Nuclear magnetic resonance is a technique that is widely used for elucidating and characterizing organic substances. Organofluorine substances have applications in many areas from drugs to liquid crystals, but their NMR spectra are often challenging due to fluoride coupling with other nuclei. For this reason, NMR spectra of this class of substances are not commonly covered in undergraduate and graduate chemistry courses and related fields. Thus, the aim of this work was the presentation and discussion of 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR spectra of eleven organofluorine substances which, in the case of 1H and 13C nuclei, showed classic patterns of first-order coupling and the effects of the fluorine nucleus in different chemical and magnetic environments. In addition, the observation of long distance coupling constants was possible through the use of apodization functions in the processing of the spectra. It is expected that the examples presented herein can be utilized and discussed in undergraduate and graduate NMR spectroscopy disciplines and thus improve the teaching and future research of organofluorine compounds.

A cutia é um roedor silvestre, encontrado no sul da América Central e em regiões tropicais da América do Sul, principalmente nas regiões norte, nordeste e sudeste do Brasil. Estes animais fornecem proteína de origem animal e por isso, apresentam importância sócio-econômica para as regiões do norte e nordeste do Brasil. Para o presente trabalho foram utilizadas sete placentas de cutias (Dasyprocta aguti), em diferentes fases da gestação. Nos aspectos morfológicos a placenta da cutia apresenta uma forma esférica e uma estrutura lobada estando conecta ao útero através da mesoplacenta. O fluxo sangüíneo fetal flui do interlobo para o centro do lobo, ou seja, centripetamente, enquanto que o materno flui centrifugamente.

The agouti is a wild rodent found in the south of Central America and in tropical regions of South America, especially in the Northern, Northeastern and Southeastern regions of Brazil. These animals represent an important socio-economic factor in the North and Northeastern regions of Brazil since they provide animal protein. For this paper 07 agouti (Dasyprocta aguti) placentas were used, in differents stages of gestation. The placenta presents a spherical shape and lobular structure connecting to the uterus by means of a mesoplacenta. Fetal blood flows from the interlobium to the center of the lobe, that is, centripetally, while maternal blood flows centrifugally.

Realizando observações para a descrição do comportamento anatômico das cordas tendíneas e músculos papilares num grupo de 40 corações de cães sem raça definida, deparamo-nos com dois tipos de cordas tendíneas bastante incomuns. Ao consultar a literatura, poucos relatos de anomalias das cordas tendíneas em animais foram encontrados e nenhum deles mostrou qualquer semelhança com os resultados descritos neste caso. O primeiro tipo diz respeito a uma corda de direção retrógrada cuja origem se deu no tecido muscular que circunda o ânulo fibroso atrioventricular direito. Seu filamento, depois de atravessar o óstio atrioventricular direito, uniu-se a um feixe de cordas comuns oriundas do músculo papilar magno. O segundo tipo encontrado foi o mais inusitado. Trata-se de uma corda com 5,3 cm de comprimento, estendendo-se desde o músculo papilar subarterioso até a válvula semilunar intermédia no tronco pulmonar, cuja inserção nesta estabeleceu-se como um "laço" que permitia inclusive ser tensionado.

Accomplishing observations for description of the anatomical types of the tendinous cords and papillar muscles in a group of 40 hearts of crossbred dogs, it came across two types of tendinous cords quite uncommon. In the literature, few reports of anomalies of the tendinous cords in animals were found and none of them showed any likeness with the results described in this case. The first type was a rope of retrograde direction whose origin is in the muscular tissue that garnishes the fibrous annulus. Its filament, after crossing the right atrioventricular anullus, joined to a bundle of common cords originating from the magnus papillar muscle. The second type was the most unusual. It was a cord with 5.3 cm of length, from the subarterious papillar muscle to the intermediate semilunar valve in the pulmonary artery. Its insertion in this artery settled down as a "liaison" that allowed to be tightened.

Aspectos anatômicos do funículo umbilical foram observados em 30 fetos de ovinos deslanados sem raça definida, retirados de fêmeas em diferentes estágios de prenhez, oriundas de matadouros do Estado de Pernambuco - Brasil. Em todas as observações constatamos a presença de um ducto alantóide, duas artérias e duas veias umbilicais, e em um único caso (gestação trigemelar) evidenciaram-se, no funículo umbilical, duas artérias e uma veia. À secção transversal do funículo umbilical na porção justafetal, cada conjunto de artéria e veia posicionava-se lateralmente ao ducto alantóide, ocupando diferentes planos, enquanto na porção média as veias tendiam para o mesmo plano das artérias, e, na porção justaplacentária, as veias lateralizavam-se em um só plano constituindo uma fileira de vasos. Obteve-se uma variação quanto ao comprimento do funículo de 5,0 a 21,5 centímetros com uma média igual a 12,24 centímetros em fetos com aproximadamente 2 a 5 meses de vida intra-uterina. Verificaram-se anastomoses arteriais no funículo umbilical (26,66%), sendo que 16,66% foram do tipo convergente 10% do tipo transversal.

Anatomical aspects of the umbilical cord of 30 unwoolly sheep in different stages of pregnancy, arising from Pernambuco State, were observed. It was verified single pregnancies (53.33%), and twin or triples pregnancies (46.66%). The material showed the presence of an allantoid duct, two arteries and two umbilical veins with a single exception, where were evidenced, in the umbilical funiculum female foetus, two arteries and one vein. By histological findings, obtained by transversal section of the umbilical funiculum, it was evidenced that the disposition of the vessels varied according to the sectioned portion. In the epsilateral foetal portion, each pack of artery and vein was positioned laterally to the allantoid duct occupying different planes. In the intermediary portion the veins tended to the same plane of the arteries and at the placenta epsilateral portion, the veins runned in only one plane making up one row of vessels. Was obtained a variation regarding to the funiculum length of 5.0 to 21.5 centimetre in length with an average of 12.24 centimetre in a foetus with approximately 2 to 5 months of intrauterine life. It was evidenced anastomosis (26.66%), 16.66% were of convergent type and 10% of transversal type.

O suprimento sangüíneo da placenta de 30 ovelhas deslanadas sem raça definida foi estudado mediante análise de peças obtidas através de injeção vascular com Látex Neoprene 650 corado. Constataram-se no material casos de gestações únicas (53,3%), gemelares (46,7%) e trigemelares (3,3%). Em todos os casos analisados, observaram-se 4 vasos umbilicais (2 artérias e 2 veias) além do ducto alantóide, na constituição do funículo umbilical. Em apenas 1 caso (gestação trigemelar), as duas artérias umbilicais de um dos fetos fundiram-se na porção média do funículo umbilical, e neste caso integrava apenas uma veia umbilical. A área placentária hilar variava de 2,0 a 6,0 centímetros dependendo da fase de gestação. O número médio de placentônios por gestação foi igual a 96, com tamanhos e formas bastante diversificados, sendo que aqueles maiores que 1,5 centímetro eram predominantes, assim como aqueles de formato ovóide. Os placentônios eram irrigados e drenados por uma série diversificada de artérias e veias, constituindo arranjos arteriocotiledonários e venocotiledonários, perfazendo um total de 299 e 314 arranjos respectivamente.

The blood supply of placenta of 30 wooless sheep without a defined breed was studied by analyzing the pieces obtained through vascular injection of Latex Neoprene 650 stain solution and moulds were made from injection of vinyl acetate. Single gestation (53.33%), gemel (46.66%) and trigeminal (3.33%) cases were observed; in all cases studied it was observed 4 umbilical vessels (2 arteries and 2 veins) besides the allantoidal duct forming the funiculus. Only in one case (trigeminal gestation), the two umbilical arteries of one of the fetuses were fused at he intermediary part of the umbilical funiculus. The hilar area of the placenta varied from 2.0 to 6.0 centimeters depending on the gestational phase. The mean number of cotyledons per gestation was 96 and their sizes and shapes were varied, being the most predominant those greater than 1.5 centimeter and also the ones with ovoid form. The cotyledons were irrigated and drained by a number of diversified arteries and veins, constituting arteriocotyledonary and venocotyledonary arrangements, numbering a total of 299 and 314 casting moulds, respectively.