Resumo O Brasil é um país reconhecido por sua rica biodiversidade, mas também pela rápida perda de parte significativa de seus recursos genéticos in situ. Entre centenas de espécies nativas que apresentam grande potencial de exploração econômica, muitas ainda não são reconhecidas ou ainda não foram descritas. A mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) é uma árvore frutífera que se encontra no início do processo de domestificação e possui enorme potencial econômico. No entanto, está sendo afetada pela erosão genética. Neste trabalho, são descritas cinco populações de mangabeira localizadas em distintas unidades de conservação, nas regiões Centro-Oeste e Nordeste do Brasil, onde ocorrem as variedades pubescens (típica) e speciosa. Mostramos que, mesmo em áreas protegidas, plantas de mangabeira não estão nas melhores condições de conservação. Como as áreas estão localizadas em biomas e em condições ambientais diversas, essas populações oferecem oportunidade para aprimorar o conhecimento sobre a espécie e para mapear suas áreas de ocorrência. Destacamos a relevância de manter as populações de mangabeira como reservatórios de recursos genéticos, o que potencializa a utilização da variabilidade genética desta espécie. Essas descrições destacam a importância significativa da manutenção de áreas protegidas como uma estratégia adequada para a conservação in situ.

Abstract Brazil, a recognized country for its rich biodiversity, is also known for the rapid loss of a significant part of its in situ genetic resources. Among hundreds of native species that have great potential for economic exploitation, many are not yet acknowledged or are yet to be described. The mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a fruit tree at the begging of the domestication process and has enormous economic potential. However, it is being affected by genetic erosion. In this communication, we describe five populations of mangabeira located in distinct protected areas in the Midwest and Northeast regions of Brazil, where the varieties speciosa and pubescens occur. We show that even in protected areas, mangabeira plants are not in the best situation for conservation. The areas are located in diverse biomes and environmental conditions; therefore, such populations provide an opportunity to improve the knowledge about the species and map its areas of occurrence. We highlight the relevance of maintaining mangabeira populations as reservoirs of genetic resources, which leverage the utilization of the genetic variability of this species. These descriptions highlight the significant importance of maintaining protected areas as a suitable strategy for in situ conservation.

Background: A population study is an important tool that can be used to understand the actual epidemiological scenario of the Covid-19 in different territories, identify its magnitude, understand its transmission dynamics, and its demographic, geographical, and social distribution. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population of two Brazilian cities during the pandemic first wave and subsequent socioeconomic and health effects. Materials & methods: This paper described the methodological procedures adopted and the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population. A household survey was conducted between October and December 2020, in two historic cities of Brazil's mining region. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was detected using the Wondfo® rapid test. The face-to-face interview consisted of administration of a questionnaire containing registration data, sociodemographic and economic variables, living habits, general health condition, mental health, sleep habits, and eating and nutrition. Results: We evaluated 1,762 residents, of which 764 (43.4%) were in Mariana and 998 (56.6%) in Ouro Preto. For both cities, 51.9% of the interviewees were female, with a predominance of the age range 35 to 59 years old (47.2%). The prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5.5% in all cities, 6.2% in Ouro Preto, and 4.7% in Mariana. The prevalence was similar between cities (P>0.05). Conclusion: The study was effective in verifying the seroprevalence of infection by the virus and its findings will enable further analyses of the health conditions of the population related to social isolation and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2.

OBJETIVO: Desenvolvemos este trabalho, com o intuito de avaliar o resultado do tratamento de pacientes portadores de fraturas do fêmur proximal, em uma série de casos. Procuramos observar a influência das complicações mais prevalentes nos resultados finais após o mínimo de dois anos de seguimento. Correlacionamos especialmente a instalação da necrose avascular e o tempo entre o acidente e a instituição da terapêutica. MÉTODOS: Estudamos, retrospectivamente, 29 pacientes com fraturas da extremidade proximal do fêmur, com idade inferior a 14 anos entre 1988 e 2007. Analisamos as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, mecanismo de trauma, classificação da fratura (Delbet), tratamento realizado, complicações (pseudartrose, deformidade em varo, anisomelia e necrose avascular), tempo para cirurgia e resultado (Ratliff). Obtivemos uma análise descritiva individual de cada variável. Os testes foram utilizados de acordo com a adequação das premissas de normalidade e para avaliação utilizamos o teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Obtivemos cinco (17,2%) pacientes com necrose avascular sendo três (60,0%) com idade superior a 10 anos; 73,3% dos pacientes tratados nas primeiras 24 horas apresentaram bons resultados; a causa mais comum de fratura foi acidente automobilístico (44,8%); os melhores resultados foram observados nos pacientes tratados cirurgicamente; 41,4% evoluíram com algum tipo de complicação. CONCLUSÕES: Entre os 29 pacientes tratados, segundo os critérios de Ratliff, obtivemos 58,6% de bons, 27,6% de regulares e 13,8% de maus resultados. Quando aplicado o tratamento incruento, obtivemos apenas 17,0% de bons resultados, enquanto que após o tratamento cirúrgico obtivemos 69,3%. Da mesma forma, observamos que houve 73,3% de bons resultados quando a cirurgia foi realizada nas primeiras 24 horas e apenas 42,8% nos pacientes submetidos à intervenção terapêutica após este período. Pacientes submetidos à cirurgia nas primeiras 24 horas evoluíram com necrose da cabeça do fêmur em 13,3%, enquanto os que foram operados após este período tiveram esta complicação em 21,4% dos casos.

OBJETIVE: This study was developed with the main purpose of evaluating treatment results of proximal femoral fractures in a series of cases. We sought to observe the influence of the most frequent complications on the final results after a minimum follow-up of 2 years. We have especially considered the relationship between development of avascular necrosis and time between the accident and therapeutic intervention. METHOD: We retrospectively studied proximal femoral fractures in 29 patients under 14 years of age from 1988 to 2007. The following parameters were analyzed: sex, age, mechanism of injury, fracture classification (Delbet), treatment, complications (pseudoarthrosis, coxa vara, leg length discrepancy and avascular necrosis), time for surgery, and results (Ratliff). Statistical analysis was performed according to the descriptive evaluation of each parameter by using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Five (17.2%) patients had avascular necrosis, 3 of whom (60.0%) were older than 10 years of age. Seventy-three point three percent of patients treated in the first 24 hours showed good results. The most common cause of fracture was traffic accident (44.8%). The best results were observed in patients who were treated surgically; 41.4% developed some type of complication. CONCLUSIONS: Among the 29 patients treated, 58.6% had good, 27.6% had regular and 13.8% had poor results according to Ratliff criteria. When conservative treatment was applied, only 17.0% had good results, while surgical intervention results were 69.3% good. In addition, we obtained 73.3% good results when surgery was performed within the first 24 hours and only 42.8% good results in patients submitted to surgery after this period. Patients operated in the first 24 hours developed avascular necrosis in 13.3% of cases, while 21.4% of those operated after that period developed this complication.