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Resumo As úlceras de membros inferiores, secundárias à doença venosa crônica (DVC), constituem um problema significativo de saúde pública no Brasil e representam cerca de 70% do total dessas úlceras. Apesar dos recentes avanços tecnológicos e das diversas opções terapêuticas utilizadas para essas lesões crônicas, existem diversos fatores que podem estar implicados na resistência ao tratamento. A calcificação distrófica cutânea (CDC) é uma condição rara e frequentemente subdiagnosticada, que, quando associada à DVC, pode estar associada à refratariedade no processo cicatricial. Neste artigo, relatamos um caso de CDC em paciente portador de DVC e discutimos a sua etiologia, fisiopatologia e possíveis opções de tratamento.

Abstract Lower limb ulcers secondary to chronic venous disease (CVD) are a significant public health problem in Brazil and account for about 70% of these ulcers. Despite recent technological advances and the various therapeutic options for treatment of these chronic injuries, several factors may be involved in resistance to treatment. Dystrophic calcinosis cutis (DCC) is a rare and often underdiagnosed condition that, when in conjunction with CVD, may be associated with a refractory healing process. In this article, we report a case of DCC in a patient with CVD and discuss its etiology, pathophysiology and possible treatment options.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.202101661

Posicionamento Brasileiro sobre o Uso da Multimodalidade de Imagens na Cardio-Oncologia – 2021
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Melo, Marcelo Dantas Tavares de

; Paiva, Marcelo Goulart

; Santos, Maria Verônica Câmara

; Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo

; Moreira, Valéria de Melo

; Saleh, Mohamed Hassan

; Brandão, Simone Cristina Soares

; Gallafrio, Claudia Cosentino

; Goldwasser, Daniel

; Gripp, Eliza de Almeida

; Piveta, Rafael Bonafim

; Silva, Tonnison Oliveira

; Santo, Thais Harada Campos Espirito

; Ferreira, Waldinai Pereira

; Salemi, Vera Maria Cury

; Cauduro, Sanderson A.

; Barberato, Silvio Henrique

; Lopes, Heloísa M. Christovam

; Pena, José Luiz Barros

; Rached, Heron Rhydan Saad

; Miglioranza, Marcelo Haertel

; Pinheiro, Aurélio Carvalho

; Vrandecic, Bárbara Athayde Linhares Martins

; Cruz, Cecilia Beatriz Bittencourt Viana

; Nomura, César Higa

; Cerbino, Fernanda Mello Erthal

; Costa, Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva

; Coelho Filho, Otavio Rizzi

; Carneiro, Adriano Camargo de Castro

; Burgos, Ursula Maria Moreira Costa

; Fernandes, Juliano Lara

; Uellendahl, Marly

; Calado, Eveline Barros

; Senra, Tiago

; Assunção, Bruna Leal

; Freire, Claudia Maria Vilas

; Martins, Cristiane Nunes

; Sawamura, Karen Saori Shiraishi

; Brito, Márcio Miranda

; Jardim, Maria Fernanda Silva

; Bernardes, Renata Junqueira Moll

; Diógenes, Tereza Cristina

; Vieira, Lucas de Oliveira

; Mesquita, Claudio Tinoco

; Lopes, Rafael Willain

; Segundo Neto, Elry Medeiros Vieira

; Rigo, Letícia

; Marin, Valeska Leite Siqueira

; Santos, Marcelo José

; Grossman, Gabriel Blacher

; Quagliato, Priscila Cestari

; Alcantara, Monica Luiza de

; Teodoro, José Aldo Ribeiro

; Albricker, Ana Cristina Lopes

; Barros, Fanilda Souto

; Amaral, Salomon Israel do

; Porto, Carmen Lúcia Lascasas

; Barros, Marcio Vinícius Lins

; Santos, Simone Nascimento dos

; Cantisano, Armando Luís

; Petisco, Ana Cláudia Gomes Pereira

; Barbosa, José Eduardo Martins

; Veloso, Orlando Carlos Glória

; Spina, Salvador

; Pignatelli, Ricardo

; Hajjar, Ludhmilla Abrahão

; Kalil Filho, Roberto

; Lopes, Marcelo Antônio Cartaxo Queiroga

; Vieira, Marcelo Luiz Campos

; Almeida, André Luiz Cerqueira

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Oct 2021, Volumen 117 Nº 4 Paginas 845 - 909

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200266 103 descargas

Incidence of thyroid diseases: Results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
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Benseñor, Isabela M.

; Sgarbi, José Augusto

; Janovsky, Carolina Castro Porto Silva

; Pittito, Bianca Almeida

; Diniz, Maria de Fátima Haueisen Sander

; Almeida, Maria da Conceição Chagas de

; Alvim, Sheila Maria

; Barreto, Sandhi M.

; Giatti, Luana

; Duncan, Bruce B.

; Schmidt, Maria Inês

; Fonseca, Maria de Jesus M.

; Griep, Rosane H.

; Molina, Maria del Carmen B.

; Mill, José Geraldo

; Santos, Itamar de Souza

; Goulart, Alessandra C.

; Lotufo, Paulo A.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Ago 2021, Volumen 65 Nº 4 Paginas 468 - 478

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate incidence of subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Subjects and methods: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) is a prospective cohort study of 15,105 civil servants, examined at baseline and over a 4-year follow-up. This analysis included 9,705 participants with normal thyroid function at baseline, follow-up information about thyroid function and with no report of using drugs that may interfere in the thyroid function. Thyroid function was defined by TSH/FT4 levels or routine use of thyroid hormones/anti-thyroid medications. Annual and cumulative (over 4-year) incidence rates were presented as percentages (95% Confidence Intervals). Results: The incidence of all overt and subclinical thyroid disease was 6.7% (1.73%/year): 0.19% for overt hyperthyroidism (0.048%/year), 0.54% for subclinical hyperthyroidism (0.14%/year), 1.98% for overt hypothyroidism (0.51%/year), and 3.99% for subclinical hypothyroidism (1.03%/year). The incidence of all thyroid diseases was higher in women, when compared to men, with a low women:men ratio (1.36). For Blacks the highest incidence was for overt hyperthyroidism, while for Whites, the highest incidence was for overt hypothyroidism. However, the highest incidence of overt hyperthyroidism was detected in Asian descendants. The presence of antithyroperoxidase antibodies at baseline was associated with higher incidence of overt thyroid diseases. Conclusion: These results showed a high incidence of hypothyroidism, which is compatible with a country with a more-than-adequate iodine intake. The low women:men ratio of the incidence of thyroid dysfunction highlights the importance of the diagnosis of thyroid diseases among men in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000348 273 descargas

Impact of the mHealth strategy in sodium consumption markers: AvaliaSal Study
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PORTO, Aline Silva

; MARTINS, Haysla Xavier

; FARIA, Carolina Perim de

; MOLINA, Maria del Carmen Bisi

Revista de Nutrição

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2020, Volumen 33 elocation e200026

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade da estratégia mHealth sobre marcadores do consumo de sódio. Métodos Estudo de intervenção realizado com 175 adultos (20-59 anos), vinculados a uma instituição de ensino de Vitória, no Estado do Espirito Santo. Os participantes foram contatados por através da exposição a de um pôster, de abordagem oral e mídia eletrônica. Dados antropométricos, hemodinâmicos, socioeconômicos, de saúde e práticas alimentares foram coletados em dois momentos. Os participantes foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo de Intervenção e Grupo de Controle. Durante a intervenção, que durou três meses, os participantes receberam 21 mensagens eletrônicas e assistiram a três vídeos sobre alimentação saudável, com foco na redução do consumo de sódio. Mudanças foram avaliadas por Equação de Estimativa Generalizada e adoção de valor de p<0,05. Resultados Na linha de base, não foram observadas diferenças significativas em relação às variáveis antropométricas, socioeconômicas, de saúde e práticas alimentares entre os grupos. Caldo pronto foi o condimento industrializado mais utilizado pelos participantes durante o estudo. Foi observada uma redução do uso de caldo pronto apenas no Grupo de Intervenção (β=0,615; p=0,016). Além disso, 73% do Gruo de Intervenção relataram que as mensagens foram claras; 67% afirmaram que as mensagens foram úteis e 48% disseram que seguiram as orientações. Conclusão Foi observada uma redução da frequência do uso de caldo pronto, demonstrando potencial da estratégia m-Health sobre marcadores do consumo de sódio em participantes sem diagnóstico de hipertensão.

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the effectiveness of mHealth strategy on sodium consumption markers. Methods Intervention study carried out with 175 adults (20-59 years), from an educational institution of Vitória, Espírito Santo State. Participants were made aware through posters, oral approach and electronic media. Anthropometric, hemodynamic, socioeconomic, health, and dietary practices data was collected in two stages. After the first assessment, participants were randomized into two groups: Intervention Group and Control Group. The Intervention Group included 21 electronic messages and 3 videos on healthy eating focusing on the goal to reduce sodium intake for 3 months. Behavioral changes were assessed using the Generalized Estimation Equation (p-value <0.05). Results At baseline, no significant differences in socioeconomic, anthropometric and health variables, and eating practices between groups were observed. The stock broth cube was the most used ready processed seasoning. After the intervention, a reduction in the use of stock broth was observed only in the intervention group (β=0.615; p=0.016). In addition, 73% of the intervention group participants reported that the messages were clear, 67% reported that they were useful, and 48% stated they followed the guidelines. Conclusion There was a reduction in the frequency of use of stock broth cubes, demonstrating the potential effect of the m-Health strategy on sodium consumption markers in individuals without a hypertension medical diagnosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202032e200026 823 descargas

Alopecia em pacientes anticoagulados
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Marques, Marcos Arêas

; Porto, Carmen Lucia Lascasas

; Milhomens, Ana Letícia de Matos

; Vieira, Juliana de Miranda

; Gomes, Claudia Carvalho Alcântara

; Rocha, Ana Thereza Cavalcanti

; Miller, Cíntia da Silva

Jornal Vascular Brasileiro

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2020, Volumen 19 elocation e20190018

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A alopecia é uma complicação comum da terapia anticoagulante que pode ter repercussões psicológicas importantes nos pacientes, especialmente nos do sexo feminino, e interferir na decisão de extensão da anticoagulação. Esta revisão tem como objetivo descrever os mecanismos potencialmente envolvidos na gênese da alopecia durante a terapia anticoagulante, pois eles ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos, e as terapias existentes, para a adoção das condutas mais adequadas.

Abstract Alopecia is a common complication of anticoagulant therapy that may have important psychological repercussions for patients, especially female patients, and can interfere with the decision to extend anticoagulation. This review aims to describe the mechanisms potentially involved in the genesis of alopecia during anticoagulant therapy, since these are not yet fully understood, and discusses the existing therapies for the most appropriate management.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.190018 5053 descargas

Vascular Ultrasound Statement from the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019
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Santos, Simone Nascimento dos

; Alcantara, Monica Luiza de

; Freire, Cláudia Maria Vilas

; Cantisano, Armando Luis

; Teodoro, José Aldo Ribeiro

; Porto, Carmen Lucia Lascasas

; Amaral, Salomon Israel do

; Veloso, Orlando

; Albricker, Ana Cristina Lopes

; Petisco, Ana Cláudia Gomes Pereira

; Barros, Fanilda Souto

; Barros, Márcio Vinícius Lins

; Saleh, Mohamed Hassan

; Vieira, Marcelo Luiz Campos

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Jun 2019, Volumen 112 Nº 6 Paginas 809 - 849

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20190106 19608 descargas

A randomized, open-label clinical trial comparing the long-term effects of miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate for mucosal leishmaniasis
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Sampaio, Raimunda Nonata Ribeiro

; Silva, Juliana Saboia Fontenele e

; Paula, Carmen Dea Ribeiro de

; Porto, Cláudia

; Motta, Jorgeth de Oliveira Carneiro da

; Pereira, Ledice Inacia de Araujo

; Martins, Sofia Sales

; Barroso, Daniel Holanda

; Freire, Gustavo Subtil Magalhães

; Gomes, Ciro Martins

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2019, Volumen 52 elocation e20180292

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) is difficult due to the toxicity and route of administration of standard drugs. Miltefosine is an oral agent used for leishmaniasis treatment; however, no data exist regarding its use for ML in Brazil. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of miltefosine for ML treatment compared to that of pentavalent antimonial in a pilot study. METHODS: We performed a randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups. The tested intervention consisted of miltefosine 1.3-2 mg/kg/day (two capsules) for 28 days or intravenous 20 mg SbV/kg/day of meglumine antimoniate (N-MA) for 30 days. The final endpoint was defined as complete healing of the lesion four years after treatment. We also analyzed an early endpoint at 90 days after treatment. RESULTS: Forty patients were included in this study: each experimental group comprised 20 patients. Applying a multivariate model in an intention-to-treat analysis, we observed that patients treated with miltefosine had a cure probability 2.08 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-4.18) than those treated with N-MA at 90 days after treatment. At the final endpoint, we observed no differences in cure probability between miltefosine and N-MA (relative risk = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.33-1.32). With respect to adverse reactions, significant differences between groups were related to gastrointestinal effects, which were more frequent in the miltefosine group. CONCLUSIONS: Miltefosine may be an interesting alternative for treating ML because of its oral administration and cure rate after long-term follow-up.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0292-2018 2082 descargas

10.

Avaliação de ensaios clínicos no Brasil: histórico e atualidades
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Gouy, Cíntia M. Lanzarini

; Porto, Tiago F.

; Penido, Carmen

Revista Bioética

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Dic 2018, Volumen 26 Nº 3 Paginas 350 - 359

Resumen: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo Ensaios clínicos devem ser aprovados e acompanhados por autoridades éticas e regulatórias para garantir que a conduta ética e os aspectos técnicos das pesquisas estejam em conformidade com os padrões exigidos. O conhecimento desse processo é primordial para que estudos sejam delineados e conduzidos de acordo com os padrões aplicáveis, sendo parte essencial para a capacitação técnica e científica nacional. No Brasil, a avaliação dos estudos é realizada pelos comitês de ética em pesquisa, pela Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa e pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Pesquisadores e patrocinadores alegam que o tempo para aprovação e início de ensaios clínicos limita novos estudos. No entanto, as normas brasileiras estão em contínuo aperfeiçoamento, o que demonstra interesse e capacidade em aprimorar os trâmites, sem perder a qualidade na avaliação ética.

Abstract Clinical trials must be approved and monitored by ethical and regulatory authorities to ensure that the ethical conduct and technical aspects of the research are in compliance with required standards. The in-depth understanding of this process is crucial for studies to be delineated and conducted in accordance with applicable standards, being an essential part of national technical and scientific training. The evaluation of the studies in Brazil is performed by the research ethics committees, by the National Research Ethics Commission and by the Brazilian regulatory agency, the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (National Health Surveillance Agency). Researchers and sponsors claim that the time taken for approval and initiation of clinical trials limits further studies. However, Brazilian standards are constantly improving, demonstrating the interest and ability to improve procedures, without losing quality in ethical evaluation.

Resumen Los ensayos clínicos deben ser aprobados y acompañados por autoridades reguladoras y éticas con el fin de garantizar que la conducta ética y los aspectos técnicos de las investigaciones cumplan con los estándares exigidos. El conocimiento de este proceso es fundamental para que los estudios sean delineados y conducidos de acuerdo con los estándares aplicables, siendo una parte esencial para la capacitación técnica y científica nacional. En Brasil, la evaluación de los estudios es realizada por los Comités de Ética en Investigación, la Comisión Nacional de Ética en Investigación y por la agencia reguladora nacional, la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria. Los investigadores y patrocinadores sostienen que el tiempo para la aprobación y el inicio de ensayos clínicos es un factor limitante para nuevos estudios. No obstante, las normas brasileñas están en continuo perfeccionamiento, lo que demuestra el interés y la capacidad para mejorar los trámites, sin perder calidad en la evaluación ética.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422018263254 6983 descargas

11.

Validation of single measurement of 12-hour urine excretion for estimation of sodium and potassium intake. A longitudinal study
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Molina, Maria del Carmen Bisi

; Pereira, Taísa Sabrina Silva

; Porto, Aline Silva

; Silva, Raiane Pereira

; Santana, Nathália Miguel Teixeira

; Cade, Nágela Valadão

; Mill, José Geraldo

Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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Mar 2018, Volumen 136 Nº 2 Paginas 150 - 156

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Evaluation of sodium and potassium intake can be carried out using different methods. Biological markers are able to capture intra and inter-individual variability and are used as separate measurements of consumption. The aim of this study was to test the validity of a single measurement of urinary sodium and potassium excretion as representative of habitual intake. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal study, federal university. METHODS: Food consumption data from a sample of adult university students and public servants (25 to 74 years old) were collected through 24-hour records and 12-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion at five different times over a one-year period. The dietary data were entered into a nutritional research data software system and the sodium and potassium intakes were estimated. The variables were tested for normal distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. One-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate means. Correlations between measurements using Pearson or Spearman coefficients were calculated. The degree of agreement between the five measurements was given by the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Satisfactory agreement was found between the five measurements of urinary sodium and potassium excretion over a year, with little variability in consumption. CONCLUSION: A single measurement of urinary sodium and potassium accurately estimated the usual average consumption of these electrolytes. This can be used in population-based studies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0210031117 1048 descargas

12.

Determinants of the use of health care services: multilevel analysis in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo
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Chiavegatto Filho, Alexandre Dias Porto

; Wang, Yuan-Pang

; Malik, Ana Maria

; Takaoka, Julia

; Viana, Maria Carmen

; Andrade, Laura Helena

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2015, Volumen 49 elocation 15

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO Analisar os determinantes individuais e contextuais do uso de serviços de saúde na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo.MÉTODOS Foram utilizados os dados do estudo São Paulo Megacity, a versão brasileira da pesquisa multicêntrica World Mental Health Survey. Foram analisados 3.588 indivíduos adultos residentes em 69 áreas da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, SP (38 municípios adjacentes e 31 subprefeituras do município de São Paulo), selecionados por meio de amostragem multiestratificada da população não institucionalizada. Foram ajustados modelos multinível logísticos Bayesianos para identificar os determinantes individuais e contextuais do uso de serviços de saúde nos últimos 12 meses e a presença de médico de referência para cuidados de rotina.RESULTADOS As características contextuais do local de residência (desigualdade de renda, violência e renda mediana) não apresentaram associação significativa (p > 0,05) com o uso de serviços ou com a presença de médico de referência para cuidados de rotina. A única exceção foi a associação negativa entre residir em uma área com alta desigualdade de renda e a presença de médico de referência (OR 0,77; IC95% 0,60;0,99) após controle das características individuais. O estudo apontou uma forte e consistente associação entre algumas características individuais (principalmente escolaridade e presença de plano de saúde) com o uso de serviços de saúde e ter médico de referência. A presença de doenças crônicas e mentais associou-se fortemente com o uso de serviços no último ano (independentemente de características individuais), mas não com a presença de médico de referência.CONCLUSÕES Características individuais como maior escolaridade e ter plano de saúde foram determinantes importantes do uso de serviços de saúde na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. A melhor compreensão desses determinantes é necessária para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que permitam o uso equitativo dos serviços de saúde.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the individual and contextual determinants of the use of health care services in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo.METHODS Data from the Sao Paulo Megacity study – the Brazilian version of the World Mental Health Survey multicenter study – were used. A total of 3,588 adults living in 69 neighborhoods in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil, including 38 municipalities and 31 neighboring districts, were selected using multistratified sampling of the non-institutionalized population. Multilevel Bayesian logistic models were adjusted to identify the individual and contextual determinants of the use of health care services in the past 12 months and presence of a regular physician for routine care.RESULTS The contextual characteristics of the place of residence (income inequality, violence, and median income) showed no significant correlation (p > 0.05) with the use of health care services or with the presence of a regular physician for routine care. The only exception was the negative correlation between living in areas with high income inequality and presence of a regular physician (OR: 0.77; 95%CI 0.60;0.99) after controlling for individual characteristics. The study revealed a strong and consistent correlation between individual characteristics (mainly education and possession of health insurance), use of health care services, and presence of a regular physician. Presence of chronic and mental illnesses was strongly correlated with the use of health care services in the past year (regardless of the individual characteristics) but not with the presence of a regular physician.CONCLUSIONS Individual characteristics including higher education and possession of health insurance were important determinants of the use of health care services in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo. A better understanding of these determinants is essential for the development of public policies that promote equitable use of health care services.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005246 1775 descargas

13.

Determinants of the use of health care services: multilevel analysis in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo
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Chiavegatto Filho, Alexandre Dias Porto

; Wang, Yuan-Pang

; Malik, Ana Maria

; Takaoka, Julia

; Viana, Maria Carmen

; Andrade, Laura Helena

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2015, Volumen 49 elocation 15

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005246 6134 descargas

14.

La importancia de enfermería en la educación sexual plural durante los primeros años de la adolescencia: rompiendo estereotipos
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Luces Lago, Ana María

; Tizón Bouza, Eva

; Porto Esteiro, Marta

; Fernández Minguez, Carmen

Ene

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2014, Volumen 8 Nº 2

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

In the XXI century, to question the appropriateness of a universal sex education in adolescence still continues. Is this a family committed or educational institutions? Is it to inform the teenager in this area to encourage a risk behaviors such as promiscuity? Our experience as nurse educators in sexuality indicates that there is much controversy about it. Sexuality is an inherent human beings in all their life stages component and there is evidence of the benefits of sexual education in time, as a vehicle drive in a responsible and healthy sexuality. In Spain, the average age of first sexual intercourse is 15-17 years and still find traces of stereotypes or misinformation in this population. But why is this in the age of communication? Education is not in possession of all the information on a topic, but to know to operate it profitably. Thus, for effective educational work, we should not stay still in our consultations, but approach the adolescent environment, empathizing with their way of life and for taking an interest in their concerns, as well, to create an environment where the adolescent gets involved in their own education

En pleno siglo XXI, todavía se sigue cuestionando la idoneidad de una educación sexual universal en la adolescencia. ¿Es este un cometido familiar o de las instituciones educativas? ¿Es informar al adolescente en esta materia un riesgo de fomentar comportamientos como la promiscuidad? Nuestra experiencia como enfermeras educadoras en sexualidad nos indica que existe mucha controversia al respecto. La sexualidad es un componente inherente al ser humano en todas sus etapas vitales y existe evidencia sobre los beneficios de una educación sexual impartida a tiempo, como vehículo impulsor de una sexualidad responsable y saludable. En España, la edad media de inicio en las relaciones sexuales es de 15-17 años y todavía hallamos resquicios de estereotipos o desinformación en esta población. Pero, ¿por qué sucede esto en la era de la comunicación? La educación no consiste en poseer toda la información sobre un tema, sino en saber manejarla de manera provechosa. Así, para una labor educadora eficaz, no debemos, en nuestras consultas de Enfermería, sino acercarnos al entorno del adolescente, empatizando con su modo de vida e interesándonos por sus preocupaciones para, así, poder crear un ambiente donde el adolescente se haga partícipe de su propia educación.

https://doi.org/10.4321/S1988-348X2014000200006 5935 descargas

15.

Dementia and other chronic diseases in older adults in Havana and Matanzas: the 10/66 study in Cuba
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Métrica
- SciELO Analytics

Llibre, Juan de Jesús

; Valhuerdi, Adolfo

; Calvo, Marina

; García, Rosa M.

; Guerra, Milagros

; Laucerique, Tania

; López, Ana M.

; Llibre, Juan Carlos

; Noriega, Lisseth

; Sánchez, Isis Y.

; Porto, Rudbeskia

; Arencibia, Francis

; Marcheco, Beatriz

; Moreno, Carmen

MEDICC Review

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- Sobre o periódico
- SciELO Analytics

Oct 2011, Volumen 13 Nº 4 Paginas 30 - 37

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

INTRODUCTION: Chronic non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, except in Sub-Saharan Africa. Nonetheless, one of these conditions, dementia, is the major contributor to disability-adjusted life years in people aged >60 years. Few epidemiological studies exist of the prevalence and impact of dementia and selected chronic diseases in older adults in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: Describe prevalence of dementia, other chronic vascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as resulting disabilities and care needs generated in adults aged >65 years in Havana City and Matanzas provinces, Cuba. METHODS: The 10/66 study is a prospective longitudinal study involving a cohort of 3015 adults aged >65 years in municipalities of Havana City and Matanzas provinces, divided into two phases: a cross-sectional door-to-door study conducted in 2003-2006, and a follow-up and assessment phase in 2007-2010. This article reports findings from the first phase. Hypertension diagnosis was based on criteria from the International Society for Hypertension; diabetes mellitus on American Diabetes Association criteria; stroke according to WHO definitions; and dementia according to criteria of the American Psychiatric Society's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV and the 10/66 International Dementia Research Group. Ischemic heart disease was defined by self-report of previous physician diagnosis. Study variables included age, sex, educational level, substance use (alcohol, tobacco) and dietary habits. A structured physical and neurological exam, including blood pressure measurement, was performed on all participants. Laboratory tests included complete blood count, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions, triglycerides and apolipoprotein E genotype. Prevalence and standardized morbidity ratios (crude and adjusted) were calculated for chronic diseases studied with 95% confidence intervals, using a Poisson regression model and indirect standardization. RESULTS: The study assessed 2944 older adults (response rate 97.6%) and found high prevalence of vascular risk factors and of chronic non-communicable diseases: hypertension 73.0% (95% CI 71.4-74.7), diabetes mellitus 24.8% (95% CI 22.9-26.5), ischemic heart disease 14.1% (95% CI 12.9-15.4), dementia 10.8% (95% CI 9.7-12.0) and stroke 7.8% (95% CI 6.9-8.8). The majority of participants (85%) had more than one cardiovascular risk factor. The main cause of disability and dependency in the study population was dementia. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of chronic diseases observed in the elderly-with the consequent morbidity, disability and dependency-highlights the need for prevention, early diagnosis and risk factor control, particularly given the demographic and epidemiologic transition faced by Cuba and other developing countries.

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