Abstract The purpose of this study was to show in a critical and proactive way the psychometric properties of the “Psychosocial Risk Factors Identification and Organizational Environment Scale” proposed by STPS (2017), for more than 50 employees of NOM 035 (GRIII), with a sample of workers stratified by gender from Mexico City and the interior of the republic of a service company (n=114). The study consisted in first obtaining indicators of central tendency and dispersion of the questionnaire per item, as well as its reliability of Cronbach (between 67% and 93%); Confirmatory factorial analyzes (CFA) with structural equations (IBM-AMOS) were carried out for purposes of validity; And finally, Pearson correlations and One Way variance analysis were performed to know some relationships. The results showed that the STPS instrument has very good reliability, however, the CFA did not show properties of validity for adjustments and qualification, reason why it is recommended to Secretary of Labor (STPS) consider for other studies to do discrimination of items, to add some items, to increase the sample 10 subjects per item, analyze also by main components and with second order factorials, among others. Relationships between gender, job hierarchy and marital status were observed with some specific domains. The contribution of this study is important for the dissemination of NOM 035 by the Secretary of Labor, the reliable use of the questionnaire by companies, unions and for academic research, as well as for diagnostic, evaluation and intervention purposes, based on knowledge of psychosocial risk factors studied.

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue mostrar en forma crítica y propositiva las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de “Identificación de los factores de riesgo psicosocial y evaluación del entorno organizacional” propuesta por la STPS (2018) para más de 50 trabajadores de la NOM 035 con una muestra de trabajadores estratificada por género de la Ciudad de México y del interior de la república de una empresa de servicios (n=114). El estudio consistió primero, en obtener indicadores de tendencia central y de dispersión del cuestionario por reactivo, así como su fiabilidad de Cronbach (entre .67 y .93); posteriormente se llevaron a cabo análisis factoriales confirmatorios (AFC) con ecuaciones estructurales (IBM-AMOS) para validez; y finalmente, se realizaron correlaciones Pearson y análisis de varianza One Way para conocer algunas relaciones de manera descriptiva. Los resultados mostraron que el instrumento de la STPS cuenta con muy buena confiabilidad, sin embargo, los AFC no mostraron propiedades de validez para ajustes y calificación, por lo que se recomienda a la STPS considerar para futuros estudios las siguientes recomendaciones: hacer discriminación de reactivos, agregar algunos ítems, incrementar la muestra a 10 sujetos por ítem, analizar también por componentes principales y con factoriales de segundo orden, entre otros. Se observaron relaciones entre género, jerarquía de puesto y estado civil con algunos dominios específicos. La contribución de este estudio es importante para la difusión de la NOM 035 por parte de la STPS, el uso confiable del cuestionario por parte de empresas, sindicatos y para investigación académica, así como para fines de diagnóstico, evaluación e intervención a partir del conocimiento de los factores de riesgo psicosocial estudiados.

Resumen La fasciolosis es una trematodosis que afecta fuertemente al ganado de Cuba. Se estudiaron 10 vaquerías del municipio más occidental de Cuba para determinar la prevalencia de esta parasitosis en el ganado y en los hospederos intermediarios. Se recolectaron y estudiaron muestras fecales de 455 vacas lecheras seleccionadas al azar. Las muestras fueron conservadas a -20 oC hasta su estudio. La detección de la infección por Fasciola hepatica fue realizada a partir de un método de Elisa denominado FasciDIG®. El análisis e interpretación de los resultados demostró que 146 muestras fueran positivas a F. hepatica (32,09 %). Todas las vaquerías presentaron animales infectados con rangos de prevalencia entre las vaquerías que oscilaron de 9,5 % al 84 %. También fue posible encontrar las dos especies de hospederos intermediarios de este parásito en Cuba, Galba cubensis y Pseudosuccinea columella. Debe prestarse atención a la prevalencia en bovinos encontrada en este estudio para prevenir la aparición de brotes humanos de esta enfermedad.

Abstract Fasciolosis is a foodborne trematodosis affecting many cattle farms in Cuba. Ten dairy farms in western Cuba were studied to assess the prevalence in both intermediate and definitive hosts. A single stool sample from 455 dairy cows was taken and studied. The animals were randomly selected and the samples were kept at -20oC until infection was determined. Detection of the Fasciola hepatica infection was carried out using a non-commercial sandwich-ELISA called FasciDIG®. Results showed that 146 samples were positive for F. hepatica (32.09%) with every farm testing positive for F. hepatica infection, while prevalence ranged from 9.5% to 84% among farms. It was also possible to detect the presence of the two species of intermediate hosts of this trematode in Cuba, Galba cubensis and Pseudosuccinea columella. Main attention must be given to bovine prevalence found in this study in order to prevent eventual human outbreaks of this disease.

Resumo A fasciolose é uma trematoda que afeta fortemente ao gado de Cuba. Foram estudadas 10 leiterias do município mais ocidental de Cuba para determinar a prevalência desta parasitose no gado e nos hospedeiros intermediários. Se coletaram e estudiaram amostras fecais de 455 vacas leiteiras selecionadas aleatoriamente. As amostras foram conservadas a −20 oC até seu estudo. A detecção da infecção por Fascíola hepática foi realizada a partir de um método de Elisa denominado FasciDIG®. A análise e interpretação dos resultados demonstrou que 146 amostras foram positivas à F. hepática (32,09 %). Todas as leiterias apresentaram animais infectados com rangos de prevalência entre as leiterias que oscilaram de 9,5 % a 84 %. Também foi possível encontrar a duas espécies de hospedeiros intermediários deste parasita em Cuba, Galba cubensis e Pseudosuccinea columella. Deve prestar-se atenção à prevalência em bovinos encontrada neste estudo para prevenir a aparição de surtos humanos desta enfermidade.

Dr. Antonio Fernández Mirabal joined the School of Dentistry of Havana as Oral Surgery Instructor in February 1962. One month later he was sent to the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology for a course on Oral Oncology. Upon completion of the course, he started an ascending career at both the School and the Institute characterized by outstanding professional, academic and scientific achievements. The objective of this work is to provide information about the professional, academic and research career of Dr. Antonio Fernández Mirabal. in May 2013 an interview was conducted with Dr. Fernández Mirabal. His teaching file was then consulted at the Human Resources Department of the School of Dentistry of Havana. Other bibliographic sources were also consulted. Iinformation was found about his school training, family environment, undergraduate and graduate university training, research topics, his contribution to undergraduate and graduate teaching, as well as the titles obtained, and medals and awards received during more than 50 years of professional life. The life and work of this outstanding professor is an example to be followed by young medical graduates in general, and particularly by maxillofacial surgeons, oncologists, and head and neck surgeons.

En febrero de 1962, el Dr. Antonio Fernández Mirabal se incorporó como Instructor de Cirugía Bucal a la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana. Un mes después fue enviado al Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología para pasar un curso de Oncología Bucal, al término del cual compartió su vida laboral entre la mencionada facultad y el instituto, mientras comenzaba una ascendente carrera de superación profesional, académica y científica. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer la trayectoria profesional, académica e investigativa del Dr. Antonio Fernández Mirabal. En el mes de mayo de 2013 se realizó una entrevista personal. Posteriormente se consultó su expediente docente en el Departamento de Cuadros de la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana y se consultaron otras fuentes bibliográficas publicadas. Se destacaron los aspectos de su formación escolar, su entorno familiar y sus estudios universitarios de pregrado y posgrado, donde se mostraban los diferentes títulos alcanzados, sus temas de investigación, su contribución a la docencia de pregrado y posgrado, así como las medallas, reconocimientos y distinciones obtenidas durante más de 50 años de vida laboral. La vida de este destacado profesor es un ejemplo a imitar por los jóvenes graduados profesionales de la salud en general y por los cirujanos maxilofaciales, oncólogos y cirujanos de cabeza y cuello.

Introduction: studies on digenean trematode species living in Cuba are scarce and mainly focused on species causing major parasitic diseases in humans. Moreover, the intermediary host for many of the trematodes has not been found. Eight species of Paramphistomatidae have been reported in Cuba, but the mollusk species involved in transmission of this parasite family are still unknown. Objective: report natural infection of the mollusk Galba cubensis with trematode larvae. Methods: fluvial mollusks were collected manually under natural conditions in the area of La Coca. Individuals were kept in malacology laboratories until cercariae were issued. Identification of larval forms was based on morphological keys for trematodes. Results: in this report the snail Galba cubensis is reported for the first time in Cuba as naturally infected with paramphistomids. Conclusions: the ecological characteristics of Galba cubensis, as well as its habitat preferences in Cuba could contribute to the transmission of paramphistomids on the island.

Introducción: los estudios acerca de las especies de trematodos digeneos que existen en Cuba son escasos y vinculados fundamentalmente a aquellas especies que provocan enfermedades parasitarias importantes en el humano. A esto se añade el hecho de que el hospedero intermediario es desconocido para muchos de los trematodos existentes. En particular, 8 especies de Paramphistomatidae se han reportado en Cuba; aunque no se conocen, hasta el momento, las especies de moluscos involucradas en la transmisión de esta familia de parásitos. Objetivo: reportar la infección natural en el molusco Galba cubensis con larvas de trematodos. Métodos: se colectaron moluscos fluviales de forma manual en condiciones naturales en la localidad La Coca. Los individuos se colocaron en los laboratorios de malacología hasta la emisión de cercarias. La identificación de las formas larvarias se realizó por medio de claves morfológicas para trematodos. Resultados: en este reporte se informa, por primera vez en Cuba, al caracol Galba cubensis infectado de forma natural con paramfistómidos. Conclusiones: las características ecológicas de Galba cubensis, así como su preferencia de hábitat, en Cuba podrían contribuir a la transmisión de paramfistómidos.

As técnicas de extração-destilação simultâneas (SDE) e de headspace-microextração em fase sólida (HS-SPME) combinadas com GC-FID e GC-MS foram usadas para analisar compostos voláteis da ameixa (Prunus domestica L. cv. Horvin) e para estimar os compostos de aroma mais ativos, pela aplicação de valores de atividade olfativa (OAV), considerando os compostos voláteis presentes no headspace da fruta. As análises levaram à identificação de 148 componentes, incluindo 58 ésteres, 23 terpenoides, 14 aldeídos, 11 álcoois, 10 cetonas, 9 alcanos, 7 ácidos, 4 lactonas, 3 fenóis e 9 outros compostos de diferentes estruturas. De acordo om os resultados de SDE-GC-MS, SPME-GC-MS e OAV, 2-metilbutanoato de etila, acetato de hexila, (E)-2-nonenal, butanoato de etila, (E)-2-decenal, hexanoato de etila, nonanal, decanal, (E)-b-ionona, Γ-dodecalactona, acetato de (Z)-3-hexenila, acetato de pentila, linalool, Γ-decalactona, acetato de butila, limoneno, acetato de propila, Δ-decalactona, sulfeto de dietila, acetato de (E)-2-hexenila, heptanoato de etila, (Z)-3-hexenol, hexanoato de (Z)-3-hexenila, eugenol, (E)-2-hexenal, pentanoato de etila, hexil 2-butanoato de metila, hexanoato de isopentila, 1-hexanol, Γ-nonalactona, mirceno, acetato de octila, fenilacetaldeído, 1-butanol, acetato de isobutila, (E)-2-heptenal, octadecanal, e nerol são compostos odoríficos característicos em ameixas frescas, já que foram encontrados em concentrações muito acima dos seus limiares de precepção olfativa.

Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction (SDE) and headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with GC-FID and GC-MS were used to analyze volatile compounds from plum (Prunus domestica L. cv. Horvin) and to estimate the most odor-active compounds by application of the Odor Activity Values (OAV). The analyses led to the identification of 148 components, including 58 esters, 23 terpenoids, 14 aldehydes, 11 alcohols, 10 ketones, 9 alkanes, 7 acids, 4 lactones, 3 phenols, and other 9 compounds of different structures. According to the results of SDE-GC-MS, SPME-GC-MS and OAV, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, hexyl acetate, (E)-2-nonenal, ethyl butanoate, (E)-2-decenal, ethyl hexanoate, nonanal, decanal, (E)-β-ionone, Γ-dodecalactone, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, pentyl acetate, linalool, Γ-decalactone, butyl acetate, limonene, propyl acetate, Δ-decalactone, diethyl sulfide, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, ethyl heptanoate, (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate, eugenol, (E)-2-hexenal, ethyl pentanoate, hexyl 2-methylbutanoate, isopentyl hexanoate, 1-hexanol, Γ-nonalactone, myrcene, octyl acetate, phenylacetaldehyde, 1-butanol, isobutyl acetate, (E)-2-heptenal, octadecanal, and nerol are characteristic odor active compounds in fresh plums since they showed concentrations far above their odor thresholds.

The endotracheal intubation is an ideal method to reach the aerial way during the cardiopulmonary reanimation. Nevertheless, sometimes it is impossible to make, even for the most experienced hands. For that reason, we prepared this presentation of a case, aimed to describe the behavior with a young child who could not be intubated through direct laryngoscopy, and needed to have an artificial aerial way. We reviewed the literature and took into consideration the opinions of some authors. We concluded that laryngeal mask is an alternative for ventilation and oxygenation during pediatric cardiopulmonary reanimation when it is impossible to intubate the trachea when there are not contraindications for that.

La intubación endotraqueal es el método ideal para abordar la vía aérea durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar. Sin embargo, en ocasiones, esta resulta imposible de efectuarla, aun por manos experimentadas. Por tal motivo, se realizó esta presentación de caso, que tuvo como objetivo describir la conducta ante un lactante que no pudo ser intubado mediante laringoscopia directa, y necesitaba una vía aérea artificial. Se revisó la literatura y se consideró las opiniones de varios autores. Se concluyó que la máscara laríngea es una alternativa para la ventilación y oxigenación durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar pediátrica cuando no se puede intubar la tráquea, a menos que existan contraindicaciones para ello.

The volatile components of noni at two ripening stages were isolated by headspace solid-phase microextraction using 65 µm Polydimethylsiloxane-Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fibers and analyzed using GC/MS. Both maturation stages had several compounds in common. Ninety-six compounds were identified, from which octanoic acid (<img border=0 width=32 height=32 src="../../../../../../img/revistas/cta/v30n1/a28cod.gif" align=top> 70% of total extract) and hexanoic acid (<img border=0 width=32 height=32 src="../../../../../../img/revistas/cta/v30n1/a28cod.gif" align=top> 8% of total extract) were found to be the major constituents. Due to noni maturation, octanoic acid, decanoic acid and 2E-nonenal decreased their concentrations, while some esters (methyl hexanoate, methyl octanoate, ethyl octanoate and methyl 4E-decenoate), which their fruity odor notes, increased their contents. Two unsaturated esters, reported for the first time in this fruit, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl hexanoate and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl octanoate, significantly decreased their concentration in the ripe to over-ripe fruits.

Los compuestos volátiles del noni en los dos estados de madurez se aislaron mediante microextracción en fase sólida por headspace con fibras de 65 mm Polidimetilsiloxano-Divinilbenceno (PDMS/DVB) y se analizaron por cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas. Ambos estados de madurez poseen numerosos constituyentes en común. Se identificaron 96 compuestos, de los cuales el ácido octanoico (<img border=0 width=32 height=32 src="../../../../../../img/revistas/cta/v30n1/a28cod.gif" align=top> 70% del extracto total) y ácido hexanoico (<img border=0 width=32 height=32 src="../../../../../../img/revistas/cta/v30n1/a28cod.gif" align=top> 8% del extracto total) fueron los componentes mayoritarios. Debido a la maduración del noni, el ácido octanoico, ácido decanoico y 2E-nonenal disminuyeron su contenido, mientras que algunos ésteres (hexanoato de metilo, octanoato de metilo, octanoato de etilo y 4E-decenoato de metilo), con sus olororosas notas frutales, incrementaron la concentración. Dos ésteres insaturados, reportados por primera vez en esta fruta, hexanoato de 3-metil-3-buten-1-ilo y octanoato de 3-metil-3-buten-1-ilo, disminuyeron significativamente su concentración al pasar la fruta del estado maduro al sobremaduro.

Proteins rich in sulfhydryl groups, such as metallothionein, are present in several strains of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease. Metallothionein-like protein concentrations ranged from 5.1 to 13.2 pmol/mg protein depending on the parasite strain and growth phase. Nifurtimox and benznidazole, used in the treatment of Chagas' disease, decreased metallothionein activity by approximately 70%. T. cruzi metallothionein was induced by ZnCl2. Metallothionein from T. cruzi was partially purified and its monobromobimane derivative showed a molecular weight of approximately 10,000 Da by SDS-PAGE analysis. The concentration of trypanothione, the major glutathione conjugate in T. cruzi, ranged from 3.8 to 10.8 nmol/mg protein, depending on the culture phase. The addition of buthionine sulfoximine to the protozoal culture considerably reduced the concentration of trypanothione and had no effect upon the metallothionein concentration. The possible contribution of metallothionein-like proteins to drug resistance in T. cruzi is discussed.