ABSTRACT Wild birds have great prominence in the transmission of diseases to humans, mainly due to their ease of access to human populations, raising concerns about the potential impact of that proximity on public health. The present study reports ARV and PBV occurrence in wild birds from an environmental protection area in the Amazon biome, in Pará state, Brazil. We obtained 155 fecal specimens from 47 species of wild birds for RNA extraction, ARV and PBV detection utilizing molecular methods, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. ARV prevalence was 0.6% (1/155), being positive in an individual of Myrmotherula longipennis, and PBV prevalence was 1.29% (2/155), affecting two individuals of Guira guira. The PBV strains were assigned to genogroup I based on phylogenetic analysis, and they shared a strong phylogenetic link with strains isolated from different geographic locations. The ARV strain was more closely related to strains that had previously circulated in the same region. The presence of ARV and PBV in this habitat suggests that infection cycles of these agents occur naturally in the wild ecosystem, potentially triggering transmission events between bird species and humans. This is the first study on ARV detection in wild birds in Brazil and the first report on the occurrence of PBV in wild Guira guira. Additional studies are required to determine the epidemiology, origin, evolution, and emergence of new potentially pathogenic viruses in the Amazon.

RESUMO As aves silvestres têm grande destaque na transmissão de doenças ao homem, principalmente pela facilidade de acesso à população humana, levantando preocupações sobre o potencial impacto dessa proximidade no contexto da saúde pública. O presente estudo relata a ocorrência de ARV e PBV em aves silvestres de uma área de proteção ambiental no bioma Amazônico. Obtivemos 155 espécimes fecais de 47 espécies de aves silvestres, que foram submetidos a extração de RNA, detecção de ARV e PBV por técnicas moleculares, sequenciamento nucleotídico e análise filogenética. A prevalência de infecção por ARV foi 0,6% (1/155), sendo positivo em um indivíduo de Myrmotherula longipennis, e a prevalência de PBV foi 1,29% (2/155), afetando dois insdivíduos de Guira guira. A análise filogenética agrupou as cepas de PBV no genogrupo I, mostrando intensa relação filogenética com cepas isoladas de outras regiões geográficas. A cepa de ARV esteve mais relacionada filogeneticamente a cepas previamente circulantes na mesma região. Este é o primeiro estudo sobre detecção de ARV em aves silvestres no Brasil e o primeiro relato sobre a ocorrência de PBV em Guira guira. A circulação de ARV e PBV nesse ambiente demonstra que os ciclos desses agentes estão ocorrendo de forma natural no ecossistema silvestre, o que pode desencadear possíveis eventos de transmissão entre as espécies aviárias e humanos. Estudos adicionais são necessários para determinar a epidemiologia, origem, evolução e surgimento de novos vírus potencialmente patogênicos na Amazônia.

Resumo: Fatores associados a anemia e deficiência de vitamina A foram investigados em 7.716 crianças de 6-59 meses de idade parte da Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019). Adotamos uma abordagem hierárquica baseada em um modelo teórico do Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF) com três níveis estratificados por idade (6-23; 24-59 meses). Foram estimadas razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Determinantes habilitadores: observamos maior prevalência de anemia em crianças de 6-23 meses de idade cujas mães tinham ≤ 7 anos de escolaridade (RP = 1,92; IC95%: 1,10; 3,34), < 20 anos de idade (RP = 2,47; IC95%: 1,34; 4,56) ou 20-30 anos de idade (RP = 1,95; IC95%: 1,11; 3,44), cor parda (RP = 1,57; IC95%: 1,06; 2,23); e em crianças de 24-59 meses de idade na Região Norte (RP = 3,11; IC95%: 1,58; 6,13). Encontramos maior prevalência de deficiência de vitamina A em crianças de 6-23 meses de idade no Centro-oeste (RP = 2,32; IC95%: 1,33; 4,05) e em crianças de 24-59 meses de idade residentes nas regiões Norte (RP = 1,96; IC95%: 1,16; 3,30), Sul (RP = 3,07; IC95%: 1,89; 5,01) e Centro-oeste (RP = 1,91; IC95%: 1,12; 3,25) cujas mães tinham entre 20-34 anos de idade (RP = 1,62; IC95%: 1,11; 2,35). Determinantes subjacentes: a presença de mais de uma criança < 5 anos de idade no domicílio se associou a maior prevalência de anemia (RP = 1,61; IC95%: 1,15; 2,25) e deficiência de vitamina A (RP = 1,82; IC95%: 1,09; 3,05) em crianças de 6-23 meses de idade. Determinantes imediatos: o consumo de 1-2 grupos de alimentos ultraprocessados em crianças de 24-59 meses de idade (RP = 0,44; IC95%: 0,25; 0,81) e o não aleitamento materno no dia anterior em crianças de 6-23 meses de idade (RP = 0,56; IC95%: 0,36; 0,95) foram associados com a menor prevalência de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A. Políticas públicas focadas em grupos geográfica e socialmente vulneráveis são necessárias para promover equidade.

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Abstract: Factors associated with anemia and vitamin A deficiency were investigated in 7,716 children 6-59 months of age studied in the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). We adopted a hierarchical approach based on a United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) theoretical model with three levels, stratifying by age (6-23; 24-59 months). Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were estimated. Enabling determinants: a higher prevalence of anemia was observed in children 6-23 months whose mothers had ≤ 7 years of schooling (PR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.10; 3.34), < 20 years old (PR = 2.47; 95%CI: 1.34; 4.56) or 20-30 years old (PR = 1.95; 95%CI: 1.11; 3.44), mixed-race (PR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.06; 2.23); and in children 24-59 months in the North Region (PR = 3.11; 95%CI: 1.58; 6.13). A higher prevalence for vitamin A deficiency was observed in children 6-23 months from Central-West (PR = 2.32; 95%CI: 1.33; 4.05), and in children 24-59 months living in the North (PR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.16; 3.30), South (PR = 3.07; 95%CI: 1.89; 5.01), and Central-West (PR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.12; 3.25) and whose mothers were 20-34 years (PR = 1.62; 95%CI: 1.11; 2.35). Underlying determinants: the presence of more than one child < 5 years old in the household was associated with a higher prevalence of anemia (PR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.15; 2.25) and vitamin A deficiency (PR = 1.82; 95%CI: 1.09; 3.05) in children 6-23 months. Immediate determinants: consumption of 1-2 groups of ultra-processed foods in children 24-59 months (PR = 0.44; 95%CI: 0.25; 0.81) and lack of breastfeeding in the day before in children 6-23 months (PR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.36; 0.95) were associated with lower prevalence of anemia and vitamin A deficiency. Public policies focused on geographically and socially vulnerable groups are needed to promote equity.

Abstract Betamethasone (BET) is a synthetic glucocorticoid recommended for pregnant women at imminent risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks to reduce neonatal complications. There are different techniques to describe BET plasma quantification. However, none quantified the plasmatic concentration of BET in dichorionic (DC) twin pregnancies using LC-MS. Our objectives were to develop and validate a method for quantifying BET by LC-MS for pharmacokinetic (PK) and placental transfer studies in DC twin pregnancies. Blood samples were collected after intramuscular administration of a single BET dose containing 6 mg disodium phosphate + 6 mg acetate. BET was determined in plasma by liquid-liquid extraction. The method showed linearity in the range of 2-250 ng/mL, as well as precision and accuracy with a coefficient of variation and relative standard errors ≤ 15%. Additionally, the method presented selectivity and did not present matrix or carry-over effect. Stability tests also presented coefficient of variation and relative standard errors ≤ 15%. This is the first study which describe maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of BET in a DC twin pregnancy. The BET PK parameters were AUC0-∞, CL/F, Vd/F, Cmax, Tmax of 292.20 h*ng/mL, 39.08 L/h, 278.72 L, 25.55 ng/mL and 0.58 h, respectively. The placental transfer ratios of umbilical vein/maternal vein and intervillous space/maternal vein were 0.14 and 0.19 and 0.40 and 0.27 for both twins, respectively. However, a clinical study with more subjects is imperative to confirm this higher concentration of BET in the intervillous space.

ABSTRACT. Cognitive functions have been the subject of studies evaluating the pathophysiological mechanism of speech control. Objective: To compare the groups of patients with and without speech disorders with cognitive assessment, demographic, and clinical data (disease duration, functionality, and motor symptoms). Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Patients were evaluated using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III and neuropsychological tests. The following speech subsystems were analyzed: articulation, phonation, resonance, and prosody, through auditory-perceptual evaluation (based on the Protocol for the Evaluation of Acquired Speech Disorders in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease — PADAF Protocol tests), observing aspects of speech programming and execution. The patients were distributed into three subgroups (normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia). After speech evaluation, they were divided into two subgroups (with and without speech disorders). Results: A total of 150 patients participated in this study, 104 men and 46 women, 63.58 (8.81) years of age, 11.03 (4.00) years of schooling, 6.61 (4.69) years of disease progression, and with the highest proportion of individuals in stage I–II of the Hoehn & Yarh (H&Y) scale (86, or 57.33%). Statistically significant differences were observed between subgroups with and without speech alteration. Worse performance was verified in the Trail Making Test (TMT) TMT-Δ and a tendency of difference in the TMT-B of the subgroup with speech disorders, in addition to worse severity of motor symptoms (H&Y) and cognitive complaints. Conclusion: Individuals with speech disorders brought more frequent cognitive complaints and impairment below expected in tests assessing executive functions. Future studies, with stratification by type of speech disorder, are necessary to contribute to and validate these results.

RESUMO. As funções cognitivas têm sido alvo de estudos que avaliam o mecanismo patofisiológico do controle da fala. Objetivo: Comparar subgrupos de pacientes com e sem alterações de fala quanto à avaliação cognitiva, dados demográficos e clínicos (tempo de evolução da doença, funcionalidade e gravidade dos sintomas motores). Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, de corte transversal. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke III e testes neuropsicológicos. Foram analisados os seguintes subsistemas da fala: articulação, fonação, ressonância e prosódia, por meio de avaliação perceptivo-auditiva (baseada em testes do Protocolo de Avaliação dos Distúrbios Adquiridos de Fala em Indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson — PADAF), sendo observados aspectos da programação e execução da fala. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em três subgrupos (cognição normal, comprometimento cognitivo leve e demência). Após a avaliação da fala, foram divididos em dois subgrupos (com desordens da fala e sem desordens da fala). Resultados: Participaram deste estudo 150 pacientes, 104 homens e 46 mulheres, com 63,58 (8,81) anos de idade, 11,03 (4,00) anos de escolaridade e 6,61 (4,69) anos de evolução da doença, e maior proporção de indivíduos no estágio I–II da Escala de Hoehn & Yarh — H&Y (86, ou 57,33%). Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os subgrupos com e sem alteração da fala. Houve pior desempenho no Trail Making Test (TMT) TMT-Δ e tendência de diferença no TMT-B no subgrupo com desordens da fala, além de pior gravidade dos sintomas motores (H&Y) e queixa cognitiva. Conclusão: Os indivíduos com desordens da fala trouxeram queixas cognitivas com maior frequência e prejuízo abaixo do esperado nos testes que avaliam as funções executivas. Estudos futuros, com estratificação por tipo de distúrbio da fala, são necessários para a contribuição e validação destes resultados.

Abstract Background Management delays imply worse outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and, therefore, should be minimized. We evaluated changes in diagnostic and treatment delays regarding RA in the last decades in Brazil. Methods Adults fulfilling the ACR/EULAR (2010) criteria for RA were assessed. Delays in diagnosis and treatment, and the frequencies of early management initiation within thresholds (windows of opportunity) of 3, 6, and 12 months from symptoms onset were evaluated. The Mann–Kendall trend test, chi-squared tests with Cramer’s V effect sizes and analysis of variance were conducted. Results We included 1116 patients: 89.4% female, 56.8% white, mean (SD) age 57.1 (11.5) years. A downward trend was found in diagnostic (tau = - 0.677, p < 0.001) and treatment (tau = - 0.695, p < 0.001) delays from 1990 to 2015. The frequency of early management increased throughout the period, with ascending effect sizes across the 3-, 6-, and 12-month windows (V = 0.120, 0.200 and 0.261, respectively). Despite all improvements, even in recent years (2011–2015) the diagnostic and treatment delays still remained unacceptably high [median (IQR): 8 (4–12) and 11 (5–17) months, respectively], with only 17.2% of the patients treated within the shortest, 3-month window. Conclusion The delays in diagnosis and treatment of RA decreased during the last decades in Brazil. Improvements (effect sizes) were greater at eliminating extreme delays (≥ 12 months) than in attaining really short management windows (≤ 3 months). Very early treatment was still an unrealistic goal for most patients with RA.

Abstract Background Early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) offers an opportunity for better treatment outcomes. In real-life settings, grasping this opportunity might depend on access to specialized care. We evaluated the effects of early versus late assessment by the rheumatologist on the diagnosis, treatment initiation and long-term outcomes of RA under real-life conditions. Methods Adults meeting the ACR/EULAR (2010) or ARA (1987) criteria for RA were included. Structured interviews were conducted. The specialized assessment was deemed “early” when the rheumatologist was the first or second physician consulted after symptoms onset, and “late” when performed afterwards. Delays in RA diagnosis and treatment were inquired. Disease activity (DAS28-CRP) and physical function (HAQ-DI) were evaluated. Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, chi-squared and correlation tests, and multiple linear regression were performed. For sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched subsample of early- vs. late-assessed participants was derived based on logistic regression. The study received ethical approval; all participants signed informed consent. Results We included 1057 participants (89.4% female, 56.5% white); mean (SD) age: 56.9 (11.5) years; disease duration: 173.1 (114.5) months. Median (IQR) delays from symptoms onset to both RA diagnosis and initial treatment coincided: 12 (6–36) months, with no significant delay between diagnosis and treatment. Most participants (64.6%) first sought a general practitioner. Notwithstanding, 80.7% had the diagnosis established only by the rheumatologist. Only a minority (28.7%) attained early RA treatment (≤ 6 months of symptoms). Diagnostic and treatment delays were strongly correlated (rho 0.816; p < 0.001). The chances of missing early treatment more than doubled when the assessment by the rheumatologist was belated (OR 2.77; 95% CI: 1.93, 3.97). After long disease duration, late-assessed participants still presented lower chances of remission/low disease activity (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.99), while the early-assessed ones showed better DAS28-CRP and HAQ-DI scores (difference in means [95% CI]: −0.25 [−0.46, −0.04] and − 0.196 [−0.306, −0.087] respectively). The results in the propensity-score matched subsample confirmed those observed in the original (whole) sample. Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment initiation in patients with RA was critically dependent on early access to the rheumatologist; late specialized assessment was associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes.

Abstract Introduction Although Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) extra-articular manifestations (ExtRA) occurrence has been decreasing over time, they are still a major mortality risk factor for patients. Objective To determine the prevalence of ExtRA in a large cohort, and its association with demographic and clinical variables. Method Cross-sectional and observational study, based on a multi-centric database from a prospective cohort, in which 11 public rheumatology centres enrolled RA patients (1987 ARA or 2010 ACR-EULAR). Data collection began in 08-2015, using a single online electronic medical record. Continuous variables were compared using Mann–Whit-ney U-test, and Fisher's exact test or chi-square test, as appropriate, were used for categorical variables. The level of significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results 1115 patients were included: 89% women, age [mean ± SD] 58.2 ± 11.5 years, disease duration 14.5 ± 12.2 years, positive Rheumatoid Factor (RF, n = 1108) in 77%, positive anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACPA, n = 477) in 78%. Regarding ExtRA, 334 occurrences were registered in 261 patients, resulting in an overall prevalence of 23.4% in the cohort. The comparison among ExtRA and Non-ExtRA groups shows significant higher age (p < 0.001), disease duration (p < 0.001), RF high titers (p = 0.018), Clinical Disease Activity index (CDAI) (p < 0.001), Disease Activity Index 28 (DAS 28) (p < 0.001), and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) (p < 0.001) in ExtRA group. Treatment with Azathioprine (p = 0.002), Etanercept (p = 0.049) Glucocorticoids (GC) (‘p = 0.002), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (p < 0.001) were more frequent in ExtRA group. Conclusions ExtRA manifestations still show an expressive occurrence that should not be underestimated. Our findings reinforce that long-term seropositive disease, associated with significant disability and persistent inflammatory activity are the key factors related to ExtRA development.

Abstract: Factors associated with anemia and vitamin A deficiency were investigated in 7,716 children 6-59 months of age studied in the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). We adopted a hierarchical approach based on a United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) theoretical model with three levels, stratifying by age (6-23; 24-59 months). Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were estimated. Enabling determinants: a higher prevalence of anemia was observed in children 6-23 months whose mothers had ≤ 7 years of schooling (PR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.10; 3.34), < 20 years old (PR = 2.47; 95%CI: 1.34; 4.56) or 20-30 years old (PR = 1.95; 95%CI: 1.11; 3.44), mixed-race (PR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.06; 2.23); and in children 24-59 months in the North Region (PR = 3.11; 95%CI: 1.58; 6.13). A higher prevalence for vitamin A deficiency was observed in children 6-23 months from Central-West (PR = 2.32; 95%CI: 1.33; 4.05), and in children 24-59 months living in the North (PR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.16; 3.30), South (PR = 3.07; 95%CI: 1.89; 5.01), and Central-West (PR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.12; 3.25) and whose mothers were 20-34 years (PR = 1.62; 95%CI: 1.11; 2.35). Underlying determinants: the presence of more than one child < 5 years old in the household was associated with a higher prevalence of anemia (PR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.15; 2.25) and vitamin A deficiency (PR = 1.82; 95%CI: 1.09; 3.05) in children 6-23 months. Immediate determinants: consumption of 1-2 groups of ultra-processed foods in children 24-59 months (PR = 0.44; 95%CI: 0.25; 0.81) and lack of breastfeeding in the day before in children 6-23 months (PR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.36; 0.95) were associated with lower prevalence of anemia and vitamin A deficiency. Public policies focused on geographically and socially vulnerable groups are needed to promote equity.

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Resumo: Fatores associados a anemia e deficiência de vitamina A foram investigados em 7.716 crianças de 6-59 meses de idade parte da Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019). Adotamos uma abordagem hierárquica baseada em um modelo teórico do Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF) com três níveis estratificados por idade (6-23; 24-59 meses). Foram estimadas razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Determinantes habilitadores: observamos maior prevalência de anemia em crianças de 6-23 meses de idade cujas mães tinham ≤ 7 anos de escolaridade (RP = 1,92; IC95%: 1,10; 3,34), < 20 anos de idade (RP = 2,47; IC95%: 1,34; 4,56) ou 20-30 anos de idade (RP = 1,95; IC95%: 1,11; 3,44), cor parda (RP = 1,57; IC95%: 1,06; 2,23); e em crianças de 24-59 meses de idade na Região Norte (RP = 3,11; IC95%: 1,58; 6,13). Encontramos maior prevalência de deficiência de vitamina A em crianças de 6-23 meses de idade no Centro-oeste (RP = 2,32; IC95%: 1,33; 4,05) e em crianças de 24-59 meses de idade residentes nas regiões Norte (RP = 1,96; IC95%: 1,16; 3,30), Sul (RP = 3,07; IC95%: 1,89; 5,01) e Centro-oeste (RP = 1,91; IC95%: 1,12; 3,25) cujas mães tinham entre 20-34 anos de idade (RP = 1,62; IC95%: 1,11; 2,35). Determinantes subjacentes: a presença de mais de uma criança < 5 anos de idade no domicílio se associou a maior prevalência de anemia (RP = 1,61; IC95%: 1,15; 2,25) e deficiência de vitamina A (RP = 1,82; IC95%: 1,09; 3,05) em crianças de 6-23 meses de idade. Determinantes imediatos: o consumo de 1-2 grupos de alimentos ultraprocessados em crianças de 24-59 meses de idade (RP = 0,44; IC95%: 0,25; 0,81) e o não aleitamento materno no dia anterior em crianças de 6-23 meses de idade (RP = 0,56; IC95%: 0,36; 0,95) foram associados com a menor prevalência de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A. Políticas públicas focadas em grupos geográfica e socialmente vulneráveis são necessárias para promover equidade.

SUMMARY: Stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. The great impact on the quality of life of the population and on the health system justifies that we seek relevant alternatives to reduce the incidence and improve the treatment and recovery of patients affected by this disease. Physical exercise appears as an important tool in this scenario, being already pointed out as a possible therapeutic approach for the prevention of non-contagious chronic diseases. In this context, biomarkers such as miRNAs that respond to physical exercise and are directly related to several epigenetic mechanisms appear. Therefore, explaining the molecular mechanisms involved during physical exercise will lead to a better understanding of each stimulus and the dose to be used to better respond to each situation, thus being a promising approach for the evolution of prescription and control of training and processes recovery from various diseases, including stroke. Forty-eight Wistar rats were used, divided into four experimental groups: control group, ischemia group, physical exercise group and exercise + ischemia group. Real-time PCR methodology was used to analyze the expression of miRNAs: miR-126, miR-133b and miR-221. In our study we observed a significant difference in the expression of miR- 221 between the control group and the others groups. However, microRNAs: miR-126 and miR-133b do not show significant differences in expression between groups.

RESUMEN: El ictus es una de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad en todo el mundo. El gran impacto en la calidad de vida de la población y en el sistema de salud justifica buscar alternativas pertinentes para reducir la incidencia y mejorar el tratamiento y recuperación de los pacientes afectados por esta enfermedad. El ejercicio físico aparece como una herramienta importante en este escenario, siendo ya señalado como un posible abordaje terapéutico para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no contagiosas. En este contexto, aparecen biomarcadores como los miRNAs que responden al ejercicio físico y están directamente relacionados con varios mecanismos epigenéticos. Por lo tanto, explicar los mecanismos moleculares involucrados durante el ejercicio físico conducirá a una mejor comprensión de cada estímulo y la dosis a utilizar para responder mejor a cada situación, siendo así un enfoque prometedor para la evolución de la prescripción, el control del entrenamiento y los procesos de recuperación de diversas enfermedades, incluido el accidente cerebrovascular. Se utilizaron cuarenta y ocho ratas Wistar, divididas en cuatro grupos experimentales: grupo control, grupo isquemia, grupo ejercicio físico y grupo ejercicio + isquemia. Se utilizó la metodología de PCR en tiempo real para analizar la expresión de miRNAs: miR-126, miR-133b y miR-221. En nuestro estudio observamos una diferencia significativa en la expresión de miR-221 entre el grupo control y los demás grupos. Sin embargo, los microARN: miR-126 y miR-133b no mostraron diferencias significativas en la expresión entre grupos.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Porvac( is a subunit vaccine against Classical Swine Fever (CSF), whose active principle is the chimeric protein between the E2 antigen and the molecular adjuvant CD154. Its ability to prevent transplacental transmission and to protect 7 days after one dose was demonstrated. This paper summarizes the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy studies of this vaccine at different ages and handling conditions. Methods. The vaccine was produced under GMP conditions. Dubroc x Yorkshire crossbreed swine were used in all experiments. The general immunization schedule consists in two immunizations on days 0 and 21 by the intramuscular route in the neck. The neutralizing antibody response was measured by the NPLA assay. Viral challenge experiments were conducted in controlled areas. Results and Discussion. Porvac( was safe and well tolerated in piglets and pregnant sows. No local or systemic reactions were documented. The number of offspring, their weight and survival in vaccinated sows was similar to unvaccinated controls. Different immunization schedules with Porvac( induce protective neutralizing antibodies (NAb). The titers of maternal derived antibodies (MDA) in the offspring of Porvac( or Attenuated Life vaccine and Porvac( vaccinated sows were higher than 1:200 up to at least 8 weeks of life. The MDA were able to protect piglets from a lethal viral challenge. Those MDA did not interfere with Porvac( vaccination of the piglets 15 days after birth or more. Finally, Porvac( induced NAb titers persisted during 9 months above 1:2000 and were still protective against the viral challenge. Conclusions. The results demonstrate the capacity of Porvac( to be safe and to induce robust and long term immunity through all the life of the animals, without immunological windows.

RESUMEN Introducción. Porvac( es una vacuna de subunidad contra la peste porcina clásica, cuyo principio activo es la proteína quimérica entre el antígeno E2 y el adyuvante molecular CD154. Se ha demostrado su capacidad para evitar la transmisión transplacentaria y proteger 7 días después de una dosis. El presente trabajo ha resumido los estudios de seguridad y eficacia de esta vacuna en diferentes edades y condiciones de manejo. Métodos. La vacuna se produjo en condiciones de BPM. Para los ensayos clínicos se emplearon cerdos Dubroc x Yorkshire. Por lo general, se empleó un esquema de 2 dosis los días 0 y 21 y se administraron 2 mL por vía intramuscular. La respuesta de anticuerpos neutralizantes se midió por NPLA. Los ensayos de desafío viral se realizaron en áreas controladas. Resultados. Se demostró la seguridad de Porvac( en crías y en cerdas gestantes. No se observaron reacciones locales ni sistémicas. El número de crías, su peso y sobrevida fue similar en las cerdas vacunadas y sus controles. Se evidenció la capacidad de Porvac( al inducir títulos de anticuerpos neutralizantes (AcN) protectores con diferentes esquemas. Los títulos de AcN calostrales (AcNC) en las crías de madres vacunadas con Porvac® o con VVA y Porvac( fueron superiores a 1:200 hasta al menos 8 semanas. Los AcNC fueron suficientes para proteger a las crías frente al reto viral letal. Se demostró que los AcNC no interferían en la vacunación con Porvac( en crías a partir de 15 días de nacidas. Finamente, los títulos de AcN inducidos por Porvac( persistieron durante 9 meses por encima de 1:2000 y protegieron frente al retoviral. Conclusiones . Los resultados evidenciaron la seguridad de Porvac( y su capacidad para inducir una inmunidad robusta y sostenida en los animales desde su nacimiento hasta la muerte, sin ventanas inmunológicas durante todo el ciclo productivo.

Abstract Introdução: A diálise peritoneal (DP) é importante para a pediatria. Este estudo mostrou dados de centros brasileiros que utilizam DP pediátrica. Método: Estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo com questionário eletrônico. Incluiu-se pacientes de 0-18 anos em DP cadastrados nos bancos de dados dos diversos centros. Questionário preenchido anonimamente, sem dados de identificação. Foi adotada metodologia quantitativa. Resultados: 212 pacientes estão em DP no Brasil (agosto, 2021). 80% têm menos de 12 anos de idade. A maioria realiza DP automatizada e 74% são dependentes do Sistema Único de Saúde. Em 25% dos centros faltou material de DP e em 51% os pacientes pediátricos foram convertidos de DP para HD. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes tinha menos de 12 anos e era dependente do SUS. A escassez de insumos aconteceu em 25% dos centros. Esses dados apontam para o problema da sustentabilidade de DP, única alternativa de TRS em crianças muito pequenas.

Resumo Introdução: A diálise peritoneal (DP) é importante para a pediatria. Este estudo mostrou dados de centros brasileiros que utilizam DP pediátrica. Método: Estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo com questionário eletrônico. Incluiu-se pacientes de 0-18 anos em DP cadastrados nos bancos de dados dos diversos centros. Questionário preenchido anonimamente, sem dados de identificação. Foi adotada metodologia quantitativa. Resultados: 212 pacientes estão em DP no Brasil (agosto, 2021). 80% têm menos de 12 anos de idade. A maioria realiza DP automatizada e 74% são dependentes do Sistema Único de Saúde. Em 25% dos centros faltou material de DP e em 51% os pacientes pediátricos foram convertidos de DP para HD. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes tinha menos de 12 anos e era dependente do SUS. A escassez de insumos aconteceu em 25% dos centros. Esses dados apontam para o problema da sustentabilidade de DP, única alternativa de TRS em crianças muito pequenas.

RESUMO Com base nos estudos em linguística aplicada trans/indisciplinar e em teorias discursivas de linguagem, este artigo investiga representações discursivas de ensino-aprendizagem de inglês de coaches de idiomas. Nosso corpus é constituído de dizeres enunciados por coaches, em vídeos no YouTube, nos quais buscamos regularidades enunciativas e delineamos quatro principais representações, a saber: (1) não se aprende inglês por métodos formais; (2) aprende-se inglês evitando-se a língua materna; (3) aprende-se inglês acreditando-se no próprio potencial; e (4) aprende-se inglês estabelecendo-se metas. Nossas análises apontam para o funcionamento de uma interdiscursividade neoliberalista que se atualiza na suposta novidade trazida pela profissão e reforça o imaginário de ensino-aprendizagem de uma língua outra como processo natural e espontâneo, passível de controle e domínio e, consequentemente, isento de quaisquer conflitos e tensões inerentes ao sujeito de linguagem.

ABSTRACT Based on studies on trans/indisciplinary applied linguistics and on discursive theories of language, this paper investigates discursive representations of English teaching & learning by language coaches. To this end, this study investigated enunciative regularities in a corpus of utterances of English coaches on YouTube videos, delineating four main representations: (1) one does not learn English by formal methods; (2) one learns English by avoiding their mother tongue; (3) one learns English by believing in their own potential; and (4) one learns English by establishing goals. The analyses indicate a neoliberal interdiscursivity that is updated in the supposed novelty brought by the profession and reinforces the imaginary that teaching and learning a second language is a natural and spontaneous process that can be controlled and mastered, thus exempting any conflicts and tensions inherent to the subject of language.

Resumo Objetivo reconhecer a conformação de competências em promoção da saúde na residência multiprofissional em saúde. Método estudo qualitativo, realizado junto aos programas de residência multiprofissional do estado do Ceará e orientado pelo referencial do Competences in Health Promotion Project (CompHP). Participaram 13 profissionais do colegiado docente de cinco programas de residência com atuação prioritária na atenção básica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e interpretados por meio de dendrograma organizado no ALCESTE. Resultados duas classes foram originadas relacionando as concepções do colegiado docente da residência sobre competências, competência em promoção da saúde e seu desenvolvimento a partir do processo formativo da residência multiprofissional. O desenvolvimento de competências em promoção da saúde na residência multiprofissional envolve a articulação de atributos psicomotores, cognitivos e afetivos. Para tanto, valorizam-se as práticas coletivas e multiprofissionais, utilizando estratégias de comunicação, educação popular e identificação de parcerias, entre outros. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática fomentar o desenvolvimento de competências em promoção da saúde contribui com a superação de modelos tradicionais de ensino e práticas de saúde, entretanto, aspectos políticos, institucionais e sociais destacam a necessidade de cautela no desenvolvimento de estudos pautados na formação de equipes multiprofissionais, representando limitações do estudo.

Abstract Objective to recognize the conformation of competences in health promotion in the multidisciplinary health residency. Method a qualitative study, carried out with multiprofessional residency programs in the state of Ceará and guided by the Competences in Health Promotion Project (CompHP) framework. Thirteen professionals from the faculty of five residency programs with priority performance in primary care took part. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and interpreted using a dendrogram organized in ALCESTE. Results two classes were originated relating the conceptions of the residency faculty collegiate about competences, competence in health promotion and its development from the training process of the multidisciplinary residency. The development of skills in health promotion in the multiprofessional residency involves the articulation of psychomotor, cognitive and affective attributes. Therefore, collective and multidisciplinary practices are valued, using communication strategies, popular education and identification of partnerships, among others. Final considerations and implications for the practice fostering the development of skills in health promotion contributes to overcoming traditional teaching models and health practices; however, political, institutional and social aspects highlight the need for caution in the development of studies based on training of multidisciplinary teams, representing study limitations.

Resumen Objetivo reconocer la conformación de competencias en promoción de la salud en la residencia multidisciplinar de salud. Método estudio cualitativo, realizado con programas de residencia multiprofesional en el estado de Ceará y guiado por el marco del Proyecto de Competencias en Promoción de la Salud (CompHP). Participaron trece profesionales de la facultad de cinco programas de residencia con actuación prioritaria en atención primaria. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas e interpretados mediante un dendrograma organizado en ALCESTE. Resultados se originaron dos clases relacionando las concepciones del colegiado de la facultad de residencia sobre competencias, competencia en promoción de la salud y su desarrollo a partir del proceso formativo de la residencia multidisciplinar. El desarrollo de habilidades en promoción de la salud en la residencia multiprofesional implica la articulación de atributos psicomotores, cognitivos y afectivos. Por ello, se valoran las prácticas colectivas y multidisciplinares, utilizando estrategias de comunicación, educación popular e identificación de alianzas, entre otras. Consideraciones finales e implicaciones para la práctica fomentar el desarrollo de habilidades en promoción de la salud contribuye a superar los modelos tradicionales de enseñanza y las prácticas de salud, sin embargo aspectos políticos, institucionales y sociales resaltan la necesidad de cautela en el desarrollo de estudios basados en la formación de equipos multidisciplinarios, representando limitaciones del estudio.

Abstract The objective of this research is to evaluate the possibility of use of tropical hardwood species (Amburana cearensis and Cedrella fissilis) for grilling plank production. Physical, chemical and organoleptic properties were evaluated and compared with properties of a well-used wood specie for grilling plank across Europe and USA, Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata). For chemical analysis, three techniques were used: hydro distillation, soxhlet and head space. Normality test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for the comparison between Thuja plicata and tropical hardwoods. The results of organoleptic, chemical and statistical analysis demonstrated the possibility of use of Amburana cearensis and Cedrella fissilis on grilling plank production, with no volatile compound present in these species being toxic, low apparent density and Nerolidol presence, chemical compound used as flavoring agent, enabling their use as grilling planks.

Abstract The objective of this study was to prepare three donkey milk yoghurt formulations mixed with goat, cow and buffalo milk. The formulations were developed with 50% donkey milk and 50% cow, buffalo or goat milk. Concentrated mango pulp was added for flavouring. An evaluation was performed on the chemical composition of each milk sample and the formulated yoghurts. The donkey milk showed the lowest values for fat, protein, casein, total solids and non-fat solids. In turn, goat milk reached higher levels of fat and total solids. Furthermore, buffalo milk stood out with the highest values of protein and non-fat solids. Yoghurt made with donkey and buffalo milk showed higher concentrations of protein, lactose, total solids and non-fat solids. In contrast, the yoghurt that contained donkey and cow milk in its formulation obtained a higher fat percentage and a lower percentage of lactose, total solids and non-fat solids. The low content of fat and total solids in donkey milk, in addition to the structure of the casein micelles and small fat globules favor low consistency in fermented products. Thus, mixing donkey milk with milks from other animal species can result in better chemical composition and better consistency.