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ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The Brazilian Society of Hepatology (SBH) published in 2020 the updated recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Since then, new data have emerged in the literature, including new drugs approved for the systemic treatment of HCC that were not available at the time. The SBH board conducted an online single-topic meeting to discuss and review the recommendations on the systemic treatment of HCC. The invited experts were asked to conduct a systematic review of the literature on each topic related to systemic treatment and to present the summary data and recommendations during the meeting. All panelists gathered together for discussion of the topics and elaboration of the updated recommendations. The present document is the final version of the reviewed manuscript containing the recommendations of SBH and its aim is to assist healthcare professionals, policy-makers, and planners in Brazil and Latin America with systemic treatment decision-making of patients with HCC.

RESUMO O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é uma das principais causas de mortalidade relacionada a câncer no Brasil e no mundo. A Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia (SBH) publicou em 2020 a atualização das recomendações da SBH para o diagnóstico e tratamento do CHC. Desde então, novas evidências científicas sobre o tratamento sistêmico do CHC foram relatadas na literatura médica, incluindo novos medicamentos aprovados que não estavam disponíveis na época do último consenso, levando a diretoria da SBH a promover uma reunião monotemática on-line para discutir e rever as recomendações sobre o tratamento sistêmico do CHC. Um grupo de experts foi convidado para realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura e apresentar uma atualização, baseada em evidências científicas, sobre cada tópico relacionado ao tratamento sistêmico e a apresentar os dados e recomendações resumidas durante a reunião. Todos os painelistas se reuniram para discutir os tópicos e elaborar as recomendações atualizadas. O presente documento é a versão final do manuscrito revisado, contendo as recomendações da SBH, e seu objetivo é auxiliar os profissionais de saúde, formuladores de políticas e planejadores no Brasil e na América Latina na tomada de decisões sobre o tratamento sistêmico de pacientes com CHC.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202301000-14

Nurses’ recommendations to the psychoaffective dimensions of patients hospitalized in nephrology
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Azevedo, Albert Lengruber de

; Araújo, Sílvia Teresa Carvalho de

; Pessoa Júnior, João Mário

; Cunha, Lidiane Passos

; Neves, Keila do Carmo

; Bastos, Soraia do Socorro Furtado

; Moreira, Alessandra Guimarães Monteiro

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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2021, Volumen 74 Nº 2 elocation e20200821

Resumen: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as recomendações de enfermeiros sobre as dimensões psicoafetivas de pacientes hospitalizados em nefrologia. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, realizado mediante aplicação de questionário sociodemográfico e de formação, leitura de caso clínico e realização de entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram 14 enfermeiros de hospital referência em nefrologia da Região Sudeste. No aporte técnico de tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: as recomendações contemplaram o exercício da empatia; monitoramento das emoções a partir da implementação da consulta de enfermagem; compartilhamento contínuo das tensões, anseios e desejos; conhecimento da própria emoção; ampliação da disponibilidade para ouvir; efetivação da abordagem em equipe e grupos de convivência. Conclusões: o reconhecimento das dimensões psicoafetivas de pacientes, no contexto da atuação do enfermeiro, favorece a ampliação dos espaços de escuta terapêutica, acolhimento e convivência interpessoal na nefrologia, essenciais na produção do cuidado em saúde integral.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze nurses’ recommendations on the psycho-affective dimensions of patients hospitalized in nephrology. Methods: a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, carried out by applying a sociodemographic and training questionnaire, reading a clinical case and conducting a semi-structured interview. Fourteen nurses from a reference hospital in nephrology in the Southeast participated. In the technical input of data treatment, thematic content analysis was used. Results: the recommendations included the exercise of empathy; monitoring of emotions from the implementation of the nursing consultation; continuous sharing of tensions, anxieties and desires; knowledge of one’s emotion; increased availability to listen; effectiveness of the approach in teams and social groups. Conclusions: recognizing patients’ psycho-affective dimensions, in the context of nurses’ performance, favors the expansion of therapeutic listening spaces, welcoming and interpersonal coexistence in nephrology, essential in the production of comprehensive health care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las recomendaciones de enfermeras sobre las dimensiones psicoafectivas de los pacientes hospitalizados en nefrología. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, realizado mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario sociodemográfico y formativo, la lectura de un caso clínico y la realización de una entrevista semiestructurada. Participaron 14 enfermeras de un hospital de referencia en nefrología de la Región Sureste. En el insumo técnico de tratamiento de datos se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: las recomendaciones incluyeron el ejercicio de la empatía; seguimiento de las emociones desde la implementación de la consulta de enfermería; compartir continuamente tensiones, ansiedades y deseos; conocimiento de la propia emoción; mayor disponibilidad para escuchar; efectividad del enfoque en equipos y grupos sociales. Conclusiones: el reconocimiento de las dimensiones psicoafectivas de los pacientes, en el contexto de la actuación del enfermero, favorece la ampliación de espacios de escucha terapéutica, recepción y convivencia interpersonal en nefrología, imprescindibles en la producción de una atención integral de salud.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0821 242 descargas

The impact of hepatitis E infection on hepatic fibrosis in liver transplanted patients for hepatitis C infection
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de Moraes, Adriano Claudio Pereira

; Gouvea, Michele Gomes

; Ferreira, Ariana Carolina

; Pinho, João Renato Rebello

; de Mello, Evandro Sobroza

; D'Albuquerque, Luiz Augusto Carneiro

; Terrabuio, Debora

; Abdala, Edson

; Carrilho, Flair José

; Pessoa, Mário Guimarães

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2021, Volumen 25 Nº 3 elocation 101587

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is an infection known worldwide for its asymptomatic and self-limited course in most cases. Some cases progressing to chronicity have been described in immunosuppressed patients, especially in recipients of solid organ transplants. We evaluated laboratory parameters of HEV infection (HEV RNA, anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG) through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa), confirmed by immunoblotting, in a cohort of 294 patients who received liver transplants at the HCFMUSP (Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo). Laboratory and demographic data were collected from the entirety of the transplanted population. Hepatic biopsies of 122 patients transplanted due liver failure secondary to hepatitis C (HCV), with or without serological or molecular markers of HEV, were analyzed according to METAVIR score. Out of 24 (8.2%) patients tested positive for anti-HEV IgG, six (2%) were positive for anti-HEV IgM and 17 (5.8%) for HEV RNA. Of the patients transplanted because of HCV infection, 95 (77.8%) had received treatment including ribavirin for at least six months before blood sample collection. Among patients transplanted due to HCV cirrhosis who tested positive for anti-HEV IgG, only three (37.5%) showed fibrosis beyond stage 2, while five (41.7%) of the HEV RNA-positive patients had liver fibrosis beyond stage 2. Overall, the prevalence of HEV in the post-hepatic transplant scenario appears to be low, and, at least histologically, seemingly not harmful. We conclude that, although some studies reported a risk of HEV chronification, patients who had their livers transplanted due to HCV and showed serological or molecular markers of HEV did not have higher levels of fibrosis compared to patients who showed no indications of HEV infection at the time of the analysis.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101587 35 descargas

Hepatitis E virus infection increases the risk of diabetes and severity of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
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Zitelli, Patricia Momoyo Yoshimura

; Gomes-Gouvêa, Michele

; Mazo, Daniel F.

; Singer, Julio da Motta

; Oliveira, Claudia P.M.S.

; Farias, Alberto Queiroz

; Pinho, João Renato

; Tanigawa, Ryan Yukimatsu

; Alves, Venâncio Avancini Ferreira

; Carrilho, Flair José

; Pessoa, Mário Guimarães

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2021, Volumen 76 elocation e3270

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVES: Co-infection with hepatitis A or B viruses may aggravate liver injury in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, few studies have assessed co-infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) and HCV. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and impact of HEV infection among Brazilian patients with chronic HCV infection. METHODS: This observational study included adult patients with chronic HCV infection who were naive to antiviral therapy from January 2013 to March 2016. A total of 181 patients were enrolled, and HEV serology and PCR were performed for all patients. RESULTS: Seropositivity for anti-HEV IgG was detected in 22 (12.0%) patients and anti-HEV immunoglobulin M in 3 (1.6%). HEV RNA showed inconclusive results in nine (4.9%) patients and was undetectable in the remaining patients. HEV serology positive patients had more severe liver disease, characterized by liver fibrosis ≥3 versus ≤2 (p<0.001), Aspartate Aminotransferase-to-Platelet Ratio Index of ≥1.45 (p=0.003), and Fibrosis-4 score of ≥3.25 (p=0.001). Additionally, the odds of HEV-positive patients developing diabetes mellitus were 3.65 (95% CI 1.40-9.52) times the corresponding odds of HEV-negative patients. A case-control-based histological analysis (n=11 HEV-HCV-positive patients and n=22 HCV-positive patients) showed no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This prevalence is higher than that reported in previous studies of the general population in Brazil. Thus, HEV infection may influence the severity of liver disease and may represent an additional risk of developing diabetes mellitus in patients with HCV infection.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3270

Brazilian Society of Hepatology and Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatitis B
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Ferraz, Maria Lucia

; Strauss, Edna

; Perez, Renata Mello

; Schiavon, Leonardo

; Ono, Suzane Kioko

; Pessoa, Mario Guimarães

; Ferreira, Adalgisa Paiva

; Nabuco, Leticia

; Carvalho-Filho, Roberto

; Tovo, Cristiane

; Souto, Francisco

; Abrão, Paulo

; Reuter, Tania

; Dantas, Thor

; Vigani, Aline

; Porta, Gilda

; Ferreira, Marcelo Simão

; Paraná, Raymundo

; Cimerman, Sergio

; Bittencourt, Paulo Lisboa

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Oct 2020, Volumen 24 Nº 5 Paginas 434 - 451

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Chronic hepatitis B is an important health problem that can progress to cirrhosis and complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma. There is approximately 290 million of people with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide, however only 10% of patients are currently identified.Most part of Brazil is considered of low prevalence of HBV infection but there are some regions with higher frequency of carriers. Unfortunately, many infected patients are not yet identified nor evaluated for treatment.The Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (SBI) and the Brazilian Society of Hepatology worked together to elaborate a guideline for diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B. The document includes information regarding the population to be tested, diagnostic tools, indications of treatment, therapeutic schemes and also how to handle HBV infection in specific situations (pregnancy, children, immunosuppression, etc).Delta infection is also part of the guideline, since it is an important infection in some parts of the country.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2020.07.012 744 descargas

Hepatitis C disease burden and strategies for elimination by 2030 in Brazil. A mathematical modeling approach
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Benzaken, Adele Schwartz

; Girade, Renato

; Catapan, Elisa

; Pereira, Gerson Fernando Mendes

; Almeida, Elton Carlos de

; Vivaldini, Simone

; Fernandes, Neide

; Razavi, Homie

; Schmelzer, Jonathan

; Ferraz, Maria Lucia

; Ferreira, Paulo Roberto Abrão

; Pessoa, Mario Guimarães

; Martinelli, Ana

; Souto, Francisco José Dutra

; Walsh, Nick

; Mendes-Correa, Maria Cassia

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Jun 2019, Volumen 23 Nº 3 Paginas 182 - 190

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Introduction and aim: Hepatitis C is a key challenge to public health in Brazil. The objective of this paper was to describe the Brazilian strategy for hepatitis C to meet the 2030 elimination goal proposed by World Health Organization (WHO). Methods: A mathematical modeling approach was used to estimate the current HCV-infected Brazilian population, and to evaluate the relative costs of two different scenarios to address HCV disease burden in Brazil: (1) if no further changes are made to the HCV treatment program in Brazil; (2) where the WHO targets for 2030 elimination are met through diagnosis and treatment efforts peaking before 2024. Results: An anti-HCV prevalence of 0.53% was calculated for the total population. It was estimated that the number of HCV-RNA+ individuals in Brazil in 2017 was 632,000 (0.31% of the population). Scale-up of treatment and diagnosis over time will be necessary in order to achieve WHO targets beginning in 2018. Direct costs (diagnostic, treatment and healthcare costs) are projected to increase significantly during the scale-up of treatment and diagnosis in the initial years of the intervention scenario, but then fall below the base case on an annual basis by 2025-2036, once HCV is eliminated, due to health sectors savings from the prevention of HCV liver-related morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: Achieving the WHO targets is technically feasible in Brazil with a scale-up of treatment and diagnosis over time, beginning in 2018. However, elimination of hepatitis C requires policy changes to substantially scale-up prevention, screening and treatment of HCV, together with public health advocacy to raise awareness among affected populations and healthcare providers.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2019.04.010 994 descargas

Accuracy of transient elastography-FibroScan®, acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging, the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test, APRI, and the FIB-4 index compared with liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C
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Ragazzo, Taisa Grotta

; Paranagua-Vezozzo, Denise

; Lima, Fabiana Roberto

; de Campos Mazo, Daniel Ferraz

; Pessoa, Mário Guimarães

; Oliveira, Claudia Pinto

; Alves, Venancio Avancini Ferreira

; Carrilho, Flair José

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Sep 2017, Volumen 72 Nº 9 Paginas 516 - 525

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVES: Although liver biopsy is the gold standard for determining the degree of liver fibrosis, issues regarding its invasiveness and the small amount of liver tissue evaluated can limit its applicability and interpretation in clinical practice. Non-invasive evaluation methods for liver fibrosis can address some of these limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of transient elastography-FibroScan®, acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI), enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF), the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and the FIB-4 index compared with liver biopsy in hepatitis C. METHODS: We evaluated chronic hepatitis C patients who were followed at the Division of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Department of Gastroenterology of University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil, and who underwent liver biopsy. The accuracy of each method was determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and fibrosis was classified as significant fibrosis (≥F2), advanced fibrosis (≥F3), or cirrhosis (F4). The Obuchowski method was also used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of each method at the various stages of fibrosis. In total, 107 FibroScan®, 51 ARFI, 68 ELF, 106 APRI, and 106 FIB-4 analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 107 patients were included in the study. The areas under the ROC curve (AUROCs) according to fibrosis degree were as follows: significant fibrosis (≥F2): FibroScan®: 0.83, FIB-4: 0.76, ELF: 0.70, APRI: 0.69, and ARFI: 0.67; advanced fibrosis (≥F3): FibroScan®: 0.85, ELF: 0.82, FIB-4: 0.77, ARFI: 0.74, and APRI: 0.71; and cirrhosis (F4): APRI: 1, FIB-4: 1, FibroScan®: 0.99, ARFI: 0.96, and ELF: 0.94. The accuracies of transient elastography, ARFI, ELF, APRI and FIB-4 determined by the Obuchowski method were F0-F1: 0.81, 0.78, 0.44, 0.72 and 0.67, respectively; F1-F2: 0.73, 0.53, 0.62, 0.60, and 0.68, respectively; F2-F3: 0.70, 0.64, 0.77, 0.60, and 0.67, respectively; and F3-F4: 0.98, 0.96, 0.82, 1, and 1, respectively. CONCLUSION: Transient elastography remained the most effective method for evaluating all degrees of fibrosis. The accuracy of all methodologies was best at F4.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2017(09)01 4313 descargas

Effectiveness and safety of first-generation protease inhibitors in real-world patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in Brazil: a multicenter study
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Callefi, Luciana Azevedo

; Villela-Nogueira, Cristiane Alves

; de Barros Tenore, Simone

; Carnaúba-Júnior, Dimas

; Coelho, Henrique Sérgio Moraes

; Pinto, Paulo de Tarso A.

; Nabuco, Letícia Cancella

; Pessoa, Mário Guimarães

; Ferraz, Maria Lucia Cardoso Gomes

; Ferreira, Paulo Roberto Abrão

; de Lourdes Candolo Martinelli, Ana

; Chachá, Silvana Gama Florencio

; de Souza Paiva Ferreira, Adalgisa

; de Macedo Bisio, Alessandra Porto

; Brandão-Mello, Carlos Eduardo

; Álvares-Da-Silva, Mário Reis

; Reuter, Tânia

; Ivantes, Claudia Alexandra Pontes

; de Mello Perez, Renata

; Mendes-Correa, Maria Cássia Jacintho

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Jun 2017, Volumen 72 Nº 6 Paginas 378 - 385

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of first-generation protease inhibitors for the treatment of genotype 1 hepatitis C virus-infected patients at Brazilian reference centers. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study included hepatitis C virus genotype 1 monoinfected patients treated with Peg-interferon, ribavirin, and either boceprevir (n=158) or telaprevir (n=557) between July 2013 and April 2014 at 15 reference centers in Brazil. Demographic, clinical, virological, and adverse events data were collected during treatment and follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 715 patients, 59% had cirrhosis and 67.1% were treatment-experienced. Based on intention-to-treat analysis, the overall sustained viral response was 56.6%, with similar effectiveness in both groups (51.9% for boceprevir and 58% for telaprevir, p=0.190). Serious adverse events occurred in 44.2% of patients, and six deaths (0.8%) were recorded. Cirrhotic patients had lower sustained viral response rates than non-cirrhotic patients (46.9% vs. 70.6%, p<0.001) and a higher incidence of serious adverse events (50.7% vs. 34.8%, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that sustained viral response was associated with the absence of cirrhosis, viral recurrence after previous treatment, pretreatment platelet count greater than 100,000/mm3, and achievement of a rapid viral response. Female gender, age>65 years, diagnosis of cirrhosis, and abnormal hemoglobin levels/platelet counts prior to treatment were associated with serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: Although serious adverse events rates were higher in this infected population, sustained viral response rates were similar to those reported for other patient cohorts.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2017(06)08 869 descargas

Disease burden of chronic hepatitis C in Brazil
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Ferreira, Paulo Roberto Abrão

; Brandão-Mello, Carlos Eduardo

; Estes, Chris

; Gonçales Júnior, Fernando Lopes

; Coelho, Henrique Sérgio Moraes

; Razavi, Homie

; Cheinquer, Hugo

; Wolff, Fernando Herz

; Ferraz, Maria Lúcia Gomes

; Pessoa, Mário Guimarães

; Mendes-Correa, Maria Cássia

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Ago 2015, Volumen 19 Nº 4 Paginas 363 - 368

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Background: Hepatitis C virus infection is a major cause of cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma; and liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to estimate hepatitis C virus disease progression and the burden of disease from a nationwide perspective.Methods: Using a model developed to forecast hepatitis C virus disease progression and the number of cases at each stage of liver disease; hepatitis C virus-infected population and associated disease progression in Brazil were quantiﬁed. The impact of two different strategies was compared: higher sustained virological response and treatment eligibility rates (1) or higher diagnosis and treatment rates associated with increased sustained virological response rates (2).Results: The number of infected individuals is estimated to decline by 35% by 2030 (1,255,000 individuals); while the number of cases of compensated (n= 325,900) and decompen- sated (n= 45,000) cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma (n= 19,100); and liver-related deaths (n= 16,700) is supposed to peak between 2028 and 2032. In strategy 2; treated cases increased over tenfold in 2020 (118,800 treated) as compared to 2013 (11,740 treated); with sustained virological response increased to 90% and treatment eligibility to 95%. Under this strategy; the number of infected individuals decreased by 90% between 2013 and 2030. Compared to the base case; liver-related deaths decreased by 70% by 2030; while hepatitis C virus-related liver cancer and decompensated cirrhosis decreased by 75 and 80%; respectively.Conclusions: While the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C virus in Brazil are decreasing; cases of advanced liver disease continue to rise. Besides higher sustained virological response rates; new strategies focused on increasing the proportion of diagnosed patients and eligibility to treatment should be adopted in order to reduce the burden of hepatitis C virus infection in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2015.04.004 1759 descargas

10.

Resultado do inquérito nacional sobre condutas no acompanhamento e no tratamento da recurrência da hepatite C em portadores de vírus C submetidos a transplante de fígado
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Bittencourt, Paulo Lisboa

; Silva, Rita de Cássia Silva Martins Alves da

; Pessoa, Mário Guimarães

; Marroni, Cláudio Augusto

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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Mar 2007, Volumen 44 Nº 1 Paginas 78 - 84

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RACIONAL: A recurrência da hepatite C no período pós-operatório do transplante hepático é um dos principais desafios atualmente enfrentados pela comunidade transplantadora. O tratamento com interferon peguilado e ribavirina tem sido associado à resposta virológica sustentada em 21% a 45% dos casos e constitui a única conduta eficaz, até o momento, para mudar o curso da progressão acelerada da doença no período pós-operatório do transplante hepático, que pode levar à perda do enxerto e à necessidade de retransplante. No entanto, a portaria n° 863 do Ministério da Saúde não disponibiliza esse tratamento para pacientes com recidiva da hepatite C após o transplante hepático. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as condutas de acompanhamento e tratamento de pacientes com vírus C submetidos a transplante hepático em diferentes centros nacionais. MÉTODOS: Foram enviados questionários à maioria dos centros de transplante hepático nacionais de adultos sobre condutas acerca de acompanhamento e/ou tratamento de pacientes com hepatite C. RESULTADOS: Dezenove centros nacionais que congregam mais de 2 800 pacientes (51% com hepatite C) submetidos a transplante hepático responderam o questionário. A maioria (53%) usa tacrolimus e prednisona como esquema de indução e 32% usam esquemas diferenciados para hepatite C. Treze centros fazem biopsia protocolar para seguimento, sendo empregados diferentes critérios histológicos para diagnóstico de recurrência. Todos os centros indicam tratamento com interferon peguilado e ribavirina apenas na recurrência histológica da hepatite C e 46% empregam estádios de fibrose inferiores a F2 de acordo com a classificação METAVIR, mais leves do que aqueles preconizados para tratamento de pacientes não transplantados. A duração do tratamento é de 1 ano em 32% dos centros, baseada no genótipo em 21% e a la carte em 47%. A maioria dos centros (84%) não interrompe o tratamento na 12ª semana, na ausência de resposta virológica. CONCLUSÕES: A despeito da portaria nº. 863 do Ministério da Saúde, todos os centros estão viabilizando tratamento mediante acordo com secretarias regionais de saúde ou por intermédio de liminares concedidas aos pacientes pela justiça comum.

BACKGROUND: Recurrence of hepatitis C after orthotopic liver transplantation is one of the major clinical challenges faced by the liver transplantation community. Treatment of hepatitis C recurrence with peguilated interferon and ribavirin has been associated with sustained virological response in 21% to 45% of treated patients. Furthermore, it has been shown to halt disease progression after orthotopic liver transplantation and to prevent graft failure and the need for retransplantation at least in those subjects with sustained virological response. However, treatment of hepatitis C recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation in Brazil was not recommended according to ministerial Law number 863. AIMS: To assess the management and treatment options of hepatitis C recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation in different liver transplantation centers in Brazil. METHODS: Inquiries were sent to active liver transplantation centers throughout the country. RESULTS: Nineteen centers accepted to participate and answered the questionnaire. Altogether they transplanted around 2,800 subjects, half of them with hepatitis C. Immunosuppressive regimen is comprised by tacrolimus and short-term prednisone in 53% of the centers. One third of them claim to use different schedules for hepatitis C patients. Protocol biopsies for diagnosis of recurrence are employed by 13 centers. Different histological criteria are used for the either diagnosis or decision for treatment in most of the centers. Approximately half of them (42%) indicate treatment in subjects with less severe stages of fibrosis (less than F2 according to METAVIR classification). All centers are referring patients for treatment with peguilated interferon and ribavirin, for 1 year, for 6 months or 1 year based on the genotype, or a la carte based on response, respectively, in 32%, 21% and 47% of the centers. Most of them (84%) do not stop treatment in early non-responders at the 12th week. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the absence of national guidelines and federal support, most of the liver transplantation centers in Brazil are treating patients with hepatitis C recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation.

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