Abstract Introduction Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) present with a multitude of symptoms that can range from headaches to shoulder pain. Patients frequently present with pain in the ear, dizziness, and vertigo. It is noted that some patients who report TMDs also have a history of sleep disturbances, which is noted in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a reduction in the oropharyngeal airway volume. Objective To evaluate the airway volume in pre- and posttreatment of TMD with the use of neuromuscular orthotics made with ultra-low frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (ULF-TENS). Methods A total of 15 patients were evaluated for TMDs using the related criteria. Those included were treated with ULF-TENS with evaluation of the airway volume both pre- and posttreatment using CBCT and the Dolphin 3D volume analysis software. Results While the symptoms were shown to be significantly reduced in patients who were treated with this particular modality, the airway volume varied in those who reported a reduction after a period of 3 months and those that reported after a period of 6 months. Conclusion Posttreatment evaluation of the airway should be done after a period of 6 months for a more objective evaluation. A multidisciplinary evaluation of the patient is required in such cases.

Abstract: Chemical modification with acetic anhydride is an effective method to stabilise wood against dimensional movement and improve decay resistance of wood. It has also been reported to retard UV light induced color darkening on wood surface. Coatings of wood surfaces with certain nano metal oxides have also shown promise as UV screening agent. In this work, we have evaluated synergistic effect of acetylation of wood and application of nano material on wood surfaces to enhance their UV stability. Photo-stability of acetylated Wrightia tinctoria wood coated with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanodispersion was evaluated by irradiating these wood specimens to UV radiation in an accelerated weathering tester. Acetylation of wood with acetic anhydride exhibited photo-bleaching and inhibited light-induced color darkening observed in unmodified wood. Coating of unmodified and modified wood surfaces with ZnO nanodispersion reduced photo-discolouration and degradation of wood polymers. The photo-bleaching observed in chemically modified wood upon light irradiation was further enhanced by application of nano coating on wood surfaces.

ABSTRACT Tree legumes are an underexploited resource in warm-climate silvopastures. Perceived benefits of tree legumes include provisioning (browse/mast, timber, fuel, human food, natural medicines, and ornamentals), regulating (C sequestration, greenhouse gas mitigation, soil erosion control and riparian buffers, shade, windbreaks, and habitat for pollinators), supporting (biological N2-fixation, nutrient cycling, soil fertility and soil health, photosynthesis, and primary productivity), and cultural ecosystem services. Tree legumes, however, have not been assessed to the same extent as herbaceous legumes. Once tree legumes are established, they are often more persistent than most herbaceous legumes. There are limitations for extended research with tree legume silvopastures, but extensive research has been done in Africa and Australia and recent efforts have been reported in South America. Economic benefits must be demonstrated to land managers to increase adoption. These benefits are apparent in the research and successes already available, but more long-term research, including the livestock component is necessary. Other factors that reduce adoption include paucity of domesticated germplasm, lag in research/technology, challenges of multipurpose trees and management complexity, challenges to mechanization, dangers of invasive weeds, and social and cultural barriers. In the current scenario of climate change and the need to increase food security, tree legumes are a key component for the sustainable intensification of livestock systems in warm-climate regions.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium having a versatile metabolic potential and great ecological and clinical significance. The geographical distribution of P. aeruginosahas revealed the existence of an unbiased genetic arrangement in terrestrial isolates. In contrast, there are very few reports about P. aeruginosa strains from marine environments. The present work was aimed at studying the distribution of P. aeruginosa in coastal waters along the Indian Peninsula and understanding the environmental influence on genotypic, metabolic and phenotypic characteristics by comparing marine and clinical isolates. Of the 785 marine isolates obtained on selective media, only 32 (~4.1%) were identified as P. aeruginosa, based on their fatty acid methyl ester profiles. A low Euclidian distance value (< 2.5) obtained from chemotaxonomic analysis suggested that all the environmental (coastal and marine) isolates originated from a single species. While UPGMA analyses of AP-PCR and phenotypic profiles separated the environmental and clinical isolates, fatty acid biotyping showed overlapping between most clinical and environmental isolates. Our study revealed the genetic diversity among different environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa. While biogeographical separation was not evident based solely on phenotypic and metabolic typing, genomic and metatranscriptomic studies are more likely to show differences between these isolates. Thus, newer and more insightful methods are required to understand the ecological distribution of this complex group of bacteria.

Background and Objectives: Clozapine (CLOZ) and levomepromazine (LMP) improve treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The superior efficacy of CLOZ compared with other antipsychotic agents has been attributed to an effect on D1-like and D4 receptors. We examined the binding of LMP, CLOZ and cyamemazine (CMZ), a neuroleptic analog of LMP, to human recombinant dopamine (rDA) receptor subtypes. Methods: Binding studies were performed on frozen membrane suspensions of human rDA receptor subtypes expressed in Sf9 cells. Results: (i) LMP has a high affinity (Ki, nM) for rD2 receptor subtypes (rD2L 8.6; rD2S 4.3; rD3 8.3; rD4.2 7.9); (ii) LMP and CLOZ have comparable affinities for the rD1 receptor (54.3 vs 34.6); (iii) CMZ has high affinities for rD2-like and rD1-like receptors (rD2L 4.6; rD2S 3.3; rD3 6.2; rD4.2 8.5; rD1 3.9; rD5 10.7); (iv) CMZ is 9 times more potent than CLOZ at the rD1 receptor and 5 times more potent than CLOZ at the rD4.2 receptor; (v) CMZ has high affinities for rD1 and rD5 receptor subtypes compared with LMP and CLOZ. Conclusions: If D1 and D4 receptors are important sites for the unique action of CLOZ, the present study points to a need for clinical trials comparing CMZ with CLOZ in schizophrenia and in particular, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, especially given the risk for agranulocytosis with CLOZ.

O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar o uso do índice de comorbidade de Charlson (ICC) para predizer óbito hospitalar em internações da região de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram analisadas 54.680 hospitalizações entre janeiro de 1996 e dezembro de 1997. Duas adaptações do ICC para a Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID) foram comparadas e as trinta condições clínicas avaliadas por Charlson foram revistas. A regressão logística foi utilizada para avaliar a capacidade dos modelos de predizer o óbito hospitalar. O modelo de base incluiu: idade, sexo e diagnóstico principal. Diferenças na adaptação para a CID-9 pouco impactaram a capacidade de discriminação dos modelos. A revisão das trinta condições clínicas aumentou a capacidade de discriminação do modelo de predição de óbito (estatística C = 0,73) quando comparado ao modelo com o ICC original (estatística C = 0,72). Todos os modelos testados tiveram efeito reduzido sobre a capacidade discriminativa do modelo de base (estatística C = 0,70). Os resultados apontam a importância de se dispor no país de um sistema de informação que permita uma descrição completa da morbidade hospitalar para o monitoramento do desempenho dos serviços.

The objective of this article was to evaluate the use of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) to predict inpatient death in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. 54,680 hospitalizations from January 1996 to December of 1997 were analyzed. Two International Classification of Diseases adaptations of CCI were compared, and the 30 clinical conditions assessed by the Charlson index were reviewed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the models' capacity to predict inpatient death. The baseline model included: age, sex, and principal diagnosis. Differences in ICD adaptations showed little effect on the models' discriminatory capacity. Revision of the 30 clinical conditions increased the model's discriminatory capacity to predict death (C statistic = 0.73), as compared to the model with the original CCI (C statistic = 0.72). All tested models had a reduced effect on the baseline model's discriminatory capacity (C statistic = 0.70). The results show the importance of Brazil having an information system that allows a complete description of hospital morbidity in order to monitor health service performance.

O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar o uso do índice de comorbidade de Charlson (ICC) para predizer óbito hospitalar em internações da região de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram analisadas 54.680 hospitalizações entre janeiro de 1996 e dezembro de 1997. Duas adaptações do ICC para a Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID) foram comparadas e as trinta condições clínicas avaliadas por Charlson foram revistas. A regressão logística foi utilizada para avaliar a capacidade dos modelos de predizer o óbito hospitalar. O modelo de base incluiu: idade, sexo e diagnóstico principal. Diferenças na adaptação para a CID-9 pouco impactaram a capacidade de discriminação dos modelos. A revisão das trinta condições clínicas aumentou a capacidade de discriminação do modelo de predição de óbito (estatística C = 0,73) quando comparado ao modelo com o ICC original (estatística C = 0,72). Todos os modelos testados tiveram efeito reduzido sobre a capacidade discriminativa do modelo de base (estatística C = 0,70). Os resultados apontam a importância de se dispor no país de um sistema de informação que permita uma descrição completa da morbidade hospitalar para o monitoramento do desempenho dos serviços.

The objective of this article was to evaluate the use of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) to predict inpatient death in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. 54,680 hospitalizations from January 1996 to December of 1997 were analyzed. Two International Classification of Diseases adaptations of CCI were compared, and the 30 clinical conditions assessed by the Charlson index were reviewed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the models' capacity to predict inpatient death. The baseline model included: age, sex, and principal diagnosis. Differences in ICD adaptations showed little effect on the models' discriminatory capacity. Revision of the 30 clinical conditions increased the model's discriminatory capacity to predict death (C statistic = 0.73), as compared to the model with the original CCI (C statistic = 0.72). All tested models had a reduced effect on the baseline model's discriminatory capacity (C statistic = 0.70). The results show the importance of Brazil having an information system that allows a complete description of hospital morbidity in order to monitor health service performance.

Hábitos orais de sucção têm sido fonte de estudo pelos danos que podem causar em toda morfologia e função do sistema estomatognático, sendo comumente iniciados e observados na infância. Fatores emocionais e nutricionais podem contribuir para a manifestação desses hábitos. OBJETIVO: Verificar alterações fonoaudiológicas, odontológicas e otorrinolaringológicas em crianças de baixa renda portadoras de hábitos orais de sucção. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico retrospectivo não randomizado. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas nove crianças (01 menino e 08 meninas) com idades entre 5 a 9 anos durante o I Mutirão da Comunicação realizado no Hosphel, São Paulo, no dia 27 de outubro de 2001. RESULTADOS: O distúrbio fonoaudiológico mais comum foi o articulatório (55,56%), seguido pelo distúrbio de motricidade oral (33,33%). A mordida aberta esteve presente em 8 casos (88,89%). Com relação ao tipo de respiração apresentou-se com 7 casos com respiração bucal (77,78%). CONCLUSÕES: Os hábitos orais foram capazes de promover alterações fonoaudiológicas, odontológicas e otorrinolaringológicas. Medidas de promoção de saúde devem ser lançadas para crianças de baixa renda visando eliminar os fatores responsáveis pela origem dos hábitos orais viciosos de sucção, tais como: alimentação e educação. Além de medidas de tratamento multidisciplinar, devem ser estabelecidas fonoaudiologia, ortodontia, otorrinolaringologia em saúde pública, solucionando o paradigma das alterações decorrentes desses hábitos comumente perceptíveis na infância.

Suction oral habits have been observed in childhood due to emotional and nutritional factors, leading to dental and speech and voice consequences. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was the observation of dental and speech and articulation abnormalities in low-income children with suction oral habits. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical non randomized study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Nine Brazilian children (8 girls and 1 boy) were examined in "I Mutirão da Comunicação" at Heliópolis Hospital, Hosphel/São Paulo, Brazil, on October 27, 2001. RESULTS: The most common speech and voice disorder detected was articulation impairment (55.56%), followed by oral motor disorder (33.33%). Open bite was detected in eight cases (88.89%). In seven cases (77.78%) we observed mouth breathing. CONCLUSIONS: Speech and articulation and dental disorders are normally detected in children with suction oral habits. The importance of interrelating dental, speech and otorhinolaryngology abnormalities in association with public health programs must be established for the low-income population.

Os autores do presente trabalho, com o objetivo de enriquecer a formação dos alunos do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem, propiciando experiências à saúde e ao trabalho em equipe multidisciplinar e, ainda, estender o campo de estágio aos alunos, na disciplina Fundamentos de Enfermagem, criaram um Programa de Extensão à Comunidade. A cada avaliação do Programa, vê os seus objetivos atingidos, tendo como destaque, a consolidação da autonomia profissional, tanto assistencial como administrativa.

The authoresses of the present work, on the purpose of enriching profissional education of undergraduate students of Nursing, providing them with learning experiences focused on primary health care and on working in multidisciplinaty team and, futhermore, to enlarge training opportunities to the students, developed in the discipline of Fundamental Nursing, an Extension Program to the Communit. Which has its objectives reached on each valuation of the project, with relevance on the consolidation of professional autonomy, related to assistantial and administrative aspects.

The authoresses of the present work, on the purpose of enriching profissional education of undergraduate students of Nursing, providing them with learning experiences focused on primary health care and on working in multidisciplinaty team and, futhermore, to enlarge training opportunities to the students, developed in the discipline of Fundamental Nursing, an Extension Program to the Communit. Which has its objectives reached on each valuation of the project, with relevance on the consolidation of professional autonomy, related to assistantial and administrative aspects.

Os autores do presente trabalho, com o objetivo de enriquecer a formação dos alunos do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem, propiciando experiências à saúde e ao trabalho em equipe multidisciplinar e, ainda, estender o campo de estágio aos alunos, na disciplina Fundamentos de Enfermagem, criaram um Programa de Extensão à Comunidade. A cada avaliação do Programa, vê os seus objetivos atingidos, tendo como destaque, a consolidação da autonomia profissional, tanto assistencial como administrativa.

Precocious adults from 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria were used to assess the competence of their fat body to synthesize DNA in response to a juvenile hormone analog (JHA), hydoprene. Autoradiographic studies show that JHA stimulates DNA synthesis since a significant proportion of the fat body nuclei are labelled after treatment with 100 or 200 µg of JHA. Maximum DNA synthesis occurs 24 h after treatment with 100 µg of JHA. The nuclear ploidy classes of the precocious adults from 3rd larvae are similar to those of 1-d-old normal adults, but treatemnt of these precociuos adults with µg of JHA doubles the DNA content resulting in enhanced ploidy classes which resemble those of 10-d-old normal females. In the precocious adults that emerged from 2nd instar larvae the ploidy classes are higher than those of 1-d-old normal adults, and treatment of these precocious adults with JHA results in a further increase in the DNA content of the fat body nuclei leading to the formation of high percentages of 16C and 32C nuclei. The results of these studies suggest that any model on the mode of action of JH should recognize this phenomenon of JH-induced polyploidization in the fat body nuclei.