Abstract Introduction: Despite the high rate of tuberculosis indicators in Brazil, the Federal District shows a low prevalence of the disease. Objective: To analyze the relationship between climatic factors and air quality with tuberculosis in the Brazilian Federal District. Methodology: This was an ecological and descriptive study comparing 3927 new cases of Tuberculosis registered at the Federal District Tuberculosis Control Program with data from the National Institute of Meteorology, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Brazilian Agricultural Research Institute, Brasilia Environmental Institute, and the Federal District Planning Company. Results: From 2003 to 2012, there has been a higher incidence of Tuberculosis (27.0%) in male patients in the winter (27.2%). Patients under 15 years of age (28.6%) and older than 64 years (27.1%) were more affected in the fall. For youth and adults (15-64 years), the highest number of cases was reported during winter (44.3%). The disease was prevalent with ultraviolet radiation over 17 MJ/m2 (67.8%; p = <0.001); relative humidity between 31.0% and 69.0% (95.8% of cases; p = <0.00); 12 h of daily sunlight or more (40.6%; p = 0.001); and temperatures between 20 °C and 23 °C (72.4%; p = <0.001). In the city of Taguatinga and surrounding area, pollution levels dropped to 15.2% between 2003 and 2012. Smoke levels decreased to 31.9%. In the Sobradinho region, particulate matter dropped to 13.1% and smoke to 19.3%, coinciding with the reduction of Tuberculosis incidence rates during the same period. Conclusion: The results should guide surveillance actions for Tuberculosis control and elimination and indicate the need to expand observation time to new climate indicators and air quality.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A esclerose múltipla é uma doença adquirida que se caracteriza por áreas desmielinizadas no encéfalo e na medula espinal. O quadro clínico depende das áreas anatômicas acometidas. As principais causas de morte são infecção, falência respiratória e estado de mal epiléptico. Ocorre em pacientes geneticamente predispostos após contato com fatores ambientais, principalmente os vírus. O objetivo desse relato foi apresentar a técnica anestésica adotada em paciente com esclerose múltipla submetida à cesariana. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente com 32 anos, 60 kg, portadora de esclerose múltipla, tratada com metilprednisolona, deu entrada no centro obstétrico para realização de cesariana. Após monitoração foi realizada anestesia subaracnóidea com bupivacaína a 0,5% hiperbárica (12,5 mg) associada à morfina (0,1 mg). O procedimento evoluiu sem intercorrências e a paciente recebeu alta hospitalar 48 horas após o parto sem piora dos sintomas preexistentes. CONCLUSÕES: O presente caso sugere que a raquianestesia pode ser administrada em paciente portador de esclerose múltipla sem a ocorrência obrigatória de exacerbações agudas dos sintomas no período pós-operatório.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis is an acquired disease characterized by demyelinated areas in the brain and spinal cord. The clinical presentation depends on the anatomical areas involved. The main causes of death are infection, respiratory failure, and status epilepticus. It affects genetically predisposed patients after contact with environmental factors, especially viruses. The objective of this report was to present the anesthetic technique used in a patient with multiple sclerosis undergoing cesarean section. CASE REPORT: A 32-year old patient, 60 kg, with multiple sclerosis, treated with methylprednisolone, was admitted to the obstetric ward for a cesarean section. After monitoring, subarachnoid anesthesia was performed with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (12.5 mg) associated with morphine (0.1 mg). The procedure evolved without any intercurrences and the patient was discharged from the hospital 48 hours after delivery without worsening of her symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that spinal anesthesia can be administered in patients with multiple sclerosis without the acute worsening of their symptoms in the postoperative period.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad adquirida que se caracteriza por áreas desmielinizadas en el encéfalo y en la médula espinal. El cuadro clínico depende de las áreas anatómicas acometidas. Las principales causas de muerte son infección, falencia respiratoria y estado de mal epiléptico. Ocurre en pacientes genéticamente predispuestos después del contacto con factores ambientales, principalmente los virus. El objetivo de este relato fue presentar la técnica anestésica adoptada en paciente con esclerosis múltiple sometida a cesárea. RELATO DEL CASO: Paciente con 32 anos, 60 kg, portadora de esclerosis múltiple, tratada con metilprednisolona, entró en el centro obstétrico para realización de cesárea. Después de la monitorización se realizó anestesia subaracnoidea con bupivacaína a 0,5% hiperbara (12,5 mg) asociada a la morfina (0,1 mg). El procedimiento evolucionó sin interferencias y la paciente recibió su alta hospitalaria 48 horas después del parto sin empeoramiento de los síntomas preexistentes. CONCLUSIONES: El presente caso nos sugiere que la anestesia raquidea puede ser administrada en paciente portador de esclerosis múltiple sin la incidencia obligatoria de exacerbaciones agudas de los síntomas en el período postoperatorio.