Text mining and related analytics emerge as a technological approach to support human activities in extracting useful knowledge through texts in several formats. From a managerial point of view, it can help organizations in planning and decision-making processes, providing information that was not previously evident through textual materials produced internally or even externally. In this context, within the public/governmental scope, public security agencies are great beneficiaries of the tools associated with text mining, in several aspects, from applications in the criminal area to the collection of people's opinions and sentiments about the actions taken to promote their welfare. This article reports details of a systematic literature review focused on identifying the main areas of text mining application in public security, the most recurrent technological tools, and future research directions. The searches covered four major article bases (Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library), selecting 194 materials published between 2014 and the first half of 2021, among journals, conferences, and book chapters. There were several findings concerning the targets of the literature review, as presented in the results of this article.

ABSTRACT Background: Several Argentine registries on chronic heart failure (CHF) have been generated over the past 25 years, either individually by the Argentine Society of Cardiology (SAC) or the Argentine Federation of Cardiology (FAC), with different representativeness. The last known data are from 2013. The OFFICE IC AR registry was jointly undertaken by the SAC and FAC to know the reality of CHF in Argentina. Objective: The aim of this registry was to extensively and comprehensively describe the outstanding characteristics of CHF in Argentina, including patient characteristics, use of diagnostic and therapeutic resources, adherence to practice guidelines and mid-and long-term prognosis. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of patients with at least 6-month evolution CHF and not hospitalized for at least the past 3 months. Clinical and paraclinical data were collected. Patients were categorized according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), into HF with reduced EF, HFrEF (≤40 %), HF with midrange EF, now termed HF with mildly reduced EF, HFmrEF (41%-49%), and HF with preserved EF, HFpEF (≥50%). The incidence of hospitalization for HF (HHF), cardiovascular mortality (CVM) and all-cause mortality (ACM) was recorded for at least 1-year follow-up. Results: Between November 2017 and January 2020, 100 cardiologists from all over the country included 1004 patients with CHF. Mean age was 65.8 ± 12.4 years, 74.6% were men, and 93.8% had known LVEF. In 68.4% of cases, patients had HFrEF, 16% HFmrEF and 15.6% HFpEF. A high prevalence of comorbidities was found, including diabetes and anemia in 30% of cases, and chronic renal failure in 22%. There was high use of neurohormonal antagonists (NHA): 89.5% betablockers, 57.3% renin-angiotensin system inhibitors or antagonists, 28.9% sacubitril-valsartan and 78.6% aldosterone antagonists. Triple therapy was used in 69% of patients, with higher prescription in HFrEF, but elevated even on HFpEF. At a median follow-up of 1.7 years, the annual incidence of CVM/HHF was 12.8%, CVM 6.6% and ACM 8.4%, without statistical differences between the different LVEF categories. Conclusions: This first SAC-FAC joint CHF registry verified a high prevalence of HFrEF, a high prevalence of comorbidities, frequent use of NHA and prognosis according to international registries.

RESUMEN Introducción: Diferentes registros argentinos de insuficiencia cardíaca crónica (ICC) fueron generados en los últimos 25 años, en forma individual por la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología (SAC) y la Federación Argentina de Cardiología (FAC), con diversa representatividad. Los últimos datos conocidos datan de 2013. El Registro OFFICE IC AR fue encarado en forma conjunta por la SAC y la FAC para conocer la realidad de la ICC en Argentina. Objetivos: Describir en forma amplia y comprensiva las características salientes de la ICC en Argentina, incluyendo las características de los pacientes, el uso de recursos diagnósticos y terapéuticos, la adherencia a las guías de práctica y el pronóstico a mediano y largo plazo. Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de cohorte, de pacientes con ICC de al menos 6 meses de evolución, alejados de una internación por al menos 3 meses. Se recabaron datos clínicos y paraclínicos. Los pacientes fueron categorizados, de acuerdo a la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI), en IC con FE reducida, ICFER (≤40%); IC con FE en el rango medio, ICFErm, ahora denominada IC con FE levemente reducida, ICFElr (41%-49%), e IC con FE preservada, ICFEP (≥50%). En seguimiento de al menos 1 año se registró la incidencia de hospitalización por insuficiencia cardíaca (HIC), muerte cardiovascular (MCV) y muerte de todas las causas (MTC) Resultados: Entre noviembre de 2017 y enero de 2020, 100 cardiólogos de todo el país incluyeron 1004 pacientes con ICC; edad media 65,8 ± 12,4 años, 74,6% hombres, FEVI conocida en el 93,8%. El 68,4% tenía ICFER, el 16% ICFElr y el 15,6% ICFEP. Hubo alta prevalencia de comorbilidades, incluyendo diabetes y anemia en el 30%, e insuficiencia renal crónica en el 22%. Fue elevada la utilización de antagonistas neurohormonales (ANH): 89,5% betabloqueantes; 57,3% inhibidores o antagonistas del sistema renina angiotensina, 28,9% sacubitril valsartán y 78,6% antialdosterónicos. En 69% se utilizó triple terapia. Su empleo fue mayor en la ICFER, pero elevado incluso en la ICFEP. En una mediana de seguimiento de 1,7 años la incidencia anual de MCV/HIC fue 12,8%, la de MCV 6,6% y la de MTC 8,4%, sin diferencia entre las distintas categorías de FEVI. Conclusiones: En el primer registro conjunto de ICC SAC-FAC se verificó elevada prevalencia de ICFER, alta prevalencia de comorbilidades, uso frecuente de ANH y pronóstico acorde a los registros internacionales.

Resumo Este estudo apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre os problemas sofridos por universitárias de cursos de ciência da computação, com o objetivo de examinar os motivos que levam à evasão de meninas desse curso. Uma gama completa de periódicos indexados foi pesquisada usando os bancos de dados da ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science e Springer. Um total de 818 artigos foram obtidos nas bibliotecas digitais, mas apenas 24 trabalhos foram aceitos para extração de dados desta revisão. Os resultados revelam que existem vários problemas que levam as meninas a evadir dos cursos de graduação em informática. Tais problemas foram descritos e classificados em seis categorias principais. Também foram abordadas iniciativas que vêm sendo aplicadas para minimizar o abandono dos cursos pelas alunas de graduação em ciência da computação. Apontar os principais problemas das estudantes de informática e identificar as limitações das iniciativas tomadas para solucioná-los é o primeiro passo para trabalhos futuros que proponham boas formas de contorná-los e delineiem soluções específicas para a sala de aula, conscientizando profissionais da educação e até colegas sobre estes problemas. A atenção a essas questões pode despertar o interesse dos pesquisadores, enquanto fazem a pós-graduação em STEM, em trabalhar para tornar mais positivas as experiências das alunas de graduação, diminuindo suas chances de evasão. Além disso, a partir dos resultados desta pesquisa, é possível tomar decisões acadêmicas, gerenciais e administrativas com base teórica em relação às questões de gênero.

Abstract This systematic literature review on the issues faced by female computer science undergraduates sought to examine the reported reasons for female evasion from computer science major. A full range of indexed journals was surveyed using the ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Springer databases. Of the 818 articles retrieved from the digital libraries, only 24 papers were selected for data extraction. The several issues cited as reasons for female evasion from computer science undergraduate courses were divided into six major categories and described. Initiatives that have been implemented to minimize the dropout rate among undergraduate computer science female students were also addressed. Pointing out the main issues faced by female computer science students and identifying the limitations of the initiatives taken to solve them is the first step for future work, proposing good ways around them and outlining specific solutions for the classroom, making education professionals and even classmates aware of these problem. Attention to these issues may pique the researchers’ interest, while pursuing a graduate STEM degree, in working to make the experience of female undergraduate students more positive, thus decreasing their chances of evasion. Moreover, based on the results of this research, it is possible to make theory-based academic, managerial and administrative decisions concerning gender issues.

Background: Hyaline cartilage has only a very restricted capability of regeneration in the adult. The incidence of chondral lesions at the knee is high, especially those of Grade II/III (Outerbridge). Therapies combining cells and biological scaffolds are promising biological approaches for the treatment of cartilage defects. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of in vitro culture of human chondrocytes on decellularized amniochorionic membrane (ACM). Methods: Between December 2010 and December 2011, 16 samples of cartilage from a living donor were processed, but only 7 of them were analyzed. Chondrocytes were grown and amplified on plastic and on ACM. The following analyses were carried out with those cells: interactions between cells and ACM; ACM capacity as a matrix for cells; and behavior of cells cultured on ACM. Results: In vitro chondrocytes exhibited phenotypic changes in the presence of ACM. The cells were able to adhere and remain on the spongy region of the membrane. Electron microscopy of cultured ACM showed cells, well preserved organelles, endoplasmic reticulum and desmosomes junctions. Conclusions: The feasibility of culturing chondrocytes on ACM was shown in this work. The cells were able to adhere, remain and differentiate on this membrane during the study period.

Introducción: El tejido cartilaginoso articular presenta escasa capacidad regenerativa. Existe alta incidencia de lesiones condrales en la rodilla, especialmente de grado II/III (Outerbridge). El uso combinado de células autólogas cultivadas con membranas biológicas es una posibilidad terapéutica. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las características del desarrollo in vitro de condrocitos humanos sobre una membrana amniocoriónica acelular (MAC) desecada. Materiales y métodos: Entre diciembre de 2010 y diciembre de 2011 se procesaron 16 muestras de cartílago de donante vivo, de las cuales se analizaron siete. Los condrocitos fueron cultivados y amplificados sobre plástico, a partir de lo cual se realizaron los siguientes análisis: interacción entre células y MAC, capacidad de la MAC como matriz para las células y comportamiento de las células cultivadas sobre la MAC. Resultados: Los condrocitos in vitro mostraron cambios fenotípicos en presencia de MAC. Las células fueron capaces de adherirse y permanecer en la región esponjosa de la membrana. La microscopia electrónica de las MAC cultivadas mostró la presencia de células, organelas celulares bien conservadas, retículo endoplásmico y uniones de tipo desmosoma. Conclusiones: Este trabajo muestra la factibilidad de cultivar condrocitos sobre MAC. Las células fueron capaces de adherirse, permanecer y diferenciarse sobre la membrana durante el tiempo del estudio.

OBJETIVO: avaliar se existe associação entre a medida do pico de velocidade sistólica (PVS) na dopplervelocimetria da artéria cerebral média (ACM) e a concentração de hemoglobina fetal e determinar a sua capacidade diagnóstica. MÉTODOS: entre janeiro de 2000 e maio de 2003, 44 gestantes isoimunizadas foram submetidas a transfusão intra-uterina. Realizou-se estudo dopplervelocimétrico da ACM antes de cada transfusão fetal, sempre com intervalo inferior a 3 horas, antecedendo o procedimento. O PVS da ACM foi considerado alterado quando seu valor era superior a 1,5 múltiplo da mediana para a respectiva idade gestacional. A concentração de hemoglobina do cordão foi aferida antes de se iniciar a infusão de sangue, realizada no Hemocue® (B-Hemoglobin Photometer Hemocue AB; Angelholm, Sweden). O estudo estatístico foi feito pelo teste do chi2 e também foram calculados os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo. RESULTADOS: foram realizados 83 procedimentos, sendo que em 33 a hemoglobina fetal era inferior a 10,0 g/dL. Houve associação significativa entre as variáveis estudadas, p<0,001. Fetos com hemoglobina menor ou igual a 10 g/dL apresentaram aumento significativo na medida do PVS na ACM, com valores superiores a 1,5 múltiplo da mediana. O PVS na ACM apresentou sensibilidade de 75,7% para a detecção de hemoglobina do cordão menor ou igual a 10 g/dL. CONCLUSÃO: o pico de velocidade sistólica na artéria cerebral média pode ser utilizado como método complementar no diagnóstico da anemia fetal.

PURPOSE: to assess the correlation between middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity and umbilical cord blood hemoglobin concentration and to determine its diagnostic value. PATIENTS AND METHODS: a cross-sectional prospective study was performed from January 2000 to May 2003. Forty-four isoimmunized pregnant women underwent a protocol for the identification of fetal hemolysis. When intrauterine transfusions were indicated, the umbilical cord blood hemoglobin concentration was measured at the beginning of the procedure. Each intrauterine transfusion preceded by Doppler velocimetry of the middle cerebral artery was regarded as one case, summing up eighty-three procedures. In all cases, the middle cerebral artery Doppler examinations were performed within the three hours preceding fetal blood sample collection. The systolic velocity peak was recorded and considered abnormal when its value was above 1.5 times the median for the corresponding gestational age. Hemocue® (B-Hemoglobin Photometer Hemocue AB; Angelholm, Sweden) was the device used to measure fetal hemoglobin concentration. The relationship between middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity and cord blood hemoglobin was obtained by the chi2 test, considered significant at p<0.05. RESULTS: in thirty-three cases the cord blood hemoglobin concentration was below 10.0 g/dL. There was a strong correlation between the two measured variables (p<0.001). The middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity with values above 1.5 times the median was associated with cord blood hemoglobin concentration below 10 g/mL (p<0,001). The sensitivity of an increased middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity was 75.8% for the detection of a cord blood hemoglobin level of 10 g/dL or lower. CONCLUSION: the middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity can be used as a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of fetal anemia.