Abstract Purpose The purpose of this research is to investigate whether using an accounting fundamental strategy can provide valuable information about the value of a business and generate positive excess buy-and-hold returns on stocks in the Euronext 100 index. Theoretical framework The theoretical framework of the study is based on the combination of valuation theory and accounting research. We rely on fundamental analysis as a stock valuation method, which involves looking at both quantitative and qualitative information in a company's economic and financial records. Design/methodology/approach We examine the relevance of growth and earnings response coefficients, as well as Piotroski's F-scores and Lev and Thiagarajan's L-scores in predicting future stock returns. The analysis covers the years 2000 to 2020. Findings The study finds that accounting fundamental signals provide value-relevant information to investors and have a significant and positive relationship with future buy-and-hold market returns, resulting in high-scoring portfolios achieving significant average annual market excess returns. Practical & social implications of research The results of the study have practical implications for investors who use fundamental analysis as an investment strategy. The results indicate that accounting fundamentals provide value-relevant information to investors and can lead to positive excess buy-and-hold returns. Originality/value The study contributes to the understanding of the role of fundamentals in firm valuation and provides fresh insights into binary models and fundamental analysis applied to European markets. In addition, the study tests the robustness of fundamental strategies using fixed effects regression analysis.

Abstract Purpose We propose a new SCORE model, inspired by Piotroski's (2000) well-known F-SCORE. But here we examine past, present, and future earnings forecasts in this binary model, which is also made up of nine signals. Theoretical framework This research investigates whether a basic accounting-based fundamental analysis method can affect the distribution of returns earned by an investor when applied to a board portfolio of higher growth stocks with high fundamentals (book value). Design/methodology/approach At the end of the fiscal year, we determine the market value of the equity and the BM of the Euronext 100 companies. After forming the BM, we keep the organizations with the highest BM and enough financial statement data to calculate the various performance indicators. The analysis covers the years from 2000 to 2020, a period of 21 years. Findings We demonstrate that by selecting businesses with strong fundamentals, a high SCORE investor's yearly mean return can be boosted by at least 30%. Practical & social implications of research Concerning the study's weaknesses, one of them is the high SCORE of the model providing limited data, which may skew the conclusions. Originality/value This study illustrates how, when applied to a board portfolio of high book-to-market firms with growth potential, a simple accounting-based fundamental strategy can alter the distribution of returns earned by an investor.

Abstract Le Corbusier's urban planning work is often approached from a partial viewpoint favoured by the generally individualised analysis of his proposals. It is equally frequent to resort to his initial stage, characterised mainly by his model for the Ville Contemporaine of 1922 or the Voisin Plan for Paris of 1925, and, therefore, without paying attention to the broad casuistry derived from almost three decades of professional activity. In this sense, this article seeks to show that Le Corbusier's production accumulates a greater conceptual breadth. To this end, the urban proposals he made for the set of cities located in coastal areas are characterised qualitatively and quantitatively, understanding that they share characteristics due to their location. The research considers the following urban parameters: demography and population density (1), the proportion of uses (2), the built-up area (3), pedestrian versus vehicular mobility (4) and the area of public space proposed per number of inhabitants (5). A comparative analysis of all the urban plans in the exhibition shows the diversity and richness of Le Corbusier's urban planning and a notable conceptual evolution throughout his career. Aspects intuited from previous qualitative approaches have also been completed and ratified. It concludes by advocating overcoming the partial vision that usually characterises criticism of his work.

Resumen La obra urbanística de Le Corbusier se suele abordar desde de una mirada parcial propiciada por el análisis generalmente individualizado de sus propuestas. Es igualmente frecuente recurrir a su etapa inicial, caracterizada principalmente por su modelo para la Ville Contemporaine de 1922 o el Plan Voisin para París de 1925, y, por ende, sin atender a la amplia casuística derivada de casi tres décadas de actividad profesional. En este sentido, el presente artículo busca poner de manifiesto que la producción de Le Corbusier acumula una mayor amplitud conceptual. Para ello, se caracterizan cualitativa y cuantitativamente las propuestas urbanísticas que realizó para el conjunto de ciudades localizadas en áreas costeras, entendiendo que comparten características por su localización. La investigación considera los siguientes parámetros urbanísticos: demografía y densidad de población (1), la proporción de usos (2), la superficie edificada (3), la movilidad peatonal frente a la rodada (4) y la superficie de espacio público propuesto por número de habitantes (5). El análisis comparado entre el conjunto de planes urbanos de la muestra permite demostrar la diversidad y riqueza presente en el urbanismo de Le Corbusier, así como una notable evolución conceptual a lo largo de toda su trayectoria. Además de completar y ratificar aspectos intuidos desde acercamientos cualitativos previos. Se concluye abogando por superar la visión parcial que habitualmente caracteriza la crítica de su obra.

Abstract There are several prejudices that surround Le Corbusier’s work. In the urban planning field, the association with the ‘tabula rasa’ and insensitivity to heritage, based mainly on the Plan Voisin for Paris of 1925, is recurrent. However, the partial vision of his work and the exclusive focus on his initial phase have consolidated ideas that do not represent his whole career. This research explores the case of Saint-Gaudens as a sample of the urban approaches developed since the publication of The Three Human Establishments. This case allows us to approach his proposals for intervention on inherited cities on a smaller scale, far removed from the ideas that have become widespread. Through an extensive literature review, the graphic document management and the planimetric superimposition, the city analysis demonstrates the existence of another Le Corbusier’s vision towards the historic city, on which it shows respect and safeguards, and, therefore, the hypothesis of this research.

Resumen Son diversos los prejuicios que rodean a la obra de Le Corbusier. En el ámbito urbanístico, suele ser recurrente la asociación con un urbanismo de tabula rasa y de insensibilidad patrimonial, tomando principalmente como fundamento de esta afirmación el Plan Voisin para París de 1925. Sin embargo, la mirada parcial de su obra, así como la fijación exclusiva sobre su etapa inicial no hace más que consolidar ideas que no representan el global de su trayectoria. La investigación profundiza en el caso de Saint-Gaudens como muestra de los planteamientos urbanos realizados a partir de la publicación Los tres establecimientos humanos. Este caso permite aproximarse a sus propuestas de intervención sobre urbes heredadas de escala menor, alejadas de las ideas que mayoritariamente han trascendido. El análisis de esta ciudad, a través de una amplia revisión bibliográfica, cartográfica y la superposición planimétrica, demuestra le existencia de otra visión de Le Corbusier hacia la ciudad histórica sobre la que muestra respeto y salvaguarda y, por ende, la hipótesis de esta investigación.

Resumen El estrés en la etapa de prefaenado es un periodo crítico dentro de la cadena productiva al provocar pérdidas en el peso vivo del animal, afectaciones en el rendimiento y calidad de la canal y pérdida del bienestar animal debido a una alteración de homeóstasis del organismo por la exposición a situaciones estresantes. En la presente revisión se identifican y describen los factores estresores que se han reportado en los últimos 5 años como principales causas de deterioro de la calidad de la carne entre los cuales se incluyen actividades de manejo de los animales por parte del personal de granja o planta (transporte, carga y descarga, en planta de sacrificio), condiciones ambientales (temperatura, vibraciones), tiempo de espera previo al sacrificio y mezcla de lotes, periodo de ayuno de agua y comida, y estados de fatiga, así como los biomarcadores usados rutinariamente para el estudio de condiciones asociadas al estrés. Aunque las investigaciones sobre el tema son abundantes, aún no es totalmente claro los mecanismos bioquímicos involucrados en la obtención de ciertas características organolépticas de la carne con respecto a niveles de estrés y las variaciones individuales observables en diferentes grupos de animales, así mismo, se requiere mayor investigación en los biomarcadores de estrés que permitan una identificación y medición más específica, efectiva y no invasiva.

Abstract Stress in the pre-slaughter stage is a critical period in the production chain because it causes losses in animal live weight, affects carcass yield and quality, and leads to a loss of animal welfare due to an alteration in the homeostasis of the organism as a result of exposure to stressful situations. This review identifies and describes the stressors that have been reported in the last 5 years as the main causes of meat quality deterioration, including animal handling activities by farm or plant personnel (transport, loading and unloading, in the slaughter plant), environmental conditions (temperature, vibrations), waiting time prior to slaughter and mixing of lots, water and food fasting period, and fatigue states, as well as the biomarkers routinely used for the study of conditions associated with stress. Although research on the subject is abundant, the biochemical mechanisms involved in obtaining certain organoleptic characteristics of meat with respect to stress levels and the individual variations observable in different groups of animals are still not completely clear, and more research is needed on stress biomarkers that allow a more specific, effective and non-invasive identification and measurement.

Resumen La emergencia sanitaria por la pandemia del covid-19 puso en evidencia limitaciones en los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial, lo que hizo necesario un marco bioético que brinde herramientas para orientar la toma de decisiones de los profesionales de la salud ante la escasez de recursos sanitarios. Modelos bioéticos como el principialismo, el utilitarismo y la bioética centrada en la persona buscan enfocar las decisiones clínicas con base en el respeto de los derechos y la dignidad de las personas, a fin de salvaguardar la práctica médica. La bioética centrada en la persona brinda un enfoque dirigido hacia el respeto de su dignidad en situaciones de urgencia sanitaria, para evitar dar un sentido material al hombre. Se requieren criterios de decisión para afrontar los conflictos bioéticos presentes en la práctica clínica, que reduzcan la carga legal, emocional y ética de la toma de decisiones en situaciones de pandemia.

Abstract The health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic revealed limitations in health systems worldwide, making it necessary to establish a bioethical framework that provides tools to drive health professionals’ decision-making amid scarce health resources. Bioethical models such as principlism, utilitarianism, and personalism seek to focus clinical decisions on respect for people’s rights and dignity, thus protecting the medical practice. Personalism provides a person-centered approach to respect for human dignity during health emergencies to avoid giving material meaning to the individual. Decision criteria are required to face bioethical conflicts in clinical practice, reducing the legal, emotional, and ethical burden of decision-making in pandemic situations.

Resumo A emergência sanitária devido à pandemia ocasionada pela covid-19 colocou em evidência limitações nos sistemas de saúde de todo o mundo. Isso levou à necessidade de um referencial bioético que ofereça ferramentas para orientar a tomada de decisões dos profissionais da saúde ante a escassez de recursos sanitários. Modelos bioéticos como o principialismo, o utilitarismo e a bioética centralizada na pessoa procuram enfocar as decisões clínicas com base no respeito dos direitos humanos e da dignidade das pessoas, preservando a prática médica. A bioética centralizada na pessoa oferece uma abordagem dirigida ao respeito a sua dignidade em situações de emergência sanitária, para evitar dar um sentido material ao homem. São exigidos critérios de decisão para enfrentar os conflitos bioéticos presentes na prática clínica que reduzam a carga legal, emocional e ética da tomada de decisões em contextos de pandemia.

ABSTRACT Public space has traditionally been a refuge for communities in periods of social upheaval. Being the engine and filter that balances social relations between citizens, it is occupied, discussed, claimed, and transgressed. The globalization of social networks has driven the displacement of social demands towards the virtual world. However, the square continues to be the physical symbol in which the collectivity finds and recognizes itself in most of the claims. This article aims to determine, through an extrapolable graphic methodology, which urban and socio-political parameters mark the capacity of space to receive demonstrations or revolts. These social choreographies represent, above all, an act of transformation and appropriation of the city. They reaffirm the figure of the agora as a timeless lexeme. Through three Ibero-American case studies–in contexts of dictatorship, stability, and crisis–differential singularities and common rites inherent in human behavior have been observed.

RESUMEN El espacio público ha sido tradicionalmente refugio civil en periodos de convulsión social. Siendo el motor y filtro que equilibra las relaciones sociales entre ciudadanos, es ocupado, discutido, reclamado y transgredido. La globalización de las redes sociales ha impulsado el desplazamiento de las demandas sociales hacia el mundo virtual. Sin embargo, la plaza sigue constituyendo, en la mayoría de las expresiones reivindicativas, el símbolo físico en el que se encuentra y reconoce la colectividad. El presente artículo pretende determinar, a través de una metodología gráfica extrapolable, qué parámetros urbanos y sociopolíticos marcan la capacidad de un espacio para acoger manifestaciones o revueltas. Estas coreografías sociales representan, ante todo, un acto de transformación y apropiación de la ciudad, reafirmando la figura del ágora como lexema atemporal. Recorriendo tres casos de estudio del arco iberoamericano –en contextos de dictadura, estabilidad y crisis– se observan singularidades diferenciales y ritos comunes inherentes al comportamiento humano.

Resumo O conceito de patrimônio não deixou de evoluir desde o início do século XX até hoje. Entre outros avanços, foi possível ultrapassar o valor da antiguidade como critério principal ao considerar um elemento como patrimônio. Como consequência, surgiu o conceito de patrimônio contemporâneo, que defende o processo de patrimonialização dos edifícios construídos ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX, incluindo os que surgiram do Movimento Moderno (1925-1975). Este artigo centra-se na evolução do reconhecimento desse patrimônio emergente em Sevilha, capital da Andaluzia (Espanha). A sua proteção é analisada a partir de uma abordagem eminentemente urbana, por meio do instrumento de planejamento urbano do “Plano de Proteção Especial”. A investigação centra-se na análise da inserção progressiva do patrimônio contemporâneo no planejamento de proteção urbana, com base no ano em que foi desenvolvido o plano para cada setor da cidade (26 setores no total). Consequentemente, o trabalho identifica as principais diferenças de salvaguarda do patrimônio consolidado e do patrimônio contemporâneo como um problema, especialmente para aqueles em risco de desaparecer.

Abstract The concept of heritage has not stopped progressing since the beginning of the 20th century until today. Among other advances, it has managed to overcome the historic value of antiquity as the main criteria used for considering an element as heritage. As a result, the concept of contemporary heritage has emerged to refer to the patrimonialization process of buildings constructed throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. It includes those that emerged from the Modern Movement (1925-1975). This work analyzes the evolution in recognition of this emerging heritage in the case of Seville, the Andalusian capital (Spain). Its preservation was analyzed from an urban eminent approach, through the urban planning instrument of special preservation plan. The research focuses on analyzing the progressive insertion of contemporary heritage into the urban preservation planning, based on the year in which the plan for each sector of the city is developed (26 sectors in total). Consequently, the work identified the main criteria differences in safeguard of both consolidated and contemporary heritage as a problem, especially in the case of those at risk of disappearing.

Resumen El concepto de patrimonio no ha dejado de evolucionar desde principios del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. Entre otros avances, se ha conseguido superar el valor de antigüedad como criterio principal a la hora de considerar un elemento como patrimonio. Como consecuencia, ha surgido el concepto de patrimonio contemporáneo para referirse al proceso de patrimonialización de edificios construidos a lo largo de los siglos XIX y XX, incluidos los surgidos del Movimiento Moderno (1925-1975). El presente artículo estudia la evolución en el reconocimiento de este patrimonio emergente en el caso de Sevilla, la capital de Andalucía (España). Su protección es analizada desde un enfoque eminentemente urbano, a través del instrumento urbanístico de Plan Especial de Protección. La investigación se centra en analizar la inserción progresiva del patrimonio contemporáneo en el planeamiento urbanístico de protección, en base al año en que se desarrolla el plan para cada sector de la ciudad (26 sectores en total). En consecuencia, el trabajo identifica las principales diferencias entre la salvaguarda del patrimonio ya consolidado y el patrimonio contemporáneo como un problema. La menor protección de este último supone un mayor riesgo de pérdida de valores y de su desaparición.

Resumen Introducción. Los protocolos de recuperación mejorada después de cirugía se han diseñado como una innovación en salud tras demostrarse que la mejora en los dispositivos médicos y la depuración de técnicas alcanzaron la meseta en disminución de complicaciones. Con estas estrategias de la medicina perioperatoria, en cirugía colorrectal se reducen la morbilidad y estancia hospitalaria. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar si la tasa de adherencia al programa de recuperación mejorada después de la cirugía (ERAS) está asociada con los resultados quirúrgicos. Métodos. Estudio multicéntrico, observacional, retrospectivo de cohorte (2015-2019), en cinco hospitales latinoamericanos certificados por la sociedad ERAS. Se calculó la incidencia de complicaciones quirúrgicas durante el posquirúrgico inmediato (30 días) y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Se utilizaron análisis bivariado y regresión logística multivariada para evaluar los factores asociados con la tasa de complicaciones. Resultados. Fueron incluidos en el estudio 648 pacientes en cinco hospitales ERAS, con edad promedio de 61 años y mayor porcentaje de hombres (51 %). El cumplimiento global al protocolo ERAS fue de 75 % y la estancia promedio de 6,2 días (mediana: 4 días). Se tuvo un cumplimiento óptimo del protocolo ERAS (igual o mayor al 80 %) en 23,6 % de los pacientes. Se documentó fuga de la anastomosis en 4 %, complicaciones infecciosas en 8,4 %, íleo en 5,7 %, reingreso en 10,2 % y mortalidad de 1,1 %. El análisis multivariado mostró que los niveles de adherencia óptima al protocolo ERAS reducen significativamente la aparición de complicaciones como fuga de la anastomosis (OR 0,08; IC95% 0,01-0,48; p=0,005) y complicaciones infecciosas (OR 0,17; IC95% 0,03-0,76; p=0,046). Discusión. Los resultados sugieren que un cumplimiento del programa ERAS mayor al 80 % se asocia a menor frecuencia de complicaciones en pacientes con cirugía electiva colorrectal.

Abstract Introduction. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol has been designed as an innovation in health after demonstrating that the improvement in medical devices and the refinement of techniques reached the plateau in reducing complications. With these strategies of perioperative medicine, in colorectal surgery morbidity and hospital stay are reduced. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the rate of adherence to the ERAS protocol is associated with surgical outcomes. Methods. Multicenter, observational, retrospective cohort study (2015-2019), in five Latin American hospitals certified by the ERAS Society. The incidence of surgical complications during the immediate postoperative period (30 days) and length of hospital stay were calculated. Bivariate analyzes and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess factors associated with complication rates. Results. 648 patients were included in the study in five ERAS hospitals, with an average age of 61 years and a higher percentage of men (51%). Overall compliance with the ERAS protocol was 75% and the average stay was 6.2 days (median: 4 days). There was optimal compliance with the ERAS protocol (equal to or greater than 80%) in 23.6% of the patients. Anastomotic leak was documented in 4%, infectious complications in 8.4%, ileus in 5.7%, readmission in 10.2%, and mortality in 1.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that optimal adherence levels to the ERAS protocol significantly reduce the appearance of complications such as anastomotic leakage (OR 0.08; 95%CI 0.01-0.48; p=0.005) and infectious complications (OR 0.17; 95%CI 0.03-0.76; p=0.046). Discussion. The results suggest that compliance with the ERAS program greater than 80% is associated with a lower frequency of complications in patients with elective colorectal surgery.

Resumen Objetivo: Validar el cuestionario de calidad de vida `` Minnesota Living with Heart Failure'' en pacientes con falla cardíaca para su uso en población colombiana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional de validación de una escala, prospectivo en tres momentos: en el primero se hizo la traducción, la retrotraducción y la adaptación cultural; en el segundo se hizo la evaluación de la validez de contenido, constructo, criterio convergente y divergente con el SF36, WHODASII y DASI, y se evaluó la consistencia interna y la fiabilidad intra e interobservador, y en el tercero, longitudinal, se evaluó la sensibilidad al cambio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 134 pacientes, con clase funcional I-IV de la NYHA, fracción de eyección ≤ 50%. El análisis confirmatorio se ajustó a las tres dimensiones de la escala original. Hubo mejor calidad de vida en quienes tuvieron mejor capacidad física de acuerdo con los MET alcanzados. La validez de criterio convergente fue superior a 0,6 y la divergente menor a 0,4 con el SF36, WHODAS II y DASI. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el inicio, el primero, el tercero y el sexto mes. El mínimo cambio detectable (MCD) fue para la dimensión física de 6,0, para la dimensión emocional de 4,8 y para el total de 12,6. Conclusiones: La escala de “Minnesota Living with Heart Failure” (MLHFQ) es válida, confiable y tiene una buena sensibilidad al cambio para ser utilizada en las personas con falla cardiaca en Colombia.

Abstract Objective: To validate the “Minnesota Living with Heart Failure” quality of life questionnaire in patients with heart failure, for its use in a Colombian population. Materials and methods: An observational, prospective study with validation of a scale at three points was conducted. First of all, a translation, back-translation, and cultural adaptation were performed. This was followed by the evaluation of the content validity, construct, convergent and divergent criteria with the SF36, WHODAS II and DAS I questionnaires, as well as the assessment of internal consistency and the within- and between-observer reliability. Finally, a longitudinal study was carried out to evaluate the sensitivity to change. Results: The study included a total of 134 patients, with NYHA functional class I-IV, and an ejection fraction ≤ 50%. The confirmatory analysis was adjusted to the three dimensions of the original scale. There was a better quality of life in those that had a better physical capacity according to the MET achieved. The validity of the convergent criteria was greater than 0.6, with the divergent being less than 0.4 with the SF36, WHODAS II and DASI. Statistically significant differences were found between the beginning and the first, third, and sixth month. The minimum detectable change was for the physical dimension, 0.6, for the emotional dimension, 4.8, and for the total, 12.6. Conclusions: The “Minnesota Living with Heart Failure” scale is valid and reliable, and has a good sensitivity to change, in order to be used in the populations with heart failure in Colombia.

RESUMEN Objetivo: La artritis indiferenciada es una artropatía inflamatoria que no cumple con los criterios de enfermedades reumatológicas específicas y cuyos síntomas persisten durante un año. Estos individuos pueden remitir espontáneamente o evolucionar a otra artropatía definida, especialmente artritis reumatoide. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características clínicas y de laboratorio, tanto basales como de seguimiento, de pacientes con artritis indiferenciada en un centro de referencia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con pacientes con artritis indiferenciada por criterio de reumatólogo. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y terapéuticas. Las variables cualitativas se expresaron como frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y las cuantitativas con mediana y rango intercuartílico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 66 pacientes; la mediana de edad fue 46,3 años (RIC: 37,5-51,8); diez (15,2 %) sujetos tenían antecedente familiar de artritis reumatoide. Cuarenta (60,6 %) individuos tuvieron compromiso articular en interfalángicas proximales; el principal síntoma fue la rigidez matinal en 29 pacientes (44 %). El compromiso extraarticular más frecuente fue el cutáneo (n=14; 21,2 %). Los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (n=18; 27,2 %) y los esteroides (n=15; 22,7 %) fueron los tratamientos más frecuentes. De 43 pacientes, 22 (51,2 %) permanecieron con diagnóstico de artritis indiferenciada, 18 (41,9 %) progresaron a otras enfermedades, siendo la más frecuente artritis reumatoide, y en tres (7 %) hubo remisión. Conclusiones: En una cohorte de pacientes con artritis indiferenciada del noroccidente colombiano, luego de 12 meses, la mayoría, persiste con este diagnóstico; fue llamativa la frecuencia importante de antecedente familiar de artritis reumatoide y de baja remisión espontánea.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Undifferentiated arthritis is an inflammatory arthropathy that does not meet the criteria of specific rheumatological diseases and whose symptoms persist for one year. These individuals may spontaneously remit or evolve to another defined arthropathy, especially rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics, both baseline and follow-up, of patients with undifferentiated arthritis in a reference center. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted with patients with undifferentiated arthritis defined by rheumatologist criteria. Sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic variables were analyzed. The qualitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies and the quantitative variables with median and interquartile range. Results: 66 patients were included; the median age was 46.3 years (IQR: 37.5-51.8); 10 subjects (15.2 %) had a family history of rheumatoid arthritis. Forty individuals (60.6 %) had involvement in proximal interphalangeal joints; the main symptom was morning stiffness in 29 patients (44 %). The most frequent extra-articular involvement was cutaneous (n = 14, 21.2 %). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n=18; 27.2%) and steroids (n=15; 22.7 %) were the most frequent treatments. Of 43 patients, 22 (51.2 %) remained with a diagnosis of undifferentiated arthritis, 18 (41.9 %) progressed to other diseases, the most frequent being rheumatoid arthritis, and in three (7 %) there was disease remission. Conclusions: In a cohort of patients with undifferentiated arthritis from northwestern Colombia, after 12 months, most of them persist with this diagnosis; it was striking the important frequency of a family history of rheumatoid arthritis and a low spontaneous remission.

Abstract: The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test created in 1935. In this article, its origin, bases and the usefulness that has shown throughout its history are reviewed. In addition, we examine its more recent applications and reflect on its possibilities. Finally, we replicate the study conducted by Saul Rosenzweig in order to establish adult apperceptive norms in the general population. In this paper, with a more rigorous methodology than that of Rosenzweig, we suggest a response pattern in individuals with severe mental disorders (mostly, schizophrenia).

Resumen: El Test de Apercepción Temática (TAT) es un test proyectivo inventado en 1935. Repasamos su origen, fundamento y utilidad a través del uso que del test han realizado diversos autores a lo largo de su historia. Asimismo, revisamos sus aplicaciones más recientes y reflexionamos sobre sus posibilidades. Por último, replicamos el estudio del que se sirvió Saul Rosenzweig para establecer normas de apercepción temática que se disponen en población general. En el presente estudio, con una metodología más rigurosa que la descrita por Rosenzweig, sugerimos un patrón de respuesta al test en sujetos con trastorno mental grave (fundamentalmente, esquizofrenia) que podría emplearse en análisis actuales de las respuestas al test.

Background and aims: The province of Mendoza is characterized by a growing development of the cultivation of the vine. Its expansion has led to the occupation of areas with the presence of a layer of calcium carbonate. Our objective was to determine the depth of the “caliche” through the identification of plant communities and their zoning for use in the cultivation of the vine. M&M: The work was carried out in an area of 60 hectares. Twenty seven phytosociological surveys and 27 Point-quadrat transects were carried out in the field to determine the vegetation cover. In each the depth of the caliche was measured through the perforation technique and the hight of the dominant plant species were evaluated. Results: There were 68 plant species recorded. The dominant matrix was represented by Larrea divaricata. Five floristic UV and physiognomic 5 UV were identified, finding a positive relationship between them. Caliche depth varied between 0-150 cm. The floristic UV showed an overlap in the depth of the caliche, but not the physiognomic UV. Geoffroea decorticans and Senna aphylla were indicators of the presence of caliche. Conclusions: The present work offers an alternative tool for the sampling of caliche depth, of low cost, high potential and effectiveness of use.

Introducción: La provincia de Mendoza se caracteriza por un creciente desarrollo del cultivo de vid. Su expansión, ha llevado a la ocupación de áreas con presencia de una capa de carbonato de calcio, el “caliche”, planteando problemas agrícolas. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la profundidad a la que se encuentra el “caliche” a través de la identificación de comunidades vegetales y zonificarlas para su uso con destino al cultivo de vid. M&M: Se trabajó en un terreno de 60 ha, Dpto. Tupungato. Se realizaron 27 censos fitosociológicos y 27 transectas de Point-quadrat para determinar cobertura vegetal. En cada punto de muestreo se midió la profundidad del caliche mediante la técnica de barrenado y se evaluó la altura de la vegetación dominante. Resultados: Se registraron 68 especies vegetales. La matriz dominante estuvo representada por Larrea divaricata. Se identificaron 5 UV florísticas y 5 UV fisonómicas, encontrándose una relación positiva entre ambas. La profundidad de caliche osciló entre 0-150 cm. Las UV florísticas mostraron un solapamiento en la profundidad del caliche, no así las fisonómicas. Geoffroea decorticans y Senna aphylla fueron indicadoras de la presencia de caliche. Conclusiones: El presente trabajo ofrece una alternativa de bajo costo, alto potencial y efectividad de uso, para el muestreo de profundidad de caliche.

Abstract Objective: Describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: a retrospective study with medical records review of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) admitted to the ICU between 2004 and 2015 were included. Qualitative variables were described using absolute and relative frequencies. For quantitative variables mean value and standard deviation (SD) or median value with the interquartile range (IQR) depending on data distribution. To compare groups, it was used the Student t-test or Mann Whitney U test as appropriate and Fisher's exact test. Results: 33 patients were included, with a total of 45 ICU admissions, 29 (87.9%) were females with a median age of 26 years. The median time of diagnosis of SLE was two years, (IQR 1.5–5). The most common SLE manifestation and comorbidity were renal disease and hypertension with 27 (81.8%) and 14 (42.4%) respectively. The main reason for admittance was lupus flare with 25 events (55.5%). Infection was the second cause of admission with 19 events (42.2%). The median stay time in the ICU was four days (IQR 2-7). LODS score was 6 (RIQ 5-8), and APACHE II score was 13 (RIQ 11-17.7). There were 29 infections (64.5%) of which 20 (69%) were hospital-acquired. Four (12.1%) patients died. Conclusion: Unlike most of the previously reported series, in this study SLE activity was the most common cause of admission in the ICU. A more aggressive disease and difficulties in the ambulatory setting could explain this behavior. Despite the higher percentage of lupus flares, there was lower mortality.