This work studied the anti-inflammatory activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts (HAEs) from Erythrina velutina Willd. (Ev) and E. mulungu Mart. ex Benth. (Em) in the carrageenan- and dextran-induced mice hind paw edema models. These medicinal plants belonging to the Fabaceae family are used in some Brazilian communities to treat pain, inflammation, insomnia and disorders of the central nervous system. In the present work, the extracts were administered orally in male mice at the doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg. In the carrageenan-induced test, only Em showed anti-inflammatory activity, decreasing the paw edema, at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. No effect was observed with Ev in this model. On the other hand, in the dextran model, Ev demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect, showing decrease of the paw edema at the 1, 2, 3, 4 and 24th h. Em (200 or 400 mg/kg) presented anti-inflammatory effect at the 2, 3 and 4th h after administration of dextran, as compared to control. In conclusion, the work showed that Ev and Em present anti-edematous actions, which possibly occurs by distinct mechanisms. While Ev seems to interfere especially in inflammatory processes in which mast cells have an important role, Em exerts greater activity in the inflammatory process that depends mainly on polymorphonuclear leucocytes. However, further studies are needed to determine the exact mechanism of action of the species investigated.

A ação da chuva sobre a tenacidade e eficiência de diferentes fungicidas cúpricos isolados ou associados ao óleo vegetal no controle da ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix) do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica)foi avaliada no presente trabalho. Óxido cuproso, hidróxido de cobre e oxicloreto de cobre, na proporção de 0,3% do ingrediente ativo, foram pulverizados em mudas de café 24 h antes da inoculação dos urediniosporos. Após 60 min da pulverização, metade das mudas recebeu chuva induzida de 20 mm durante 6 min, repetidas quatro vezes com intervalos de uma semana. A outra metade não recebeu água por aspersão. O fungicida óxido cuproso sem adição do óleo foi mais eficiente do que com adição do óleo. Com o fungicida hidróxido de cobre ocorreu o inverso, enquanto que com o oxicloreto de cobre não se observou a ação do óleo. A presença ou não da chuva, não interferiu significativamente na incidência e severidade da ferrugem, sugerindo que os fungicidas testados apresentam certa resistência à ação da chuva, com boas características de aderência e/ou persistência na superfície foliar do cafeeiro. A mistura do oxicloreto de cobre ao óleo vegetal com ou sem chuva reduziu a germinação média de esporos para 13,51%, sendo significativamente diferente da testemunha com germinação média de 41,29%, o que indica a sua ação erradicante. Destacou-se ainda o óxido cuproso sem óleo na ausência de chuva por erradicar o fungo, mas que na presença de chuva não diferiu da testemunha.

This work was carried out to verify the effect of precipitation on different copper fungicides application and its efficiency for controling coffee (Coffea arabica) rust caused by Hemileia vastatrix, in the presence or absence of vegetable oil. Cuprous oxide, hydroxide of copper and copper oxicloride, in the proportion of 0.3% of the active ingredient, were sprayed on coffee plants 24 h before inoculation with urediniospores. 60 min after spraying, half of the plants received 20 mm of rain for 6 min; repeated four times at weekly intervals. The other half of the plants did not receive water. Cuprous oxide was more efficient without oil than with oil, contrasting with the results obtained for hydroxide of copper. Adding oil did not improve copper oxicloride action. Rain was not observed to make any significant difference in the incidence and severity of coffee rust among the plants. This suggests that, besides copper compounds being contact products, they showed a certain resistance to the action of the rain, with good characteristics of adherence and/or persistence on the surface of the coffee leaves. The mixture of copper oxicloride with oil, independent of the presence of rain, was efficient in reducing the viability of the spores to 13.5%, indicating the erradication action of this treatment, while the test treatment showed 41.29%. Cuprous oxide with no oil in the absence of the rain also provided no sporulation action, but did not differ from the test plots where rain was present.