemical properties were evaluated until 0.8 m depth. Fertigation with TSW to potassium fertilization provided about 50% of water, nitrogen and phosphorus to the bean. The soil nutrient availability and soil organic matter did not increase, whereas sodium had linear increased with TSW levels in investigated soil depth. Soil pH showed same behavior that sodium, with the highest pH level of 6.5 in 0-0.2 m soil layer. Soil nutrients and organic matter did not increase with TSW doses up to 0.8 m depth. Soil pH and sodium had linear increasing with TSW doses, respectively up to 0.6 and 0.8 m soil depth. Fertigation with potassium recommendation also provided a high content of sodium, threatening the balance of soil-plant system with continuous use. The sodium should be the first reference to permanent wastewater reuse in agriculture.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n2p343-352/2017 1574 descargas

12.

HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY VARIABILITY IN HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
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Baptestini, Gheila C. F.

; Matos, Antonio T.

; Martinez, Mauro A.

; Borges, Alisson C.

; Matos, Mateus P.

Engenharia Agrícola

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Abr 2017, Volumen 37 Nº 2 Paginas 333 - 342

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Many modifications in hydrodynamic conditions occur inside the bed of a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF–CW) in operation. Studies on hydraulic conductivity measurement techniques in HSSF–CW are imperative since the monitoring of flow conditions is essential for understanding and controlling its clogging. This study aimed to assess the hydrodynamic behavior in HSSF–CW by means of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) analysis. For this, six HSSF–CW were used: two non-cultivated (control), two cultivated with Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.), and two cultivated with alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides). Application of swine wastewater (SW) in HSSF–CW started on June 15, 2011, with Ks measurement period between September 9 and November 11, 2011, in which five measurements were performed in different positions along the system length and over experimental period in order to assess the effects of vegetation, position, and time factors on this variable. Ks values ranged from 1,392 to 2,834 m d−1. Plant presence led to Ks decreasing in the systems, but cultivated species had no influence on this variable. Monitoring time of HSSF–CW was no longer enough to provide a reduction in Ks, at 10% probability level.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n2p333-342/2017 1429 descargas

13.

POTENTIAL OF REDUCTION IN THE EMISSION OF METHANE AND NITROUS OXIDE FROM SWINE WASTEWATER AFTER TREATED BY TWO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS
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Inoue, Keles R. A.

; Souza, Cecília De F.

; Matos, Antonio T.

; Sousa, Marilú S.

; Vieira, Maria De F. A.

Engenharia Agrícola

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Dic 2016, Volumen 36 Nº 6 Paginas 1198 - 1205

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Swine wastewater have high pollution load, requiring treatment before its disposal into the environment. Methane (CH4) potentially emitted for such waste is considered 21 times more polluting than Carbon dioxide (CO2), and the nitrous oxide (N2O) is considered 310 times. In this way, projects of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and energy use related to the CH4 are worldwide diffused. It was evaluated the potential greenhouse gas emissions in the influent and effluent from digesters and stabilization ponds used to treat the swine wastewaters in two commercial farms operating in full cycle, located in the municipality of Oratorios-MG, Brazil. Using the methodology “AM0006” to estimate the average potential of greenhouse gases, it was identified 55% and 23% of reduction in emissions from digesters and stabilization ponds, respectively. Thus, when comparing the two systems, in the conditions that they were operated, it can be concluded that the digestion treatment system was more suitable for the treatment of swine wastewater, when taking into account only the emission of the mentioned gases, subjects of this study.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v36n6p1198-1205/2016 1060 descargas

14.

Degradation of sewage sludge compost disposed on the soil
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DINIZ, ISABELA C. C.

; MATOS, ANTONIO T.

; BORGES, ALISSON C.

; AQUINO, JULIANA M. G. L.

; MATOS, MATEUS P.

Engenharia Agrícola

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Oct 2016, Volumen 36 Nº 5 Paginas 822 - 829

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study aimed to monitor degradation of compost from undigested sewage sludge disposed on soil surface or incorporated it. The sewage sludge was blended with wood sawdust during a 90-day composting to achieve a C/N ratio of 9. Each waste was dosed based on its total content of nitrogen and on an annual dose of 500 kg ha-1, which is broadly recommended for forage fertilization. After incorporation and surface applied (five replicates each), waste mineralization was monitored for 131 days by samplings taken from both conditions for further analyses. The samples were measured for total organic carbon (TOC); easily oxidizable carbon (OOC); total nitrogen (TN); ammonia and nitric nitrogen, and from them the total organic nitrogen (ON); volatile solids; and water content. The findings pointed to a decrease in TOC, OOC and ON contents throughout monitoring, regardless of disposal method, however, most remarkable whether incorporated to the soil, computing mineralization rates above 87%.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v36n5p822-829/2016 1529 descargas

15.

Indicadores de produção e qualidade da fibra do algodoeiro fertirrigado com água residuária sanitária
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Santos, Silvânio R. dos

; Soares, Antônio A.

; Kondo, Marcos K.

; Matos, Antonio T.

; Maia, Victor M.

Engenharia Agrícola

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Jun 2016, Volumen 36 Nº 3 Paginas 525 - 536

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Problemas decorrentes da descarga de esgoto sanitário em rios são fatores preocupantes, por reduzir a qualidade da água, principalmente na região semiárida. Como alternativa viável, a utilização agrícola de águas residuárias pode minimizar problemas ambientais e fornecer nutrientes bem como parte da exigência hídrica de plantas cultivadas. Assim, objetivou-se verificar a influência da água residuária sanitária tanto na forma bruta (ARB) quanto na tratada, em nível terciário (ART), em substituição à adubação potássica mineral em cobertura, sobre os indicadores de produção e qualidade tecnológica da fibra do algodoeiro NuOpal BG RR®. O experimento foi conduzido em Janaúba - MG, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, constituído por 5 tratamentos (T0: Água limpa e adubação mineral; T1: 100% e T2: 150% de ART no fornecimento do K em cobertura; T3: 100% e T4: 150% de ARB no fornecimento do K em cobertura), com quatro repetições. Pode-se substituir a adubação potássica em cobertura aplicando 100% da dose potássica recomendada via ART, sem afetar a produtividade e a qualidade da fibra, sendo complementada a cobertura nitrogenada. Ao se empregar a ARB, além de não afetar a qualidade da fibra, há incremento de até 43,6% na produtividade do algodão, sendo dispensada a cobertura nitrogenada.

ABSTRACT Sewage discharge into rivers cause troubles by deteriorating water quality, mainly in the semi-arid region. The agriculture reuse of wastewater is an alternative to minimize environmental problems, provide nutrients and part of water requirements to crops. The purpose of the current study was to verify the influence of raw sanitary wastewater (ARB) and tertiary treated sanitary wastewater (ART) replacing potassium topdressing in cotton fertigation, investigating changes in the yield and fiber quality indexes of cotton NuOpal BG RR®. The field experiment was developed in Janaúba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in randomized complete block design with five treatments (T0: drinking water and mineral fertilizer; T1 and T2: 100% and 150% of potassium topdressing requirements supplied by ART; T3 and T4: 100% and 150% of potassium topdressing supplied by ARB) and four replications. The T1 do not change cotton yield and fiber quality, once nitrogen topdressing is performed. The ARB not affect cotton fiber quality and improve yield by 43.6%, being unnecessary nitrogen topdressing.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v36n3p525-536/2016 1711 descargas

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