Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute administration of nicotine and ethanol on tooth movement in rats. Two hundred rats were divided into eight groups: S: saline; N: nicotine; E: ethanol; NE: nicotine and ethanol; SM: saline with tooth movement; NM: nicotine with tooth movement; EM: ethanol with tooth movement; and NEM: nicotine and ethanol with tooth movement. All the solutions were applied for 32, 44, or 58 days, according to the subgroup. Orthodontic movement (25 cN) was initiated 30 days after solution administration in the groups with tooth movement. The rats were euthanized 2, 14, or 28 days after initiation of tooth movement. Tooth sections were stained using picrosirius and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). The data were compared by ANOVA using Tukey’s HSD and Games-Howell. On day 28 of tooth movement, the NEM group had a lower percentage of type I collagen compared to the SM group (p = 0.0448), and the S group had a higher number of osteoclasts/μm2 compared to the N group (p = 0.0405). Nicotine and ethanol did not affect the tooth movement rate, regardless of induction of orthodontic movement. Nicotine influenced the number of osteoclasts by decreasing their quantity when dental movement was not induced. When nicotine was associated with ethanol, it interfered in the maturation of collagen fibers during orthodontic movement.

O método de análise não-destrutivo denominado Microfluorescência de Raios X. (µSXRF, radiação Sincrotron) tem sido utilizado recentemente em laboratórios de luz Sincrotron de vários países para identificar e, em situações especiais, quantificar elementos menores, maiores e traços em inclusões fluidas. Com esse intuito, a estação de µSXRF do LNLS (Laboratório Nacional de Luz Sincrotron, Campinas) foi utilizada para desenvolver estudos composicionais de inclusões fluidas em minerais transparentes (quartzo, adulária, esmeralda, piroxênio) de diferentes jazidas minerais e minérios opacos de Ag e Fe.

Synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence (SµXRF) analysis is a non-destructive method that can be used to identify, and in special cases, to quantify major, minor, and trace elements present in fluid inclusions. In spite of the relevant results, this technique has been used only in a few studies, which, moreover, are mostly focused on either synthetic or natural fluid inclusions in transparent minerals. To investigate fluid inclusions in transparent and opaque minerals, the synchrotron radiation X-ray microprobe station from the µSXRF fluorescence beamline at the LNLS-Campinas was used. This analytical method has been proven to be efficient in the chemical characterization of the fluid inclusions constituents of some transparent (quartz, adularia, emerald, etc.) and opaque minerals (pyrargyrite and hematite).

Avaliou-se o desempenho de 72 bezerros (machos e fêmeas) da raça Holandesa alimentados com sucedâneo de leite ou leite integral e ração inicial contendo milho floculado em três densidades: 283, 360 ou 437 g/L. Os animais foram distribuídos em blocos de acordo com o nascimento e o sexo, em um arranjo fatorial 2 x 3. A taxa de hidrólise in vitro do amido de milho floculado diminuiu com o aumento da densidade dos grãos. No período da desmama até os 120 dias de vida, não foi observado efeito da densidade do milho floculado e do tipo de dieta líquida sobre o consumo de matéria seca, o ganho de peso médio diário, a conversão alimentar e a idade ao início do consumo de silagem (quando consumo de concentrado atingia 2.500 g/dia). Entretanto, os animais que receberam sucedâneo durante a fase de aleitamento apresentaram menor peso aos 120 dias de idade (108,9 vs 118,5 kg).

Growth performance was evaluated in 72 Holstein calves fed milk replacer or whole milk diet and a starter containing steam-flaked corn at: 283, 360 or 437 g/L. The animals were blocked by birth and sex in a 2 x 3 factorial design. Enzymatic in vitro starch availability of the steam-flaked corn decreased as grain densities increased. During the post-weaning period, there was no effect of the processed corn at the different densities and type of the liquid diet on dry matter intake, daily body gain, feed conversion and age when calves started eating corn silage (when the starter intake reached 2500 g/day). Calves fed milk replacer during pre-weaning period showed the lowest body weight at 120 days old (108.9 vs. 118.5 kg).