RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo é determinar algumas características dos frutos de 19 linhagens diferentes hibridizadas por estudos regulares anteriores. Essas linhas foram examinadas a fim de determinar as diferenças entre os componentes voláteis e revelar as diferenças em comparação com os pais. Altura da planta (cm), peso do fruto (g), largura do fruto (mm), comprimento do fruto (mm), espessura da polpa do fruto (mm), pungência, cor do fruto imaturo e cor do fruto maduro foram determinados dos pais e das linhas F4. Como resultado, uma ampla gama de variações foi determinada entre as linhas e os pais em termos de todos os parâmetros, exceto a pungência. Especialmente em termos de componentes voláteis, verificou-se que algumas substâncias ativas são encontradas apenas no genótipo pai e branco (Fenchol, espatulenol e acetato de geranila), algumas delas apenas no genótipo mãe e laranja (α-terpineol, azelato de dihexila e 2-hexadecanol). Concluiu-se que compostos voláteis da espécie podem ser usados como marcadores para estudos de melhoramento.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to determine some fruit characteristics of 19 different lines hybridized by previous regular studies. These lines were examined in order to determine the differences among volatile components and reveal the differences in comparison with the parents. Plant height (cm), fruit weight (g), fruit width (mm), fruit length (mm), fruit flesh thickness (mm), pungency, immature fruit color and mature fruit color were determined of parents and F4 lines. As a result, a wide range of variations were determined between lines and parents in terms of all parameters apart from pungency. Especially in terms of volatile components, it has been found that some active substances are found only in the father and white genotype (Fenchol, spathulenol and geranyl acetate), some of them only in the mother and orange genotype (α-terpineol, dihexyl azelate and 2-hexadecanol). It was concluded that volatile compounds of the species can be used as a marker for breeding studies.

Resumen Las semillas de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum Cav.) fueron tratadas con extractos de plantas alelopáticas: resina de férula (FER, 0.2 g de resina L-1, 25°C, 24 h), extracto de pétalos lantana (LAN, 4 g de pétalos secos L-1, 25°C, 24 h) y extracto de pétalos caléndula (TAG, 4 g de pétalos secos L-1, 25°C, 24 h) junto con un control sin tratamiento para determinar el efecto de estos extractos sobre la emergencia y desempeño de las plántulas. Se estudiaron la influencia previa a la siembra de los extractos ale-lopáticos (FER, LAN y TAG) sobre el porcentaje de emergencia (%), tiempo medio de emergencia (días), índice de emergencia, coeficiente de velocidad de emergencia (%), altura de la plántula (cm), peso fresco de la plántula (mg), peso seco de la plántula (mg) e índice alelopático estimulante (%) en semillas de tomate de árbol. Los resultados revelaron que el tratamiento previo a la siembra con los extractos de plantas alelopáticas estudiados mostró una mayor emergencia y rendimiento de las plántulas. La mayor ventaja del tratamiento previo a la siembra se observó en el tratamiento con TAG. El tratamiento con TAG alelopático dio como resultado tasas de emergencia de plántulas 15% más altas, tiempo de emergencia promedio 3.3 d más rápido, pesos de plántulas 153 mg superiores e índice de emergencia más alto con respecto a las semillas no tratadas. Además, el tratamiento alelopático de FER y LAN fue mejor que el control.

Abstract Seeds of the tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) were treated with allelopathic plant extracts: ferula gum (FER, 0.2 g gum L-1, 25°C, 24 h), lantana petal extract (LAN, 4 g dried petal L-1, 25°C, 24 h) and marigold petal extract (TAG, 4 g dried petal L-1, 25°C, 24 h) along with an untreated control to determine the effect of these extracts on seedling emergence and performance. The pre-sowing influence of the allelopathic extracts (FER, LAN and TAG) on the emergence percentage (%), mean emergence time (days), emergence index, coefficient of velocity of emergence (%), seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (mg), seedling dry weight (mg), and stimulatory allelopathic index (%) was investigated in tree tomato seeds. The results revealed that pre-sowing treatment with the studied allelopathic plant extracts showed higher seedling emergence and performance. The greatest advantage of the pre-sowing treatment was observed in the TAG treatment. Allelopathic TAG treatment resulted in 15% higher seedling emergence rates, 3.3 d faster mean emergence time, 153 mg heavier seedling weights, and higher emergence index compared to untreated seeds. In addition, the effect of allelopathic FER and LAN treatments was better than the control.

A germinação de sementes de figo é muito relevante para obter mudas com alta variabilidade e para a produção de mudas livres de vírus. O experimento avaliou os efeitos de vários tratamentos (com água durante 24h, GA3 a 500 e 1000 ppm durante 24h, 3% KNO3 durante 24h, e estratificação numa temperatura de 4°C durante 7, 14 e 21 dias) na germinação e emergência de sementes de cultivares de figos 'Bursa Siyahı' e 'Sarılop'. A aplicação de GA3 aumentou a germinação e a emergência destas sementes. As mais altas porcentagens de germinação e emergências foram obtidas com GA3 a 500 ou 1000 ppm para os dois cultivares. A germinação e a emergência de sementes do cultivar 'Bursa Siyahı' foram maiores das obtidas com 'Sarılop'. GA3 a 500 ppm ou 1000 ppm reduziu o tempo de germinação e emergência para as sementes de ambos os cultivares. Os tratamentos com GA3 tiveram mais eficácia para superar a dormência de sementes de figo.

Seed germination of fig seeds is important for obtain seedlings with high variability in breeding studies, and for producing mosaic virus-free seedlings. This experiment was carried out to evaluated the effects of several treatments (priming with water for 24h, GA3 at 500 and 1000 ppm for 24h, 3% KNO3 for 24h, and stratification at 4°C for 7, 14 and 21 days) on seed germination and emergence of 'Bursa Siyahı' and 'Sarılop' fig cultivars. The application of GA3 increased the germination and emergence of these fig seeds. The highest percentages of germination and emergence were obtained with GA3 at 500 or 1000 ppm for both cultivars. The seed germination and emergence of the cultivar 'Bursa Siyahı' were higher than observed with the 'Sarılop'. The application of GA3 at 500 ppm or 1000 ppm reduced the time to germination and emergence from the seeds of both cultivars. In summary, the GA3 treatments showed efficacy to overcome the dormancy of these fig seeds.

Germination percentage, seedling fresh weight and sensitivity index of the pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Sera Demre) seed lots harvested 50, 60 and 70 days after the anthesis (daa) in 2001 and 2002 were determined under the salt (NaCl) and osmotic (PEG) stresses at the same water potentials of -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa. The objective was to study whether the germination and seedling growth were inhibited by the salt toxicity or osmotic effect during the development. The higher the salt and osmotic stress concentrations the lower was the germination percentage and seedling fresh weight. The seed germination was higher and sensitivity index were lower in NaCl than in PEG at the same water potential and harvest in both the years. They were able to germinate at all the concentrations of NaCl but at -0.9 MPa of PEG, none of the seeds of any harvest germinated in both the years. The seeds harvested 70 daa showed the highest germination and seedling weight in all the NaCl and PEG concentrations in both the years. Results showed that the inhibition of the germination at the same water potential of NaCl and PEG resulted from the osmotic effect rather than the salt toxicity. Moreover, the seeds harvested 70 daa appeared to be more tolerant to the salt and osmotic water stress conditions than the other two lots.