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ABSTRACT The SISBIOTA-BRASIL was a three-year multimillion-dollar research program of the Brazilian government to document plants and animals in endangered/understudied areas and biomes in Brazil. Distributional patterns and the historical events that generated them are extensively unknown regarding Brazilian fauna and flora. This deficiency hinders the development of conservation policies and the understanding of evolutionary processes. Conservation decisions depend on precise knowledge of the taxonomy and geographic distribution of species. Given such a premise, we proposed to research the diversity of Diptera of the Brazilian western arc of Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Rondônia. Three important biomes of the South American continent characterize these Brazilian states: Amazon forest, Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah), and Pantanal. Besides their ecological relevance, these biomes historically lack intensive entomological surveys. Therefore, they are much underrepresented in the Brazilian natural history collections and in the scientific literature, which is further aggravated by the fact that these areas are being exponentially and rapidly converted to commercial lands. Our project involved over 90 collaborators from 24 different Brazilian institutions and one from Colombia among researchers, postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students, and technicians. We processed and analyzed nearly 300,000 specimens from ~60 families of Diptera collected with a large variety of methods in the sampled areas. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the genera and species diversity of 41 families treated. Our results point to a total of 2,130 species and 514 genera compiled and identified for the three states altogether, with an increase of 41% and 29% in the numbers of species and genera known for the three states combined, respectively. Overall, the 10 most species-rich families were Tachinidae, Cecidomyiidae, Tabanidae, Psychodidae, Sarcophagidae, Stratiomyidae, Bombyliidae, Syrphidae, Tephritidae, and Asilidae. The 10 most diverse in the number of genera were Tachinidae, Stratiomyidae, Asilidae, Mycetophilidae, Syrphidae, Tabanidae, Muscidae, Dolichopodidae, Sarcophagidae, and Chloropidae. So far, 111 scientific papers were published regarding taxonomic, phylogenetic, and biogeographical aspects of the studied families, with the description of 101 new species and three new genera. We expect that additional publications will result from this investigation because several specimens are now curated and being researched by specialists.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0051

Contribution to the knowledge of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) attracted to carcasses in Piura, Peru
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Andrade-Herrera, Kepler Nils

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia

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2022, Volumen 62 elocation e202262012

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Despite being the most diverse family of flies found in carcasses and corps in the Neotropical Region, Sarcophagidae is still underestimated in Peru. This research was developed in the Department of Piura, Northern Peru and we identify the flesh flies captured on two kinds of animal carcasses: dog and guinea pigs. As a result, a new record was documented for Peru: Blaesoxipha (Gigantotheca) plinthopyga (Wiedemann, 1830) and eight new records for the Department of Piura.

https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.012

On the identity of Lepidodexia (Orosarcophaga) ornata (Townsend, 1927) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and a new generic synonym
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Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

; Riccardi, Paula Raile

Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia

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2021, Volumen 61 elocation e20216135

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The revision of the sarcophagid species Lepidodexia (Orosarcophaga) ornata (Townsend, 1927) reveals its identity and a generic synonym. The male terminalia of this species was studied in detail for the first time and revealed its congeneric affinities with OxyviniaDodge, 1966. Consequently, the generic status of OrosarcophagaTownsend, 1927 was revalidated, including OxyviniaDodge, 1966 as its junior synonym, and O. ornata was corroborated as a valid species and name. Moreover, we provide an updated generic diagnosis of Orosarcophaga, a list of the eleven species of the genus with their distribution, and a detailed diagnosis of O. ornata.

https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.35 189 descargas

A new flesh fly species of Oxysarcodexia Townsend from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and redescription of Oxysarcodexia xon ( )
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Menezes, Marco Antônio

; Santos, Josenilson Rodrigues dos

; Patiu, Cátia Antunes de Mello

Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia

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2020, Volumen 60 elocation e20206043

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Abstract A new Neotropical species of Oxysarcodexia Townsend (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, Oxysarcodexia digitata sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on male and female specimens. This new species resembles O. fraterna Lopes, O. nitida Soares & Mello-Patiu, O. notata Soares & Mello-Patiu, O. vittata (Walker), and O. xon (Dodge), but can be distinguished based on differences in phallic elements. Additionally, the male of Oxysarcodexia xon (Dodge, 1968) is redescribed and illustrated, its female is described for the first time, and new records is presented.

https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.43 287 descargas

Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: updated taxonomic checklist and new records
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Rafael, José Albertino

; Limeira-de-Oliveira, Francisco

; Hutchings, Roger William

; Miranda, Gil Felipe Gonçalves

; Silva Neto, Alberto Moreira da

; Somavilla, Alexandre

; Camargo, Alexssandro

; Asenjo, Angélico

; Pinto, Ângelo Parise

; Bello, Ayr de Moura

; Dalmorra, Camila

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

; Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de

; Takiya, Daniela Maeda

; Parizotto, Daniele Regina

; Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida

; Cavalheiro, Denis de Oliveira

; Mendes, Diego Matheus de Mello

; Zeppelini, Douglas

; Carneiro, Eduardo

; Lima, Élison Fabrício Bezerra

; Lima, Estevam Cipriano Araújo de

; Godoi, Fabio Siqueira Pitaluga de

; Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa

; Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Zagury

; Sosa-Duque, Francisco José

; Flores, Heloísa Fernandes

; Fernandes, Itanna Oliveira

; Silva-Júnior, José Osvaldo

; Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira

; Monné, Marcela Laura

; Castro, Marcelo Cutrim Moreira de

; Silva, Marcelo Peixoto Gomes da

; Couri, Márcia Souto

; Gottschalk, Marco Silva

; Soares, Matheus Mickael Mota

; Monné, Miguel Angel

; Rafael, Miriam Silva

; Casagrande, Mirna Martins

; Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik

; Grossi, Paschoal Coelho

; Pinto, Paula Jéssica Costa

; Bartholomay, Pedro Reck

; Sobral, Rafael

; Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino

; Machado, Renato José Pires

; Corrêa, Robson Crepes

; Hutchings, Rosa Sá Gomes

; Ale-Rocha, Rosaly

; Santos, Sandra Duque dos

; Lima, Sheila Pereira de

; Mahlmann, Thiago

; Silva, Vera Cristina

; Fernandes, Daniell Rodrigo Rodrigues

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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2020, Volumen 64 Nº 3 elocation e20200052

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Hexapods, commonly known as insects, are a neglected taxonomic group in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, with unanswered questions about their species richness and the ecological processes in which they are involved (e.g., colonization, introduction, establishment, and extinction). Herein, we provide an updated Hexapod checklist with current nomenclatural combinations. The entomofauna of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago is currently composed of 453 species in 21 orders. The orders, and their respective number of species, are: Blattaria (9), Coleoptera (118), Collembola (29), Dermaptera (3), Diplura (1), Diptera (134), Embioptera (1), Hemiptera (29), Hymenoptera (59), Isoptera (2), Lepidoptera (25), Mantodea (1), Neuroptera (3), Odonata (5), Orthoptera (11), Phasmatodea (1), Phthiraptera (6), Psocoptera (3), Siphonaptera (1), Thysanoptera (10), and Zygentoma (2). The archipelago has 263 new taxon records (family + genera + species). Thirty-eight species (3.39%) were described from local specimens and most of them are likely endemic species. This study more than doubles our knowledge (from the previous 190 records) of the entomofauna in this large Brazilian archipelago. This study also provides a baseline for studies on its conservation status and for implementing future environmental management programs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2020-0052 2462 descargas

Checklist dos Conopidae (Insecta, Diptera) do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
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Rocha, Leonardo Silvestre Gomes

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

Iheringia. Série Zoologia

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2017, Volumen 107 elocation e2017144

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Conopidae é uma família pouco estudada e de sistemática controversa entre os Diptera. Os adultos são nectarívoros e as larvas têm hábito parasitóide em Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Blattaria e Diptera. São conhecidas 800 espécies e 56 gêneros com distribuição mundial. Uma lista de 15 espécies em quatro gêneros registradas para o estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, elaborada com base na bibliografia disponível e no material identificado de diversas coleções brasileiras, é fornecida. As coletas estão concentradas no município de Maracaju em bioma de Cerrado, com apenas uma exceção. Faz-se necessário incrementar as coletas em outras regiões e outros ambientes do estado, para que lacunas de amostragem sejam preenchidas.

ABSTRACT Conopidae is a poorly studied family and its systematics is controversial among the Diptera. The adults are nectarivorous and the larvae are parasitic in Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Blattaria and Diptera. Eight hundred species in 56 genera are known, with worldwide distribution. A list of 15 species in four genera recorded from Mato Grosso do Sul State, based on the available bibliography and the identified material from several Brazilian collections, is provided. The collections are concentrated in Maracaju municipality, in Cerrado biome, with only one exception. It is necessary to increase the sampling in other regions and environments of the state, to fill the sampling gaps.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017144 1287 descargas

Comparative morphology and identification key for females of nine Sarcophagidae species (Diptera) with forensic importance in Southern Brazil
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Vairo, Karine Pinto e

; Moura, Mauricio Osvaldo

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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Sep 2015, Volumen 59 Nº 3 Paginas 177 - 187

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACTThe identification of female flesh flies was always considered a difficult task since morphological descriptions and keys for females are rare. Even in a forensic entomology framework, where females play a major role, female flesh flies are usually not identified. In order to fill this gap in Southern Brazil fauna we provide detailed descriptions and key for the female of nine species included in four genera: Microcerella halli (Engel), Oxysarcodexia paulistanensis (Mattos), Oxysarcodexia riograndensis (Lopes), Peckia (Euboettcheria) australis (Townsend), Peckia(Euboettcheria) florencioi (Prado and Fonseca), Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans (Walker), Peckia(Pattonella) resona (Lopes), Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann), and Sarcophaga(Bercaea) africa (Wiedemann). These species are distinguished mainly by genital characters as tergite 6 divided or undivided, presence of tergite 8, spermatheca morphology and vaginal plate shape.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.06.003 4712 descargas

New records of Sarcophagidae species (Diptera) with forensic potential in Rio de Janeiro
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Dias, Guaraci dos Santos

; Oliveira-Costa, Janyra

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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Sep 2015, Volumen 59 Nº 3 Paginas 255 - 256

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACTSarcophagidae species are frequent and abundant in the decomposition process of corpses and, consequently, play an important role as a tool for the application of Forensic Entomology. Helicobia pilifera Lopes, 1939, Microcerella erythropyga (Lopes, 1936), Oxysarcodexia fringidea Curran & Walley, 1934 and Peckia (Peckia) pexata(Wulp, 1895) were recorded for the first time in a Forensic Entomology experiment in Rio de Janeiro, using domestic pig carcasses as substrate.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.03.015 2862 descargas

Synanthropy of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in La Pintada, Antioquia-Colombia
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Yepes-Gaurisas, Daniela

; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Juan David

; Antunes de Mello-Patiu, Cátia

; Wolff Echeverri, Marta

Revista de Biología Tropical

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Sep 2013, Volumen 61 Nº 3 Paginas 1275 - 1287

Resumen: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

La población de moscas se ha visto incrementada recientemente por la proliferación de residuos de materia orgánica proveniente de la actividad antrópica, así como por la domesticación de animales. Este aumento constituye una gran alerta de salud a nivel mundial, ya que algunas moscas son vectores de enfermedades al humano. Los Sarcophagidae cuentan con una gran variedad de hábitos de alimentación y desarrollo, los cuales tienen lugar en cadáveres de animales, excrementos y materia orgánica en descomposición; haciéndolos posibles vectores de patógenos. En este estudio se evaluó el índice de sinantropía, al igual que otros aspectos ecológicos de esta familia median- te muestreos mensuales simultáneos en tres zonas (urbana, rural y bosque), usando trampas van Someren Rydon ceba- das con excremento humano, vísceras de pollo, pescado y cebolla en descomposición. En cada zona se instalaron cuatro trampas (una por atrayente), durante 48 horas cada mes, realizando recolectas cada 12 horas. Se recolectaron 7 446 individuos de Sarcophagidae (1 275 machos y 6 171 hembras), de 27 especies y nueve géneros. Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) canuta (+96.67), Oxysarcodexia taitensis (+93.85), Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (+90.00) y Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) occidua (+88.76) presentaron los índices de sinantropía más altos del estudio, lo que refleja una fuerte preferencia por asentamientos humanos. Las especies más abundantes fueron: Oxysarcodexia conclausa (21.80%), Ravinia effrenata (18.67%), Oxysarcodexia bakeri (11.45%) y Oxysarcodexia taitensis (10.20%), todas exhibiendo preferencia por ambientes urbanizados. Se reportan siete nuevos registros para Colombia: Oxysarcodexia angrensis, Oxysarcodexia bakeri, Oxysarcodexia diana, Oxysarcodexia similata, Oxysarcodexia timida, Peckia (Peckia) pexata y Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) placida.

Recently, populations of flies have increased in numbers given the elevated levels of organic matter waste produced by anthropic activities and domestication of animals. Such increase represents a worldwide health concern, since flies can be vectors of human diseases. The great variety of feeding and developmental habits of flies of the family Sarcophagidae taking place on animal corpses, feces and decomposed organic matter make them potential vectors of pathogens. Herein, we evaluated the synanthropic index (SI), as well as other ecological aspects of this family, through simultaneous monthly samplings in three areas with different degrees of human disturbance (urban, rural and forest). Each area had four van Someren Rydon traps, each one with a different bait (i.e., human feces, chicken viscera, fish and decomposing onion). Traps were active during 48 hours each month, and specimen collection was made every 12 hours. A total of 7 446 Sarcophagidae individuals were collected (1 275 males and 6 171 females), belonging to 27 species and nine genera. Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) canuta (SI=+96.67), Oxysarcodexia taitensis (SI=+93.85), Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (SI=+90.00) and Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) occidua (SI=+88.76) exhibited the highest values of synanthropy index, revealing a strong preference for human settlements. The most abundant species were Oxysarcodexia conclausa (21.80%), Ravinia effrenata (18.67%), Oxysarcodexia bakeri (11.45%) and Oxysarcodexia taitensis (10.20%), all of which exhibited preference for urban environments. Additionally, we are reporting seven new records of Sarcophagid flies for Colombia: Oxysarcodexia angrensis, Oxysarcodexia bakeri, Oxysarcodexia diana, Oxysarcodexia similata, Oxysarcodexia timida, Peckia (Peckia) pexata and Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) placida.

1710 descargas

10.

On the taxonomic status of Nephochaetopteryx calida (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)
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Carvalho Filho, Fernando da Silva

; Esposito, Maria Cristina

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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Jun 2013, Volumen 57 Nº 2 Paginas 234 - 235

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

On the taxonomic status of Nephochaetopteryx calida (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Based on analysis of the holotype of Nephochaetopteryx calida (Wiedemann) it was concluded that this species does not belong to Nephochaetopteryx. The holotype is a female partly damaged and it was not possible to place it in one of Sarcophaginae genera, remaining as Sarcophaga calida Wiedemann, 1830, incertae sedis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000011 1606 descargas

11.

Description of the male of Lepidodexia (Xylocamptopsis) teffeensis (Townsend) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)
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Silva, Karlla Patrícia

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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Mar 2012, Volumen 56 Nº 1 Paginas 15 - 18

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Descrição do macho de Lepidodexia (Xylocamptopsis) teffeensis (Townsend, 1927) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). O macho de Lepidodexia (Xylocamptopsis) teffeensis é descrito e ilustrado pela primeira vez, com base em material depositado na coleção entomológica do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ). Esse subgênero monotípico tem sido registrado na Floresta Amazônica brasileira, primeiramente no estado do Amazonas e agora no Pará. A estrutura geral da terminália masculina é similar a de outras espécies de Lepidodexia, especialmente do subgênero Lepidodexia, pelo distifalo curto, juxta com projeção apical e vesica com lobo membranoso e espinhoso.

Description of the male of Lepidodexia (Xylocamptopsis) teffeensis (Townsend) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). The male of Lepidodexia (Xylocamptopsis) teffeensis (Townsend, 1927) is described and illustrated for the first time based on material housed in the entomological collection of Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ). This monotypic subgenus has been recorded in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, first in the state of Amazonas and now in the state of Pará. The general structure of the male terminalia is similar that of other Lepidodexia, especially of the subgenus Lepidodexia, by the short distiphallus, juxta with apical projection, and vesica with a membranous spinous lobe.

1838 descargas

12.

Pictorial identification key for species of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of potential forensic importance in southern Brazil
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Vairo, Karine Pinto e

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

; Carvalho, Claudio J. B. de

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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Sep 2011, Volumen 55 Nº 3 Paginas 333 - 347

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Chave pictórica para a identificação das espécies de Sarcophagidae (Diptera) de potencial importância forense do sul do Brasil. Espécies da subfamília Sarcophaginae são importantes para a entomologia forense devido ao seu hábito necrófago. Este trabalho apresenta uma chave pictórica para a identificação de 22 espécies de Sarcophaginae de 10 gêneros encontradas na região sul do Brasil. São fornecidas fotografias dos principais estruturas das espécies, principalmente da terminália masculina.

Pictorial identification key for species of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of potential forensic importance in southern Brazil. Species of the subfamily Sarcophaginae are important to forensic entomology due to their necrophagous habits. This contribution presents a pictorial key for the identification of 22 Sarcophaginae species in 10 genera that are commonly found in southern Brazil. Photographs of the main structures used in species identification, mainly from the male terminalia, are provided.

16206 descargas

13.

Two new Neotropical species of the genus Oxysarcodexia Townsend (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)
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Soares, Wallace Faria

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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Mar 2010, Volumen 54 Nº 1 Paginas 72 - 75

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Oxysarcodexia nitida sp. nov. e O. notata sp. nov. do Peru são descritas e ilustradas com base em espécimes machos. Esses novos táxons são morfologicamente mais similares a O. vittata (Walker) e O. xon (Dodge), respectivamente.

Two new Neotropical species of the genus Oxysarcodexia Townsend (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Oxysarcodexia nitida sp. nov. and O. notata sp. nov. from Peru are described and illustrated based on male specimens. These new taxa are morphologically more similar to O. vittata (Walker) and O. xon (Dodge) respectively.

2606 descargas Citado 2 veces en SciELO

14.

Temporal distribution of ten calyptrate dipteran species of medicolegal importance in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Barbosa, Rodrigo Rocha

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

; Ururahy-Rodrigues, Alexandre

; Barbosa, Celso Guimarães

; Queiroz, Margareth Maria de Carvalho

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Mar 2010, Volumen 105 Nº 2 Paginas 191 - 198

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Brazilian studies involving entomological succession patterns in carcasses have been used to describe the necrophagous entomofauna of a determined municipality or region with forensic objectives. Following the same objectives, an ecological study with 10 calyptrate dipterans was carried out during the winter of 2007 and the summer of 2008 in the metropolitan region of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The aim of this study was to describe several aspects of the phenology of these species in three neighbouring areas. Carcasses of three domestic pigs (Sus scrofa L.) were used in each season as models for forensic and legal medicine investigations in the region. Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were measured daily and their relations with population abundance of the colonising species and the decomposition stages were analysed. Ten fly species were recorded to be colonising the carcasses, five of which belonged to the Calliphoridae family, three to the Muscidae, one to the Fanniidae and one to the Sarcophagidae family. Data show preferences of these species for climatic season and decomposition stage, as well as for the studied area and suggest that short distances can significantly influence the abundance of some species.

2547 descargas Citado 4 veces en SciELO

15.

Revisão das espécies de Stylogaster Macquart do grupo stylata com descrição de uma espécie nova do Brasil (Diptera, Conopidae, Stylogasterinae)
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Rocha, Leonardo Silvestre Gomes

; Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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Dic 2009, Volumen 53 Nº 4 Paginas 549 - 564

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

As espécies brasileiras de Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 do grupo stylata são detalhadamente estudadas e redescritas: Stylogaster brasilia Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. dispar Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. longispina Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. rafaeli Camras & Parrillo, 1996, S. souzai Monteiro, 1960, and S. stylata (Fabricius, 1805). Uma nova espécie do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro - S. fluminensis sp. nov., é descrita e comparada com S. stylosa Townsend, 1897, redescrita com base no material-tipo. Diagnoses, chaves de identificação, distribuição geográfica e ilustrações são também fornecidas.

The Brazilian species of Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 from the stylata group are studied and redescribed in detail: Stylogaster brasilia Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. dispar Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. longispina Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. rafaeli Camras & Parrillo, 1996, S. souzai Monteiro, 1960, and S. stylata (Fabricius, 1805). A new species from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro - S. fluminensis sp. nov., is described and compared with S. stylosa Townsend, 1897, which is also redescribed based on type material. Diagnosis, keys for identification, geographic distributions and illustrations are also provided.

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