The purpose of this paper is to present two cases of dentigerous cyst associated to permanent teeth in children treated by conservative techniques. Dentigerous cyst is the most common developmental cysts of the jaws. Conservative treatment is very effective to this entity and aims at eliminating the cystic tissue and preserving the permanent tooth involved in the pathology. Two techniques are described as conservative treatment for these cysts, marsupialization and the decompression. Two children presented with dentigerous cysts. A female child was affected by a large lesion at the right side of the mandible associated to tooth 45. The other lesion arose at the left maxilla associated to tooth 21 of a male child. Each dentigerous cyst promoted severe tooth displacement. The first patient was treated with decompression and the second with marsupialization.

OBJECTIVES: CO2, Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers have been used in endodontic surgery. This in vitro study evaluated 1% Rhodamine B dye penetration using computer-assisted morphometry (ImageTool Software®) of 108 endodontically treated human permanent canines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Teeth were divided into 9 groups according to the technique used: A: 90-degree apicoectomy with bur, root-end cavity preparation with ultrasound and filled with MTA; B: 90-degree apicoectomy with bur, root-end cavity prepared with ultrasound and filled with MTA, and treatment of apical surface with CO2 laser (1 W, CW/CW); C: 90-degree apicoectomy with bur, and treatment of apical surface with Nd:YAG laser (150 mJ, 10 Hz); D: 90-degree apicoectomy with bur, and treatment of apical surface with CO2 laser,(1 W, CW/CW); E: apicoectomy with Er:YAG laser (400 mJ, 10 Hz), root-end cavity prepared with ultrasound and filled with MTA; F: apicoectomy with Er:YAG laser (400 mJ, 10 Hz) and treatment of apical surface with Nd:YAG laser (150 mJ, 10Hz); G: apicoectomy with CO2 laser (5W, CW/SP), root-end cavity prepared with ultrasound and filled with MTA; H: irradiation of apical end with CO2 laser (1 W, CW/CW); I: irradiation of apical end with Nd:YAG laser (150 mJ, 10 Hz). RESULTS: Dye penetration was found in all specimens at different rates, the lowest penetration occurring in groups C (16.20%), B (17.24%) and F (17.84%). CONCLUSIONS: Groups B, C and F represent the best technical sequences to perform endodontic surgery.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a proliferação e diferenciação de células derivadas da medula óssea humana sobre superfícies de titânio com diferentes rugosidades de superfície. MÉTODOS: Células obtidas da crista ilíaca de um doador humano adulto foram rotineiramente processadas e cultivadas sobre superfícies de titânio preparadas através de polimento apenas, ou polimento seguido de condicionamento com HF/HNO3 por 15 e 30 minutos, para produzir superfícies com rugosidades variadas, conforme determinado por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura e perfilometria. RESULTADOS: Discos de titânio condicionados com ácido por 15 minutos permitiram maior proliferação celular em todos os períodos de cultura. O nível de expressão das proteínas osteopontina e osteocalcina estava aumentado em ambos os grupos condicionados com ácido, indicando que as células estavam comprometidas com o fenótipo osteogênico. CONCLUSÕES: O aumento na rugosidade de superfície acelera a diferenciação de células mesenquimais indiferenciadas em células de linhagem osteogênica, mas não necessariamente favorece a proliferação celular. Uma superfície com rugosidade intermediária de 0,5µm (condicionada com ácido por 15 minutos) favorece tanto as respostas celulares iniciais quanto as finais.

PURPOSE: To assess the proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived cells cultured on titanium surfaces with different roughness characteristics. METHODS: Cells obtained from the iliac crest of an adult human donor were routinely processed and cultured on titanium surfaces of varying roughness, according to their preparation method: polishing only (smooth surface) and polishing followed by etching with HF/HNO3 for 15 and 30 minutes (rough surfaces). Surfaces were assessed using scanning electronic microscopy and profilometry. RESULTS: Titanium disks etched with acid for 15 minutes allowed greater cell proliferation in all culture periods. The level of osteopontin and osteocalcin expression was increased in both acid-etched groups, which indicates an advanced stage of differentiation of cells into osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Increased surface roughness accelerates the differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells into osteogenic lineage cells, but does not necessarily favor cell proliferation. An intermediate surface roughness of 0.5µm (acid etching for 15 minutes) favors both initial and final cell responses.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the agreement of computed tomography (CT) imaging using 3D reformations (3DR) with shaded surface display (SSD) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) in the diagnosis of bone changes in mandibular condyles of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and compared findings with multiplanar reformation (MPR) images, used as the criterion standard. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Axial CT images of 44 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of 22 patients with RA were used. Images were recorded in DICOM format and assessed using free software (ImageJ). Each sample had its 3DR-SSD and 3DR-MIP results compared in pairs with the MPR results. RESULTS: Slight agreement (k = 0.0374) was found in almost all comparisons. The level of agreement showed that 3DR-SSD and 3DR-MIP yielded a number of false-negative results that was statistically significant when compared with MPR. CONCLUSIONS: 3DR-SSD or 3DR-MIP should only be used as adjuvant techniques to MPR in the diagnosis of bone changes in mandibular condyles.

O processo de construção de protótipos biomédicos surgiu da união das tecnologias de prototipagem rápida e do diagnóstico por imagens. No entanto, este processo é complexo, em função da necessária interação entre as ciências biomédicas e a engenharia. Para que bons resultados sejam obtidos, especial atenção deve ser dispensada à aquisição das imagens por tomografia computadorizada e à manipulação dessas imagens em softwares específicos. Este artigo apresenta a experiência multidisciplinar de um grupo de pesquisadores com a aquisição e a manipulação de imagens por tomografia computadorizada do complexo maxilofacial, visando à construção de protótipos biomédicos com finalidade cirúrgica.

Biomedical prototyping has resulted from a merger of rapid prototyping and imaging diagnosis technologies. However, this process is complex, considering the necessity of interaction between biomedical sciences and engineering. Good results are highly dependent on the acquisition of computed tomography images and their subsequent manipulation by means of specific softwares. The present study describes the experience of a multidisciplinary group of researchers in the acquisition and manipulation of computed tomography images of the maxillofacial region aiming at biomedical prototyping for surgical purposes.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características microscópicas do efeito do laser diodo de Arsenieto de Gálio-Alumínio (AsGaAl - 830etam), aplicado no período de ativação e consolidação de mandíbulas de ovelhas submetidas a distração osteogênica. MÉTODOS: Dezoito ovinos foram submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico para colocação de distrator ósseo em região de mandíbula do lado esquerdo, sendo divididos em três grupos: 1 - Controle; 2 - Irradiação de laser no período de ativação; 3 - Irradiação de laser no período de contenção. As irradiações foram feitas em cinco seções em dias alternados, com doses de 4,0J/cm² em quatro pontos pré-determinados, somando 16J por seção. Após quatro dias de latência no pós-operatório, 10 dias de ativação do distrator (1 mm/dia) e 21 dias de contenção os animais foram mortos e as peças removidas para análise microscópica. RESULTADOS: Os resultados foram que os grupos irradiados com laser (AsGaAl) apresentaram maior disposição de trabéculas ósseas mineralizadas em relação ao grupo controle, contudo, no Grupo 2 foi observada a presença de tecido cartilaginoso. CONCLUSÃO: O laser atuou de forma mais favorável quando utilizado no período de consolidação, após o alongamento ósseo.

PURPOSE: To analyze the microscopic characteristics of the effect of Gallium-Aluminum Arsenid diode laser (GaAlAs - 830etam) applied during the activation and consolidation period to ovine mandibles submitted to distraction osteogenesis. METHODS: Eighteen sheep underwent surgery in order to have bone distractors implanted in the left side of the jaw area. They were divided into three groups: 1 - Control; 2 - Laser irradiation during the activation period; 3 - Laser irradiation during the fixation period. The irradiation was carried out in five sessions, on every other day, with 4,0J/cm² doses applied to four pre-established areas, totaling 16J per session. After four days of latency under post-operative care, ten days of distractor activation (at 1mm/day) and twenty-one days of fixation the animals were sacrificed and the devices removed for microscopic analysis. RESULTS: The groups that received laser irradiation (GaAlAs) presented a greater amount of mineralized bone trabeculae when compared to the Control Group. Despite that, cartilaginous tissues were also found in Group 2. CONCLUSION: The laser has been more favorable when used in the consolidation period, after bone elongation.

O cimento Portland tem sido analisado e comparado com o agregado trióxido mineral (MTA) devido a sua similaridade química. Dada à possibilidade de uso na Odontologia como uma alternativa menos onerosa ao MTA, realizou-se uma análise comparativa dos componentes do cimento Portland (Votoran®) com os constituintes de dois cimentos MTA (Pro-Root™-MTA e Angelus®-MTA). Para tanto, foram confeccionados 12 corpos-de-prova de cada um dos materiais (n=36), e estes foram analisados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) pela técnica de espectroscopia por dispersão de energia (EDS), que fornece o percentual dos componentes químicos encontrados nos corpos-de-prova. As médias dos elementos químicos encontrados nos três cimentos foram comparadas por meio de análise estatística descritiva. O bismuto estava presente somente nos cimentos MTA. Concluiu-se que os cimentos testados apresentaram similaridade em seus constituintes, o que indica, considerando-se a composição, a possibilidade de futura utilização clínica do cimento Portland como alternativa ao MTA.

Portland cement has been analyzed and compared to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) because of their chemical similarity. The possibility of using this material as a less expensive alternative to MTA in dental practice should be considered. In view of this, the present study compared the components of a Portland cement (Votoran®) to two commercial brands of MTA (Pro-Root™ and MTA-Angelus®). Twelve specimens of each material were fabricated and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to obtain their percentage of chemical elements. The means of the chemical elements found in each material was compared by descriptive statistics. Bismuth was present only in MTA cements to provide radiopacity. In conclusion, the tested cements have similar components, which supports, as far as composition is concerned, the possible clinical use of Portland as an option to MTA.

Esta pesquisa visou estabelecer valores normativos, avaliar o dimorfismo sexual entre grandezas cefalométricas e correlacionar médias para avaliação de compensações biológicas que atuem na morfologia do perfil facial de tecidos moles, através das análises cefalométricas computadorizadas de Ricketts e McNamara. A amostragem foi composta por 40 telerradiografias laterais, de indivíduos com perfis esteticamente agradáveis. As radiografias foram analisadas através do programa Radiocef 2.0® nos métodos cefalométricos propostos, e posteriormente foram empregados o teste t de Student e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Nos homens, o comprimento anterior do crânio, comprimento do lábio superior, comprimentos efetivos de maxila e mandíbula, altura facial inferior e diâmetro inferior da faringe foram significativamente mais elevados. Nas mulheres, as médias mais elevadas foram para a extrusão do incisivo inferior e posição labial inferior. A amostra masculina exibiu uma menor altura facial inferior que a média dos valores padrão, mediante aferição linear, em razão do menor comprimento efetivo da mandíbula neste grupo; a mesma correlação não foi significativa para valores angulares. A protrusão labial inferior esteve diretamente relacionada à diferente posição espacial dos incisivos superiores e inferiores em ambas as amostras, na sua relação com os tecidos moles, e respectivas bases ósseas.

This research aimed at establishing normative values, evaluating sexual dimorphism between cephalometric measurements, and correlating averages for the evaluation of biological compensations that act in the morphology of the facial soft tissue profile; for these purposes, the computerized cephalometric analyses of Ricketts and McNamara were employed. The sample comprised 40 lateral cephalometric radiographs of individuals with aesthetically pleasant profiles. The radiographs were analyzed through the Radiocef program 2.0®, following the indicated cephalometric methods, and, later, Student's t-test and the coefficient of correlation of Pearson were used. For men, the cranial anterior length, upper lip length, effective midfacial length, effective mandibular length, lower anterior facial height and lower pharynx diameter presented significant higher dimensions. For women, the higher averages found were for the lower incisor extrusion and inferior lip protrusion. The masculine sample exhibited a smaller lower anterior facial height than the standardized averages by linear gauging because of the smallest effective mandibular length in this group; the same correlation was not significant for angular values. In both samples the inferior lip protrusion was directly related to the different spatial position of the upper and lower incisors, in their relation with the soft tissues and respective bony bases.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare bening pathology, generally asymptomatic affecting the bone tissue. Due to the gradual replacement of the bone tissue by fibrous tissue, aesthetic and functional bone alterations are produced. A review of the literature on FD is made and it is reported a clinical case of a 33-year-old man presenting facial deformity as a result of the slow and progressive growth.of the jaw.

La displasia fibrosa (DF) es una patología benigna rara, generalmente asintomática, que afecta el tejido óseo. Debido al remplazo gradual del tejido óseo por tejido fibroso se producen alteraciones óseas estéticas y funcionales. En este artículo se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre la DF y se relata un caso clínico de un hombre de 33 años de edad que presenta deformidad facial debida al crecimiento lento y progresivo del maxilar.

O presente estudo estabelece valores através de exames radiográficos em teleperfil, entre os pontos de maior convexidade da maxila (ponto A) e o plano facial, do comprimento anterior do crânio, da altura facial posterior, da posição do pório e do comprimento mandibular entre indivíduos da raça negra de ambos os gêneros. Tais dimensões, após comparadas ao padrão de normalidade utilizado pelo programa Sistema de Medição e Traçado Cefalométrico (SMTC) e submetidas a estudo estatístico, determinam valores específicos que servem de parâmetro nas intervenções ortognáticas para correções de deformidades faciais. Após ter-se procedido à análise estatística constatou-se que a única dimensão cefalométrica linear, em norma lateral, a não apresentar diferença estatisticamente significativa foi aquela referente à convexidade do ponto A, quando comparadas as amostras dos gêneros masculino e feminino. Ao compararmos, entretanto, a média das dimensões cefalométricas lineares, em norma lateral, no que concerne à amostragem da raça negra trabalhada com a raça branca, verificou-se que o comprimento anterior do crânio foi a única dimensão linear a não apresentar significância para a raça branca.

Using lateral X-ray examinations, this study establishes values between the deepest midline convexity on the maxilla (point A) and the facial plane, for the cranial anterior length, the facial posterior height, the porium and the length of the mandible from black subjects of both genders. After comparison of these dimensions based on normative standards submitted to a statistical analysis, specific values that were used as parameters in orthognathic interventions to correct facial deformities were defined. The statistical analysis revealed that the only lateral linear cephalometric dimension that did not exhibit statistically significant difference when compared to the samples of male and female groups was the point A. However, when the average of the lateral linear cephalometric dimensions of black subjects was compared to that of white ones, it was observed that the cranial anterior length was the only linear dimension that did not present statisticaly significant difference in relation to the white group.