Abstract Solanum dolichosepalum is a plant with anti-infective effects. It is a healing agent and has ethnopharmacological uses. In this study, the antifungal activity of extracts and fractions of this species on C. albicans and F. oxysporum was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was measured using the ABTS and DPPH methods, and by determining the total content of phenolic compounds. An HPLC-DAD qualitative analysis was carried out to identify phenolic compounds and alkaloids. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. Inhibitory effects were found in all the extracts and fractions on the analyzed microorganisms. F. oxysporum was the microorganism most sensitive to the action of S. dolichosepalum extracts. All extracts and fractions showed antioxidant activity, with the acetone extract and the acetone fraction being those that generated the best results. The content of total phenolic compounds showed that acetone has a greater affinity with the phenolic compounds present in S. dolichosepalum. In this plant, p-Hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, ferulic, trans-cinnamic, caffeic, p-coumaric, and rosmarinic acids were found, as well as theobromine, quercetin, and luteolin. The content of total phenolic compounds was determined to be directly proportional to the inhibition of the ABTS and DPPH radicals, and the inhibition of the analyzed microorganisms. It was determined that the extracts and fractions obtained from S. dolichosepalum show antioxidant and antifungal activity.

Resumen Aloe vera L. ha sido utilizada como planta medicinal y ornamental, por lo que ha adquirido gran importancia comercial; sin embargo, presenta una desventaja reproductiva en condiciones naturales que limita el abastecimiento de la demanda mundial. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el desarrollo de procesos organogénicos a partir de ápices meristemáticos y discos caulinares. Se emplearon como explantes, ápices meristemáticos y discos caulinares cultivados en medio Murashige y Skoog, suplementado con distintos reguladores de crecimiento. Se cuantificó el porcentaje de inducción callogénica y caulogénica. Los brotes regenerados fueron micropropagados en medio suplementado con 2 mg L-1 de BA y 0,1 mg L-1 de ANA y el enraizamiento fue ensayado bajo condiciones in vitro y ex vitro. El porcentaje más alto (100%) de callogénesis en ápices meristemáticos se cuantificó en presencia de 0,5 y 1 mg L-1 de 2,4-D y 3 mg L-1 de ANA y en discos caulinares en presencia de 0,5 mg L-1 de 2,4-D con 12.5%. Durante la caulogénesis, el promedio más alto de brotes/explante (1,1) se cuantificó en ápices meristemáticos en presencia de 5 mg L-1 de ANA; mientras que en discos caulinares se observó (1,3 brotes/explante), en presencia de 0,25 mg L-1 de 2,4-D. Después del segundo ciclo de micropropagación el promedio de brotes/explante desarrollados aumentó a 8,8. El mayor porcentaje (75,3%) de brotes enraizados se cuantificó en condiciones in vitro. En conclusión, el explante primario más aconsejable para iniciar procesos organogénicos en A. vera fue ápices meristemáticos cultivados en medio con 5,0 mg L-1 de ANA.

Abstract Aloe vera L. has been used as a medicinal plant and ornamental, so that this plant has acquired great commercial importance. However, A. vera L. has a reproductive disadvantage under natural conditions limiting supply of world demand. The objective of this study was evaluated process organogenesis development from meristematic tip and cauline discs. Meristematic tip and cauline discs were used as explants and cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different growth regulators. The percentage of organogenic and callogenic induction was quantified. Regenerated shoots were micropropagated on medium supplemented with 2 mg L-1 BA and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA, and rooting was tested under in vitro and ex vitro conditions. Highest percentage of callus formation in meristematic tip was quantified in presence of 0.5 and 1 mg L-1 2,4-D and 3 mg L-1 NAA and in cauline disks in presence of 0.5 mg L-1 of 2,4-D. During caulogenesis, highest average number of shoots per explant (1.1) was quantified from meristematic tip in presence of 5 mg L-1 NAA, while in cauline disk (1.3 shoots/explant) were quantified in presence 0.25 mg L-1 2,4-D. After micropropagation cycle second, the average number of shoots per explant increased to 8.8. The highest percentage (75.3%) of rooted shoots was quantified in vitro conditions. In conclusion, the primary explant more desirable to initiate organogenic processes in A. vera was meristems cultured in medium with 5.0 mg L-1 NAA.

Resumen La investigación se realizó en el Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia con el propósito de conocer el comportamiento in vitro y evaluar una metodología para propagación de plántulas y producción de microtubérculos de dos variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp andígena) Diacol Capiro y Parda Pastusa, a partir de segmentos nodales obtenidos de tubérculos suministrados por el ICA, desinfectados con NaOCl al 10 %, multiplicados en medio MS y MS+ANA (0.02 mg L-1) y enraizados con ANA o AIB adicionados al medio de cultivo o aplicados en pulsos de 30 segundos. Posteriormente, segmentos uninodales micropropagados se cultivaron en medio para tuberización, observándose una mayor producción en MS suplementado con 2.5 mg L-1 de BA y 8 % de sacarosa en las dos variedades. Los protocolos desarrollados en el presente estudio permitieron la obtención masiva de plántulas y la producción de microtubérculos de Diacol Capiro y Parda Pastusa; las plántulas y microtubérculos desarrollados pueden ser cultivados bajo condiciones controladas para la producción de semilla pre-básica.

Abstract This study was conducted in the Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales of the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia with the purpose of acquiring knowledge on the behavior under in vitro conditions as to evaluate a methodology for the micropropagation of plantlets and the production of microtubers from two varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp andigena) Diacol Capiro and Parda Pastusa. The nodal segments provided by the ICA were disinfected with 10 % NaOCl, Then cultured for multiplication in MS medium and MS+NAA (0.02 mg L-1). For the rooting process, NAA or IBA was added into the culture medium or applied in 30 seconds pulses. Subsequently, micropropagated uninodal segments were cultured in tuberization medium, showing an increase in production when supplemented with BA (2.5 mg L-1) and with 8 % saccharose in the two varieties. The protocols developed in this study allow a large number of micropropagated plantlets and production of microtubers of Diacol Capiro and Parda Pastusa; the plantlets and microtubers developed can be cultured under controlled conditions for the production of pre-basic seeds.

Using stem apex as primary explants, a micropropagation protocol of Vaccinium meridionale was established. During establishment phase the effect of the MS/3, WPM, AND and Kyte media, supplemented with 2-iP plus IAA or BA plus IAA was studied. During microshoot proliferation the effect of MS/3 liquid, solid and double phase (the liquid phase in a solidified phase with agar) supplemented with 2-iP plus IAA was evaluated. In vitro and ex vitro rooting of microshoots and microshoots was accomplished using auxines and/or activated charcoal; for root development a substratum with abundant organic matter was utilized. Plantlet hardening was achived simultaneously with the radical development process. After establishment phase, the highest quantity of axillary buds/explant was quantified in cultures performed in MS/3 supplemented with 2-iP, 59.05 µM plus IAA 17.13 µM. During the microshoot proliferation phase the highest average production was obtained in double phase MS/3. After 60 days of hardening 88-100% of rooted microshoots was obtained; these plantlets showed growth reactivation.

Se desarrolló un procedimiento de micropropagación de plantas adultas de Vaccinium meridionale utilizando como explantes primarios ápices caulinares. Durante la fase de establecimiento in vitro de explantes se estudió el efecto de los medios MS/3, WPM, AND y el propuesto por Kyte para Blueberry, suplementados con 2-iP más AIA ó BA más AIA. Durante la proliferación de microtallos se evaluó el efecto del medio MS/3 líquido, sólido y en doble fase (una fase líquida sobre una fase solidificada con agar), suplementados con 2-iP más AIA. El enraizamiento in vitro y ex vitro de microtallos y macollas se indujo utilizando auxinas y/o carbón activado y para el desarrollo de raíces se utilizó un sustrato enriquecido con materia orgánica. El endurecimiento de plántulas se realizó de manera simultánea con el proceso de desarrollo radical. Después de la fase de establecimiento, la media más alta, 4.5, yemas axilares desarrolladas por explante viable, se cuantificó en MS/3 suplementado con 59.05 µM de 2-iP más 17.13 µM de AIA. Durante la fase de proliferación de microtallos la media más alta, 7.25, se cuantificó en MS/3 en doble fase. Después de 60 días de endurecimiento el 88-100% de los microtallos enraizaron y reactivaron su crecimiento.