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ABSTRACT Introduction. The behavior of COVID-19 is influenced by diverse social differentials that transcend demographic variables and include morbidity, the conditions of their homes, family dynamics, job performance, gender roles and stereotypes, care tasks, habits, and behaviors of life and consumption, among others. Methods. Statistical and demographic analysis and tools of metric studies of the information were used. Results and Discussion. The research showed the importance of incorporating into the analysis of the behavior of COVID-19 in Cuba the influence of social and epidemiological differentials determined by skin color, marital status, employment status, income levels, types of families, mobility, hygienic environmental conditions, access to health services, among others, which can place populations in greater or lesser conditions of vulnerability. Conclusions: The composition and dynamics of the population together with other social differentials are determinants of the behavior and expression of the pandemic. The crossing of epidemiological factors with the analysis of containment measures and the composition and structure of the affected population allows for the design of health policies that are more adjusted to the needs of the pandemic. Distance psychological counseling makes it possible to identify and deal with situations related to confinement and changes in life routines that affect the mental health of different groups of people.

RESUMEN Introducción. El comportamiento de la COVID-19 está influenciado por diferenciales sociales que trascienden las variables demográficas e incluyen la morbilidad, las condiciones de sus viviendas, las dinámicas familiares, el desempeño laboral, los roles y estereotipos de género, las tareas de cuidado, los hábitos y comportamientos de vida y consumo, entre otros. Métodos. Se empleó el análisis estadístico y demográfico y herramientas de los estudios métricos. Resultados y Discusión. La investigación mostró la importancia de incorporar a los análisis del comportamiento de la COVID-19 en Cuba la influencia de diferenciales sociales y epidemiológicos determinados por el color de la piel, el estado conyugal, la situación laboral, los niveles de ingreso, los tipos de familias, la movilidad, las condiciones higiénico ambientales, el acceso a los servicios de salud, entre otros, que pueden ubicar a las poblaciones en mayores o menores condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Conclusiones, la composición y la dinámica de la población junto a otros diferenciales sociales son determinantes del comportamiento de la pandemia. El cruzamiento de los factores epidemiológicos con el análisis de las medidas de contención y la composición y estructura de población afectada permite diseñar políticas sanitarias más ajustadas a las necesidades de la pandemia. La orientación psicológica a distancia permite identificar y atender situaciones vinculadas al confinamiento y los cambios en las rutinas de vida que afectan la salud mental de diferentes grupos de personas.

Brazil’s leading environmental agency and aquatic biodiversity threatened by federal decree
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DIAS, ROSA MARIA

; PELICICE, FERNANDO M.

; TÓFOLI, RAFFAEL MARCOS

; ALVES, GUSTAVO HENRIQUE Z.

; LOPES, TAISE MIRANDA

; CASTELLO, LEANDRO

; TONELLA, LÍVIA HELENA

; ESPÍNOLA, LUIS ALBERTO

; AGOSTINHO, ANGELO ANTONIO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volumen 93 Nº 4 elocation e20200175

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120210175 59 descargas

Poor Sleep quality and health-related quality of life impact in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions during COVID-19 quarantine
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Helito, Alberto C.

; Lindoso, Livia

; Sieczkowska, Sofia M.

; Astley, Camilla

; Queiroz, Ligia B.

; Rose, Natalia

; Santos, Claudia Renata P.

; Bolzan, Thalis

; Peralta, Rita María I.A.

; Franco, Ruth R.

; Cominato, Louise

; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.

; Tannuri, Uenis

; Campos, Lucia Maria A.

; Lourenço, Benito

; Toma, Ricardo K.

; Medeiros, Karina

; Watanabe, Andréia

; Grangeiro, Patricia Moreno

; Farhat, Sylvia C.

; Casella, Caio B.

; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.

; Gualano, Bruno

; Silva, Clovis A.

; Sallum, Adriana M. E.

; Iraha, Amanda Y.

; Ihara, Bianca P.

; Mazzolani, Bruna C.

; Martinez, Claudia A.

; Strabelli, Claudia A. A.

; Fonseca, Claudia B.

; Lima, Dandara C. C.

; Setoue, Debora N. D.

; Roz, Deborah F. P.

; Smaira, Fabiana I.

; Roschel, Hamilton

; Miyatani, Helena T.

; Marques, Isabela G.

; Oba, Jane

; Ferreira, Juliana C. O.

; Simon, Juliana R.

; Kozu, Katia

; Saccani, Ligia P.

; Martiniano, Lorena V. M.

; Miranda, Luana C. A.

; Silva, Luiz E. V.

; Laurentino, Moisés F.

; Aikawa, Nadia E.

; Sakita, Neusa K.

; Tanigava, Nicolas Y.

; Pereira, Paulo R. A.

; Palmeira, Patrícia

; Angelo, Simone S.

; Lavorato, Sofia S. M.

; Bernardes, Tamires M.

; Franco, Tathiane C.

; Viana, Vivianne S. L.

; Barros, Vera P. M. F. R.

; Zheng, Yingying

Clinics

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2021, Volumen 76 elocation e3501

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible factors that influence sleep quality in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions quarantined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 305 adolescents with chronic immunocompromised conditions and 82 healthy adolescents. Online surveys were completed, which included questions on socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and the following validated questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0), and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). RESULTS: The median current age [14 (10-18) vs. 15 (10-18) years, p=0.847] and frequency of female sex (62% vs. 58%, p=0.571) were similar in adolescents with chronic conditions compared with healthy adolescents. The frequency of poor sleep quality was similar in both groups (38% vs. 48%, p=0.118). Logistic regression analysis, including both healthy adolescents and adolescents with chronic conditions (n=387), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.8; p=0.008) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.5; p=0.008) were independently associated with poor sleep quality in these adolescents. However, the PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for poor sleep quality (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99; p=0.001). Further logistic regression, including only adolescents with chronic conditions (n=305), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.8; p=0.006) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4; p=0.011) remained independently associated with poor quality of sleep, whereas a lower PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for sleep quality (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Self-reported increases in screen time and intrafamilial violence report impacted sleep quality in both healthy adolescents and those with chronic conditions. Decreased health-related quality of life was observed in adolescents with poor sleep quality.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3501

Frecuencia de M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis y M. hyosynoviae en muestras nasales y de pulmón de cerdos con síntomas de neumonía enzoótica porcina
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Miranda Morales, Rosa Elena

; Rojas Trejo, Verónica

; López-Cerino, Luis Enrique

; Carrillo Casas, Erika Margarita

; Sarmiento Silva, Rosa Elena

; Trujillo Ortega, María Elena

; Beltrán Figueroa, Rolando

; Trigo Tavera, Francisco José

Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias

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Dic 2020, Volumen 11 Nº 4 Paginas 946 - 960

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae are genetically related species of the genus Mycoplasma that affect pig production. The objective of this work was the isolation and identification by PCR of M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae from nasal swabs and lung samples of pigs from different regions of Mexico in order to determine the frequency of these species and to evaluate PCR as a diagnostic tool for PEP. Pigs aged 4 to 8 weeks with clinical diagnosis of PEP were included. Lung samples and nasal swabs were obtained for the isolation of the Mycoplasma in liquid Friis medium and identified by species-specific PCR based on the 16S rRNA subunit. Isolation was achieved in 37.11 % (36/97) of the samples. The three Mycoplasma species were identified in lung and nasal swab samples. Mycoplasma co-infection was identified in 27.77 % (10/36). The bacterial genera associated with Mycoplasma infections were E. coli, Bordetella, Enterobacter, SCN, Corynebacterium, Pasteurella, Streptococcus, Shigella and Klebsiella. Mixed infection was present in 26 nasal swabs (45.61 %) and absent in the lungs. It was concluded that the frequency of Mycoplasma on production farms was higher than expected (40.27 %). It was also identified other Mycoplasma species involved in the development of PEP. Therefore, surveillance through isolation and molecular techniques can be of great help to breeding stock providers, as well as for removing Mycoplasma from pig farms.

Resumen M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis y M. hyopsynoviae son especies genéticamente relacionadas del género Mycoplasma que afectan la producción porcina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue el aislamiento e identificación por PCR de M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis y M. hyosynoviae a partir de hisopos nasales y muestras de pulmón de cerdos de diferentes regiones mexicanas para determinar la frecuencia de estas especies y evaluar la PCR como herramienta diagnóstica para NEP. Se incluyeron cerdos de 4 a 8 semanas con diagnóstico clínico de NEP. Se obtuvieron muestras de pulmón e hisopos nasales para el aislamiento de Mycoplasma en medio Friis líquido y se identificaron mediante la PCR especie-específica basada en la subunidad 16S rRNA. El aislamiento se logró en 37.11 % (36/97) muestras. Las tres especies de Mycoplasma se identificaron en muestras de pulmón e hisopos nasales. La co-infección por Mycoplasma se identificó en el 27.77 % (10/36). Los géneros bacterianos asociados a las infecciones por Mycoplasma fueron E. coli, Bordetella, Enterobacter, SCN, Corynebacterium, Pasteurella, Streptococcus, Shigella y Kebsiella. La infección mixta estuvo presente en 26 hisopos nasales (45.61 %) y ausente en pulmones. Se concluyó que la frecuencia de Mycoplasma en las fincas de producción fue mayor a la esperada (40.27 %). También se identificaron otras especies de Mycoplasma involucradas en el desarrollo de la NEP. Por lo tanto, la vigilancia asistida por el aislamiento y las técnicas moleculares pueden ser de gran ayuda para la eliminación de Mycoplasma de las explotaciones porcinas y para los proveedores de pie de cría.

https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v11i4.5124 820 descargas

Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA and genetic markers for Isoniazid resistance in Ziehl-Neelsen stained slides
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Bello, Graziele Lima

; Morais, Franciele Costa Leite

; de Jesus, Sheile Pinheiro

; Wolf, Jonas Michel

; Gehlen, Mirela

; de Almeida, Isabela Neves

; Figueiredo, Lida Jouca de Assis

; Soares, Tainá dos Santos

; Barcellos, Regina Bones

; Dalla Costa, Elis Regina

; de Miranda, Silvana Spíndola

; Rossetti, Maria Lucia Rosa

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2020, Volumen 115 elocation e190407

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and identification of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to anti-TB drugs are considered the main factors for disease control. OBJECTIVES To standardise a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay technique and apply it to identify mutations involved in M. tuberculosis resistance to Isoniazid (INH) directly in Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stained slides. METHODS Were analysed 55 independent DNA samples extracted from clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis by sequencing. For application in TB diagnosis resistance, 59 ZN-stained slides were used. The sensitivity, specificity and Kappa index, with a 95% confidence interval (CI95%), were determined. FINDINGS The agreement between the tests was, for the katG target, the Kappa index of 0.89 (CI95%: 0.7-1.0). The sensitivity and specificity were 97.6% (CI95%: 87.7-99.9) and 91.7% (CI95%: 61.5-99.5), respectively. For inhA, the Kappa index was 0.92 (CI95%: 0.8-1.0), the sensitivity and specificity were 94.4% (CI95%: 72.7-99.8) and 97.3% (CI95%: 85.8-99.9), respectively. The use of ZN-stained slides for drug-resistant TB detection showed significant results when compared to other standard tests for drug resistance. MAIN CONCLUSIONS qPCR genotyping proved to be an efficient method to detect genes that confer M. tuberculosis resistance to INH. Thus, qPCR genotyping may be an alternative instead of sequencing.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760190407 985 descargas

Síndrome de Horner como motivo de consulta en paciente con tumor de mama. Reporte de caso
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Martínez-Mayorquín, Verónica C.

; Lozano-Elizondo, David

; Moreno-Anda, Rosa E.

; Pesci-Eguía, Luis M.

; Miranda-Sánchez, Karina L.

; González-Olhovich, Irene

Revista mexicana de oftalmología

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Oct 2019, Volumen 93 Nº 5 Paginas 258 - 261

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Horner’s syndrome consists of an injury to the sympathetic pupillary pathway. Described with the triad: ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis. Recognizing the signs of this syndrome, their levels of injury and causes are of paramount importance to the clinician. Case: A 38-year-old female patient presented with ptosis of the upper eyelid, right eye, 2 months of evolution, growth of axillary ganglion 4 years ago, also cough of 6 month duration; 6 kg weight loss in 3 months. Exploration: mild ptosis, greater anisocoria in the dark, right miosis. Sistemic exploration: right breast tumor of 6cm, adhered to deep planes. The patient was referred to an oncological center. This case is important because there is a wide spread of prevention programs, however, there are still people who continue to hide their diseases, we must not forget that the eyeball is a key point to detect systemic diseases.

Resumen El síndrome de Horner consiste en una lesión de la vía pupilar simpática. Descrito con la triada: ptosis, miosis y anhidrosis. Reconocer los signos de este síndrome, sus niveles de lesión y las causas es de suma importancia. Caso: Paciente mujer de 38 años de edad, acude por ptosis del párpado superior del ojo derecho de 2 meses de evolución, hace 4 años ganglio axilar, hace 6 meses aparición de tos; pérdida de peso: 6 kg en 3 meses. Exploración: ptosis leve, anisocoria mayor en la oscuridad, miosis derecha. Se realiza exploración: tumoración en la mama derecha de 6 cm, adherida a planos profundos. Se envía al centro de cancerología. Este caso toma importancia, ya que actualmente existe una amplia difusión de programas de prevención, sin embargo, aún hay personas que siguen escondiendo sus padecimientos, no debemos olvidar que el globo ocular es punto clave para detectar enfermedades sistémicas.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rmo.m18000026 188 descargas

Apendicectomía laparoscópica por sistema «glove port»: nuestros primeros 100 casos
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Reoyo Pascual, José Felipe

; León Miranda, Raquel

; Cartón Hernández, Carlos

; Alonso Alonso, Evelio

; Martínez Castro, Rosa M.

; Sánchez Manuel, Javier

Revista chilena de cirugía

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Dic 2017, Volumen 69 Nº 6 Paginas 467 - 471

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Introduction: Single port laparoscopic appendectomy is an advance in minimally invasive techniques. The objective of this study is to show our series of 100 cases of acute appendicitis, operated through a single port technique using the ‘glove port’ system, exposing our technique, results and follow up of our patients. Material and methods: We present the series of 100 cases intervened from February 2013 to January 2017 detailing the elements that make up the ‘glove port’ system. Results: Of the 100 operated appendicitis, there were 3 postoperative collections and 1 surgical wound infection, which shows the good results obtained with this technique, emphasizing the excellent aesthetic result. We also point out that it is an economic system that does not make conventional laparoscopy more expensive. Conclusions: Single port laparoscopic appendectomy is safe, effective, economical and useful for the surgeon to acquire skills in a single port laparoscopic approach.

Resumen Introducción: La apendicectomía laparoscópica por puerto único supone un avance en las técnicas mínimamente invasivas. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar nuestra serie de 100 casos de apendicitis aguda, intervenidos mediante técnica de puerto único utilizando el sistema «glove port», exponiendo nuestra técnica, resultados y seguimiento de nuestros pacientes. Material y métodos: Exponemos la serie de 100 casos intervenidos desde febrero de 2013 hasta enero de 2017 detallando los elementos que componen el sistema «glove port». Resultados: De las 100 apendicitis intervenidas, hubo 3 colecciones postoperatorias y una infección de herida quirúrgica, lo que muestra los buenos resultados obtenidos con esta técnica, haciendo hincapié en el excelente resultado estético. También señalamos que es un sistema económico que no encarece la laparoscopia convencional. Conclusiones: La apendicectomía laparoscópica por puerto único es segura, eficaz, económica y útil para que el cirujano adquiera habilidad en el abordaje laparoscópico por puerto único.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rchic.2017.05.004 1122 descargas

Cinética de cambios sensoriales y vida de anaquel de carambola mínimamente procesada
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González-González, Gladys

; Pirovani, María E.

; Piagentini, Andrea M.

; Ulín-Montejo, Fidel

; Miranda-Cruz, Edith

; Osorio-Osorio, Rodolfo

; Maldonado-Enríquez, Emilio J.

; Salinas-Hernández, Rosa M.

Revista fitotecnia mexicana

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Dic 2016, Volumen 39 Nº 4 Paginas 393 - 402

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: In order to establish appropriate conditions of storage, to reduce losses of quality in the distribution of fresh-cut star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.), minimally processed fruits were stored at 4.9, 7.8 and 12.8 oC for 14, 8 and 3 d, respectively. The samples were evaluated by a trained panel and kinetics of sensory changes were determined by fitting models of zero and first order, obtained from a deterioration general model, based on the coefficient of determination (R2) obtained by linear regression analysis. From the kinetic constants of the fitted model, the activation energy (Ea) for each attribute was obtained by means of the Arrhenius equation. The shelf-life of the product was estimated from the kinetic constants and the middle value of the linear scale of 10 cm as shelf-life limit value, for each attribute evaluated. Changes in aroma, off-odor, brightness, flavor, cohesiveness and juiciness, fitted better to the first-order kinetics and the rest to zero-order kinetics. Greatest values (Ea) were for cohesiveness, off-odor and off-flavor (254.87, 225.60 y 214.31 kJ mol-1, respectively), while the lowest values were for color, juiciness and fermented odor (134.18, 141.35 y 141.38 kJ mol-1). Shelf-life estimated for the minimally processed star fruit was 11, 6 and 2 d at 4.9, 7.8 and 12.8 oC, respectively. The values estimated of Ea highlight the necessity of a proper management of temperature, during the processing, storage and marketing of the product. The changes that limited shelf-life were browning and off-odors.

Resumen: Con el propósito de establecer condiciones de almacenamiento adecuadas, para reducir la pérdida de calidad en la distribución de carambola mínimamente procesada, frutos de carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) frescos cortados se almacenaron a 4.9, 7.8 y 12.8 oC durante 14, 8 y 3 d, respectivamente. Las muestras fueron evaluadas por un panel entrenado y la cinética de los cambios sensoriales se determinó mediante el ajuste de modelos de cero y primer orden, con base en el coeficiente de determinación (R2) obtenido por análisis de regresión lineal simple. A partir de las constantes cinéticas del modelo ajustado, se obtuvo la energía de activación (Ea) para cada atributo, mediante la ecuación de Arrhenius. La vida de anaquel del producto se estimó a partir de las constantes cinéticas y el valor medio de la escala lineal de 10 cm como valor límite de vida útil, para cada atributo evaluado. Los cambios en olor característico, olor extraño, brillo, sabor característico, consistencia y jugosidad ajustaron mejor a cinéticas de primer orden y el resto a cinéticas de orden cero. Los valores más altos de Ea fueron para consistencia, olor característico y sabor extraño (254.87, 225.60 y 214.31 kJ mol-1, respectivamente), mientras que los más bajos fueron para color característico, jugosidad y olor fermentado (134.18, 141.35 y 141.38 kJ mol-1). La vida de anaquel estimada de la carambola mínimamente procesada fue de 11, 6 y 2 d para las temperaturas de 4.9, 7.8 y 12.8 oC, respectivamente. Los valores de Ea estimados remarcan la necesidad de un adecuado manejo de temperatura durante el procesamiento, almacenamiento y comercialización del producto. Los cambios que acortan la vida de anaquel fueron la aparición de olor fermentado y oscurecimiento.

10698 descargas

A round-robin test with thermal simulation of the welding HAZ to draw CCT diagrams: a need for harmonized procedures and microconstituent terminologies
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Scotti, Américo

; Li, Huijun

; Miranda, Rosa M.

Soldagem & Inspeção

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Sep 2014, Volumen 19 Nº 3 Paginas 279 - 290

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Simulações térmicas de zona afetada de calor (ZAC) têm sido amplamente utilizadas. Este é um meio econômico e agil para avaliação das transformações de fase em aços quando submetidos a ciclos térmicos de soldagem, bem como para determinar diagramas de transformação de resfriamento contínuo (CRC). Diferentes abordagens para a simulação e configuração de parâmetros têm sido usadas por vários pesquisadores, embora conduzindo a resultados não totalmente similares. Assim, foi proposta uma rodada do tipo "round-robin" teste com diferentes laboratórios, com o objetivo de evidenciar potenciais fontes de erro ou inadequação das abordagens. Um aço alta resistência baixa liga (ARBL) foi usado como estudo de caso. Apesar do número limitado de testes, os dados mostram baixa robustez quando comparados os resultados advindos dos diferentes laboratórios e apontam para a necessidade de se programar três ações. A primeira é para implementar um programa cooperativo e multi-institucional para avaliar o efeito dos parâmetros relevantes da simulação, tais como a taxa de aquecimento e tempo de permanência na temperatura de pico, sobre as microestrutura e temperaturas finais de transformação, bem como sobre a dureza, de uma dada taxa de resfriamento. A segunda é propor procedimentos de calibração para os sistemas de simulação e medição. A terceira ação é estimular os especialistas desta área para desenvolver um guia de terminologia para constituintes na zona afetadapelo calor de aços ferríticos.

Thermal simulations of heat affected zone (HAZ) have been widely used. This is an economic expedite process for phase transformation evaluations in steels when subjected to weld thermal cycles as well as to draw continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams. Different approaches for the simulation and parameter settings have been used by several researchers, yet leading to not always even results. Thus, it was proposed a round-robin test trial performed by different laboratories, aiming to evidence potential sources of error or inadequacy of the approaches. A High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel was used as a case study. Despite the limited number of tests, the results show low robustness when comparing the outcomes from the different laboratories and point out for the need to take three actions. The first one is to implement a cooperative and multi-institutional program to assess the effect of relevant simulation parameters, such as the heating rate and holding time at peak temperature, on the final microstructure and transformation temperatures as well as on the hardness for a given cooling rate. The second is to propose calibration procedures for the simulation and measurement systems. The third action is to stimulate experts in this area to develop a guideline of terminology for constituents in the heat affected zone of ferritic steels.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-9224/SI1903.11 3405 descargas

10.

Welding shape memory alloys with NdYAG lasers
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Quintino, Luisa

; Miranda, Rosa M.

Soldagem & Inspeção

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Sep 2012, Volumen 17 Nº 3 Paginas 210 - 217

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A procura de técnicas de ligação para ligas de memória de forma tem-se revetido de importância crescente, devido ao desenvolvimento de aplicações deste material com particulares propriedades de memória de forma e superelasticidade. A soldadura de ligas de memória de forma é um desafio devido ao risco de emporbrecimento das propriedades mecânicas depois do processamento laser. A aplicação alargarda destas ligas em vários sectores como o aeroespacial, medico ou electrónico é prejudicado pelas limitações de processamento. A necessidade de soldar ligas de memória de forma a outros materiais é premente para estes sectores. Em juntas dissimilares, o entendimento do comportamento dos materaias é um desafio ainda maior uma vez que os materias base têm propriedades diferentes com consquentes diferenças no escoamento térmico, movimentação de fuido e distribuição de tensões residuais. A composição química varia ao longo do banho de fusão e formam-se compostos intermetálicos. É essencial realizar-se investigação sobre estes efeitos do processamento laser de NiTi para ultrapassar este desafio. O presente estudo visa analisar os efeitos da soldadura a laser na forma do cordão de soldadura em juntas similares e dissimilares de NiTi com aço inoxidável e ligas de titâneo.

The demand of emerging joining techniques for shape memory alloys (SMA) has become of great importance, as their functional properties namely shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity (SE) present unique solutions for state-of-the-art applications. Welding of SMAs is a challenge due to the risk of reduced mechanical performance after laser processing. The wider application of these alloys in various sectors as aerospace, medical or electronic industry is hindered by the limitations in its processing. The need to weld SMAs to other materials is pressing for applications in the above referred sectors. In dissimilar joints the need to understand materials behavior is even more challenging since base materials have different physical properties leading to different heat flow, convection processes and residual stress distribution. The chemical composition across the weld pool varies and intermetallic compounds are formed. Research detailing the effects of laser processing on NiTi is essential to overcome many of these challenges. The objectives of the current study are to analyze the effects of laser welding in the weld shape of both similar and dissimilar joints of NiTi to stainless steel and titanium alloys.

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11.

Diagnóstico de un caso de rabia humana en Jujuy, 2008
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Gury-Dohmen, Federico

; Baspineiro, Berta

; Gury, Graciela

; Martínez, Leila

; Miranda, María Rosa

; Cisterna, Daniel M.

Medicina (Buenos Aires)

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Dic 2009, Volumen 69 Nº 6 Paginas 643 - 646

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

On July 22, 2008, a previously healthy 8 years old boy from Jujuy, Argentina, died of encephalitis later confirmed as rabies. Diagnosis was made on the basis rabies-specific antibodies presence in a serum sample and it was confirmed by detection of the viral antigens in brain necropsy using the inmunofluorescent test. Antigenic characterization identified dog as source of infection. Molecular analysis recognized the same genetic variant circulating in Jujuy since 2003. This report presents the patient's clinical course and the epidemiologic investigation that revealed a dog bite 60 days before the illness onset and the lack of rabies treatment.

El 22 de Julio de 2008, un niño de 8 años de edad, residente en la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina, falleció por una encefalitis producida por el virus de la rabia. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante la detección de anticuerpos en suero y se confirmó por inmunofluorescencia en el cerebro. La tipificación antigénica correspondió a la variante 1 trasmitida por perros. El análisis molecular estableció que el virus detectado es de la misma variante genética que circula en Jujuy desde 2003. Este trabajo resume la evolución clínica del paciente y la posterior investigación epidemiológica que reveló el antecedente de mordedura por un perro 60 días antes de la iniciación de la enfermedad y la ausencia de un tratamiento antirrábico post-exposición.

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12.

Infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina adquiridas en la comunidad en niños antes sanos y en niños relacionados al hospital en la Argentina
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Paganini, M, Hugo

; Della L, Paula

; Muller O, Beatriz

; Ezcurra, Gustavo

; Uranga, Macarena

; Aguirre, Clarisa

; Ensinck, Gabriela

; Miranda, Marys Kamiya, M. Rosa

; Ciriaci, Cristina

; Hernández, Claudia

; Casimir, Lidia

; Rial, M. José

; Schenonne, Norma

; Ronchi, Estela

; Rodríguez, M. del Carmen

; Aprile, Fabiana

; De Ricco, Catalina

; Saito, Viviana

; Vrátnica, Claudia

; Pons, Laura

; Ernst, Adriana

; Morinigo, Sandra

; Toffoli, Marcelo

; Bosque, Celia

; Monzani, Victoria

; Mónaco, Andrea

; Pinheiro, José L

; López, M. del Pilar

; Maninno, Leonardo

; Sarkis, Claudia

Revista chilena de infectología

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Oct 2009, Volumen 26 Nº 5 Paginas 406 - 412

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (CA-MRSA) are prevalent in several countries of the world. These infections seem to differ clinically from those occurring within the health care system (HCS-MRSA). Objective: To compare clinical characteristics of infections by CA-MRSA and HCA-MRSA in the same communitty. Material and Methods: Prospective, multicentric and comparative study. Children with clinically and microbiologicaly documented CA-MRSA were included. Results: Between 11/2006 and 11/2007, 840 infections caused by S. aureus were diagnosed. Of them 582 (68%) were community-acquired. Among these 356 (61%) were CA-MRSA. In this group, 75 (21%) were HCA-MRSA and 281 (79%) CA-MRSA. The median age was 36months (range: 1-201). Chronic skindisease (13) and chronic disease of CNS (9) were the underlying disease predominant. Children with CA-MRSAhad more frequency of previous antibiotic treatment (63 vs 34%) and previous medical consult (76 vs 52%), invasive procedures (31 vs 8%), surgery (15 vs 0,3%) and fever (94 vs 74%) (p = <05). Children with CA-MRSAhad subcutaneous abscesses (34 vs 15%) (p = <.05) more frequently. Bacteremia and sepsis rate was similar in both groups (21 vs 18%) and 17 vs 11%) respectively) (p = NS). Antibiotic resistance was more frequent in children with HCA-MRSA: Rifampin (7 vs 1%), trimethoprim-sulphametoxazole (7 vs 1%) and clindamycin (25 vs 9%) (p = <.05). Four children (5%) with HCA-MRSA infections died and 3 (1%) mCA-MRSAgroup (p = .05). Conclusión: Children with HCA-MRSA infections more frequent antibiotic resistance than CA-MRSA should be reconsider the empiric antibiotic treatment of community-acquired infections in children in our área.

Introducción: Staphylococcus aureus meticilina-resistente proveniente de la comunidad (SAMRC) es altamente prevalente en diversos países del planeta. Objetivos: Realizar un análisis clínico comparativo entre las infecciones por SAMRC en niños antes sanos (SAMR-CO) y aquellos con S. aureus MR en pacientes con patologías previas (SAMR-RH). Material y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo y comparativo. Fueron incluidos los niños que tenían infección clínica y microbiológicamente documentada por SAMRC. Resultados: Entre 11/2006 y 11/2007 fueron diagnosticadas 840 infecciones porS. aureus. De ellas 582 (69%) fueron detectadas en la comunidad. Entre estas 356 (61%) fueron SAMRC. Entre estas últimas 75 (21%) fueron SAMR-RH y 281 (79%) SAMR-CO. La mediana de edad fue de 36 meses (rango: 1-201). Las enfermedades de base más frecuentes fueron: dermatopatías crónicas (13) y enfermedad crónica del SNC (9). Los niños con infección por SAMR-RH presentaron con mayor frecuencia tratamiento antimicrobiano previo (63 vs 34%), consultas médicas previas (76 vs 52%), procedimiento invasor previo (31 vs 8%o), cirugía (15 vs 0,3%) y fiebre al momento de la consulta (94 vs 74%) (p < 0,05). Los niños con infección por SAMR-CO tuvieron con mayor frecuencia abscesos subcutáneos (34 vs 15%) (p < 0,05). La tasa de bacteriemia y se sepsis fue semejante en ambos grupos (21 vs 18% y 17 vs 11%)) (p =NS). La resistencia a antimicrobianos fue mayor en niños con SAMR-RH: rifampicina (7 vs l%o), cotrimoxazol (7 vs 1%) y clindamicina (25 vs 9%) (p < 0,05). Fallecieron 4 niños con SAMR-RH (5%) y 3 niños con SAMR-CO (1%) (p = 0,05). Conclusión: Los niños con SAMR-RH presentan mayor tasa de resistencia a antimicrobianos que SAMR-CO. Debe replantearse el tratamiento antimicrobiano empírico en niños con infecciones provenientes de la comunidad en nuestro medio.

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13.

Uso da geoestatística na avaliação da distribuição de Mahanarva fimbriolata em cana-de-açúcar
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Dinardo-Miranda, Leila Luci

; Vasconcelos, Antonio Carlos Machado

; Veira, Sidney Rosa

; Fracasso, Juliano Vilela

; Grego, Célia Rerina

Bragantia

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2007, Volumen 66 Nº 3 Paginas 449 - 455

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A distribuição espacial de Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) foi estudada em campo de colheita mecanizada de cana crua, utilizando-se de geoestatística. O experimento foi desenvolvido em área de 1,5 ha, dividida em 100 parcelas de 150 m² cada uma. No sulco central de cada parcelam, foram feitos sete levantamentos populacionais entre 24/11/04 e 22/3/05, período de maior ocorrência da praga. O índice de Morisita foi maior que 1 em todas as épocas de amostragem, posto que M. fimbriolata distribui-se de forma agregada na cultura e esse padrão não se alterou ao longo do tempo, nem foi influenciado pelo nível de infestação. As análises geoestatísticas dos dados permitiram construir mapas e estimar a dependência espacial das amostras somente nas amostragens efetuadas a partir de 11/1/05, por ocasião do início da segunda geração da praga. Os alcances obtidos nessas condições variaram de 33 a 53 m, revelando que seriam necessários até três pontos de amostragem por hectare para uma estimativa confiável da densidade populacional. No início do período de ocorrência da cigarrinha, não foi possível elaborar mapas pelo fato de a distância entre os pontos de amostragem ter sido grande demais para permitir a detecção de dependência espacial entre eles. Com base nisso, pode-se inferir que, nesse período, seriam necessários mais de 3 pontos por hectare para estimar a população da área.

Spatial distribution of Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) was studied in a 1,5 ha mechanically harvested green cane field, covering an area of 1.5ha, which was divided into 100 plots of 150 m² each. Seven evaluations of insect population were made between 24/11/2004 and 22/03/2005, which corresponds to the period of high infestation levels; insects were counted in the central row of each plot. The Morisita index was greater than 1 for all evaluations, indicating that the M. fimbriolata has aggregated spatial distribution and this pattern did not change over time and it was not affected by the infestation level. The geostatistical analysis allowed the construction of contour maps through kriging interpolation using the spatial dependence expressed in the semivariograms for the samplings made after 01/11/2005, when the insect was in second generation. The ranges varied from 33 to 53 m and, using this information, it was estimated that it was necessary to sample 3 points/ha to adequately estimate the insect population. At the beginning of the studied period, when the insect population was still low, it was not possible to construct population maps using kriging interpolation because the distance between sampling points was too large to detect spatial dependence. For this reason, it was concluded that for this period, more than 3 samples.ha-1 would be necessary to estimate the insect population.

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14.

Pesquisa participante na intervenção da transmissão de helmintoses intestinais (cidade satélite do Paranoá - Distrito Federal)
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Mello, Dalva A.

; Martins, Cristina B.

; Bittencourt Jr, Augusto Cesar

; Matos, Rosa M. C. de

; Pina, Fausto

; Miranda, Zeedivaldo A.

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Sep 1995, Volumen 28 Nº 3 Paginas 223 - 232

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste trabalho, desenvolvido na Cidade Satélite do Paranoá/DF, pretende-se desenvolver um projeto de pesquisa participante que contribuísse para a redução dos índices de infecção de helmintoses intestinais em um grupo de crianças de risco nutricional. A unidade da pesquisa foi o Núcleo Familiar que compreetzdia pais, filhos e outros parentes que habitavam a mesma residência. Um conjunto de ações instrumentais técnicas e de processos educativos acompanharam todas as etapas do projeto. As práticas foram participativas, problematizadoras, estimulantes a análises e reflexões críticas, objetivando a construção, socialização e apropriação de um novo saber. As ações técnicas compreenderam os exames fecais e tratamento. As ações educativas, tiveram como princípio a pedagogia problematizadora estimulante a análises e reflexões críticas, tendo por eixo condutor a Promoção a Saúde como Qualidade de Vida e Cidadania. O programa dessas ações compreendeu: visitas domiciliares, aplicação de questionário, reuniões de grupos até a entrega dos resultados dos exames e tratamento. Procurou-se resgatar no Tema Gerador a História dos Indivíduos e da Comunidade, Identificação e Reflexão dos Problemas do Paranoá; Confronto da Realidade Vivenciada. Um conjunto de métodos e técnicas pedagógicas estimulantes à participação foram utilizados. Os processos avaliativos foram: quantitativos - avaliação dos índices de infecção e número de participantes; qualitativos - ocorrendo durante todo o desenvolvimento do processo educativo, sendo traduzidos através do material produzido pelos participantes, dos depoimentos individuais e da presença ativa nas etapas e tarefas práticas dos trabalhos nas reuniões. Os resultados obtidos foram relevantes quanto à participação, à produção e apropriação de conhecimentos e na intervenção da transmissão das helmintoses intestinais.

This work was developed in the Paranoá city town of the Federal District of Brazil. It used techniiques of participative research with the aim of reducing intestinal helminths transmission in a group of children at nutritional risk. The family nucleus, that is, parents, children and other relatives living together in the same house, was used as reference for this research. All steps of the work were followed simultaneously by technical and educative actions. The technical actions were related to faecal examinations and medication. The educative process, stimulated critical analysis and reflections on the central problem and life conditions, with a strong focus on Health Promotion to improve life quality, as well as an empowerment process. During the work development, of the action program included the following steps: home visits, interviews, group meetings, feedback on the faeces examinations results and treatment. An evaluation of the final results was made through quantitative and qualitative methods, which showed the construction, acquisition and socialisation of knowledge.

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15.

Preferência de alimentação de adultos de Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) e Cerotoma arcuata (Oliv.) em variedades de soja
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Rossetto, C. J.

; Nagai, V.

; Igue, T.

; Rossetto, D.

; Miranda, M. A. C. de

Bragantia

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1981, Volumen 40 Nº 1 Paginas 179 - 183

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

The preference for feeding in 5 soybean varieties of two species of leaf beetles, D. speciosa (Germar) and C. arcuata (Oliv.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) was tested at Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil, under greenhouse conditions, in a free choice type of experiment. Two Brazilian commercial soybean varieties Santa Rosa and Paraná, were compared with the PI 227 687, PI 229 358 and PI 171 451. The PI 227.687 was less preferred for feeding by D. speciosa than the commercial varieties and the other two PIs were intermediate. The C. arcuata leaf beetle showed a significant preference for young leaves of the variety Santa Rosa over the young leaves of PI 227.687, but in general there was no conspicuous feeding preference for the commercial varieties as much as there was for D. speciosa.

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