Resumo Ananas ananassoides (Baker) L.B.Sm. é um abacaxi silvestre, comumente encontrado nas savanas. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a morfoanatomia e histoquímica de sua semente. As observações foram feitas nos cortes longitudinais e transversais, em microscópio óptico. O arranjo celular no tegumento, as ondulações no tegumento, a relação entre o tamanho do embrião e a quantidade de endosperma, e o número de estratos na camada de aleurona são características anatômicas que podem contribuir para a distinção dessa espécie. O amido do endosperma e os lipídios e proteínas do embrião constituem as principais reservas nutricionais da semente. O embrião homogêneo e os compostos fenólicos presentes no tegumento e na camada de aleurona possivelmente contribuem para a dormência nessa espécie. Este estudo apresenta informações relevantes para a taxonomia e fisiologia de A. ananassoides, sendo contribuições valiosas para o conhecimento global dessa espécie com alto potencial ornamental.

Abstract Ananas ananassoides (Baker) L.B.Sm. is a wild pineapple, commonly found in the savannas. This study aimed to describe the morpho-anatomy and histochemistry of its seed. The observations were made in the longitudinal and transverse sections, using an optical microscope. The cell arrangement in the seed coat, ripples in the integument, the ratio of embryo size and endosperm amount, and the number of strata in the aleurone layer are anatomical characteristics that may contribute to distinguishing this species. The starch in the endosperm, lipids and proteins in the embryo, constitute the seed's main nutritional reserves. The homogeneous embryo and phenolic compounds present in the seed coat and in the aleurone layer possibly contribute to the dormancy in this species. This study presents information relevant to the taxonomy and physiology of A. ananassoides, which represents contributions to the global knowledge of this species with a high potential as ornamental.

Abstract Visible-light communication (VLC) is a technique that employs light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodiodes to enable communication in indoor scenarios. VLC has gathered increasing attention due to its potential for data transmission across a broad unregulated spectrum (430-790 THz). One of VLC’s primary objectives is to utilize pre-existing LED infrastructures as access points. In this investigation, we assess the performance of an indoor VLC link by measuring the illumination characteristics of commercial LED luminaire. The results are utilized to design an electronic transmission and reception circuit. An analysis was conducted to identify the optimal operating point that ensures adequate lighting and reliable communication. The designed circuits exhibited a bandwidth of 50 MHz at -3 dB. Characterization of the luminaire demonstrated that a single luminaire provided the illumination (486 lx) within the recommended range at 1.6 m. For data transmission, the variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) and the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) were employed in different configurations. The bit error rate (BER) results, with a threshold of ≤ 10-3, revealed that VPPM performed best at a distance of 1.9 m with a rate of 12.5 Mbps. Conversely, OFDM modulation achieved optimal performance at 1.75 m, providing a transmission rate of 30 Mbps.

Research to identify plant bioactive compounds led to the evolution of extraction methods. This study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to extract the flavonoids of Croton grewioides Baill. species contributing to characterize the polar extract profile and understand the antioxidant potential of these plant constituents. The use of experimental design and statistical treatments enabled the determination of the ideal conditions for each technique. The extracts of five accessions of C. grewioides were obtained under the optimized extraction conditions and were analyzed using ultra high-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-Orbitrap MS) operating at negative ionization mode for flavonoids detection. The accurate experimental mass obtained to the main compounds was used to attribute the molecular formula. Chemical structures of the main compounds detected were proposed using structure data bases. Chemometric analysis were performed with two FT-Orbitrap MS spectra samples using the identified metabolites and, the antioxidant activity data, showing that for this species the MAE was most effective in extracting the antioxidant compounds. It was possible to propose the structures for forty compounds in the C. grewioides extracts, demonstrating the excellent performance of the FT-Orbitrap MS in providing information on the chemical profile of polar compounds in plant extracts. methods ultrasoundassisted ultrasound assisted UAE (UAE microwaveassisted microwave (MAE Baill constituents technique C highresolution high resolution FTOrbitrap FT Orbitrap detection formula bases

Resumen Los sistemas agroforestales y la diversificación productiva son alternativas sostenibles que revierten los daños y riesgos de la agricultura convencional. Existen pocos estudios de sostenibilidad que permitan incorporarlos a proyectos destinados a aumentar la rentabilidad y mejorar el bienestar de los productores, restaurando los servicios ecosistémicos. El objetivo fue evaluar la sustentabilidad de dos sistemas agroforestales tradicionales, diversificados con cacao y vainilla, en los estados de Veracruz y Oaxaca. Se promovieron técnicas agroecológicas y estrategias de desarrollo empresarial con las familias de ambos productores. La investigación se llevó a cabo durante el periodo: febrero 2012 a julio 2020, las parcelas están ubicadas en los municipios de San Pedro Ixcatlán, Oaxaca y Papantla, Veracruz. Se utilizó la metodología del marco de evaluación de sistemas de gestión de recursos naturales. Los resultados mostraron que los estados iniciales tenían un manejo poco intensivo, bajo uso de insumos, alta diversificación y orientado a la agricultura de subsistencia. Tras la diversificación, manejo agroecológico y desarrollo empresarial, los estados de transición han mejorado en la mayoría de los indicadores de sostenibilidad. En particular la rentabilidad (índice beneficio-costo), que alcanzó 1.2 para San Pedro y 2.6 para Papantla cuando se da valor agregado a la vainilla y el cacao. Es relevante la participación de las mujeres en actividades emergentes derivadas de la diversificación y el interés de los jóvenes por continuar con actividades de transformación de materias primas y la comercialización de productos de valor agregado.

Abstract Agroforestry systems and productive diversification are sustainable alternatives that reverse the damages and risks of conventional agriculture. There are few sustainability studies that allow them to be incorporated into projects aimed at increasing profitability and improving the welfare of producers, restoring ecosystem services. The objective was to assess the sustainability of two traditional agroforestry systems, diversified with cacao and vanilla, in the states of Veracruz and Oaxaca. Agroecological techniques and business development strategies were promoted with the families of both producers. The research was carried out during the period: February 2012 to July 2020, the plots are located in the municipalities of San Pedro Ixcatlán, Oaxaca and Papantla, Veracruz. The methodology of the framework of assessment of natural resource management systems was used. The results showed that the initial states had a low intensive management, low use of inputs, high diversification and oriented to subsistence agriculture. After diversification, agroecological management and business development, transition states have improved in most sustainability indicators. In particular, profitability (benefit-cost index), which reached 1.2 for San Pedro and 2.6 for Papantla when added value is given to vanilla and cacao. The participation of women in emerging activities derived from diversification and the interest of young people to continue with activities of transformation of raw materials and the commercialization of value-added products are relevant.

Resumen Introducción: Los tumores rabdoides son neoplasias malignas de baja prevalencia, con comportamiento agresivo y alta mortalidad. Inicialmente fueron descritos como renales, aunque posteriormente se han descrito tumores con las mismas características histopatológicas e inmunohistoquímicas en otros sitios, principalmente en el sistema nervioso central. Internacionalmente se han descrito pocos casos de localización mediastinal. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el caso de un tumor rabdoide de localización mediastinal. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 8 meses de edad que ingresó al servicio de pediatría con disfonía y estridor laríngeo que progresó a dificultad respiratoria severa. En la tomografía computarizada contrastada de tórax se observó una gran masa homogénea con densidad de tejidos blandos, de bordes lisos y bien definidos, por lo que se sospechó una neoplasia maligna. Debido a la urgencia oncológica compresiva de la vía aérea se inició con un esquema empírico de quimioterapia. Posteriormente se sometió a resección tumoral incompleta por carácter invasor. El reporte de patología mostró morfología compatible con un tumor rabdoide, el cual se corroboró con estudios de inmunohistoquímica y genética. Se administró un esquema de quimioterapia y radioterapia al mediastino. Sin embargo, el paciente falleció a los 3 meses del inicio de tratamiento debido al comportamiento agresivo del tumor. Conclusiones: Los tumores rabdoides son entidades agresivas y malignas de difícil control y con pobre supervivencia. A pesar de que se requiere un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento agresivo, no se ha logrado la supervivencia a 5 años mayor al 40%. Es necesario analizar una mayor cantidad de casos para establecer guías específicas de tratamiento.

Abstract Background: Rhabdoid tumors are malignant neoplasms of low prevalence, aggressive behavior, and high mortality. They were initially described as renal tumors, although tumors with the same histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics have been discovered in other locations, mainly in the central nervous system. Few cases of mediastinal location have been reported internationally. This work aimed to describe the case of a mediastinal rhabdoid tumor. Case report: We describe the case of an 8-month-old male patient admitted to the pediatric department with dysphonia and laryngeal stridor progressing to severe respiratory distress. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the thorax showed a large mass with homogeneous soft tissue density, and smooth and well-defined borders, with suspicion of malignant neoplasm. Due to the oncological emergency compressing the airway, empirical chemotherapy was initiated. Subsequently, the patient underwent incomplete tumor resection due to its invasive nature. The pathology report showed morphology compatible with a rhabdoid tumor, which immunohistochemical and genetic studies corroborated. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the mediastinum were administered. However, the patient died three months after the initial treatment due to the aggressive behavior of the tumor. Conclusions: Rhabdoid tumors are aggressive and malignant entities difficult to control and have poor survival. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are required, although the 5-year survival does not exceed 40%. It is necessary to analyze and report more similar cases to establish specific treatment guidelines.

Abstract This study analyzed how the compositional variability of dimension stone residues influences the characteristics of rustic porous ceramic tiles. The specimens were prepared by adding 20 wt% of dimension stone residue to the clay and sintered at 1000 °C for 1 h. The testing assays performed were physical properties and structural analysis through scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that water absorption was lower (~9% to 14%) in samples containing silicate residues compared to carbonate residues (~16%). Apparent porosity of ~21% to 25% and shrinkage of 0.5% to 1.6% were measured in silicate samples while higher apparent porosity of ~30% and expansion of -0.04% were found in carbonate samples. Flexural strength and modulus of rupture were similar, ~16 MPa and ~330 N, respectively, for both sample sets. The samples containing silicate residues whose SiO2 content was between 48% and 58% and the sum of alkaline and alkaline earth oxides was less than 18% were suitable for manufacturing rustic porous ceramic tile, while residues with high SiO2 or carbonate contents impaired the properties of the ceramic bodies. Therefore, it is recommended that the dimension stone residues intended for use in ceramic tiles be previously separated according to chemical and mineralogical characteristics.

Catalyst performance is a relevant factor in biodiesel production because it can affect the efficiency of the process. This work provides a study of the performance of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production derived from thermal-treated hydrocalumite-type compounds. This work aimed to synthesize and characterize hydrocalumite-type compounds intercalated with chloride and nitrate, evaluate the effect of thermal treatments at different temperatures (500, 600, and 750 °C) on these materials, and assess the performance of these materials as catalysts in the transesterification reactions using soybean oil and methanol. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrational spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR)), thermogravimetric analysis coupled to mass spectrometry (TGA DSC-MS), specific surface area, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of the transesterification reactions showed that the thermal-treated materials from the hydrocalumite intercalated with chloride presented high catalytic activity, among them, the thermal-treated material at 750 °C presented the highest conversion to methyl esters.

Resumo Alo vera é um remédio centenário usado para pequenas feridas e queimaduras, mas seu mecanismo de cicatrização de feridas não foi conhecido desde então. Este artigo avaliará e reunirá evidências da eficácia e segurança do uso de aloe vera no tratamento de queimaduras. Realizada revisão Sistemática nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, nos últimos 7 anos, com os descritores: “Aloe”, “Burns” and “treatment”. Foram encontrados 16 trabalhos. Após utilizarmos os critérios de exclusão; pesquisa em nao humanos e revisão da literatura ; foram selecionados 5 artigos. O artigo Teplick et al. (2018) realizou um experimento clinico in vitro em solução de A. Vera, e demonstrou que houve proliferação e migração celular de fibroblastos e queratinócitos de pele humana, além de ser protetor na morte de queratonócitos. Ou seja, acelera a cicatrização das feridas. Já Muangman et al. (2016), avaliou 50 pacientes com 20% do total da área superficial corporal queimada com queimaduras de segundo grau, entre 18-60 anos, tendo metade do grupo como controle recebendo curativos de gaze com parafina mole contendo 0,5% acetado de clorexidina e a outra metade recebendo curativos com poliéster contendo extratos de plantas medicinais principalmente Aloe Vera. Teve resultados positivos, uma maior velocidade de cicatrização e menor tempo de internação comparado ao grupo controle. Já Hwang et al. (2015) investigou os efeitos antioxidante de diferentes extratos de 2,4,6,8,12 meses da Aloe Vera. E o extrato com 6 meses concentrado de 0,25 mg/mL teve maior teor de flavanóides (9,750 mg equivalente catequina / g extrato) e polifenóis (23,375 mg equivalente ácido gálico / g extrato) e o maior poder antioxidante redutor férrico (0,047 mM de sulfato ferroso equivalente / extrato mg), ou seja, maior potencial de eliminação de radicais livres e também efeito proteror contra o estresse oxidativo induzido por hidroperóxido de terc-butila (t-BHP), sugerindo indícios de um potencial bioativo da A. vera. Porém, no artigo Kolacz et al. (2014) sugeriu como tratamento alternativo o uso do curativo com Aloe Vera em conjunto de mel, lanolina, azeite de oliva, óleo de gérmen de trigo, raiz de marshmallow, absinto, raiz de confrei, casca de carvalho branco, lobelia inflata, glicerina vegetal, cera de abelha e mirra, não obtendo resultados significativos e conclusivos que permitam subsidiar o tratamento convencional das queimaduras. Por fim, no artigo de Zurita and Gallegos (2017), realizou um estudo descritivo transversal com 321 pessoas, ambos os sexos entre 17-76 anos, de natureza indutiva, explorando a vivência dessa população e suas atitudes comportamentais quanto ao tratamento de dermatoses. Aloe vera teve 13,8% citada pelos indivíduos no tratamento de acne e 33,6% no tratamento de queimaduras. Mesmo tendo evidências que sugerem a eficácia no tratamento de queimaduras com o uso do extrato da Aloe Vera, sugere-se mais ensaios clínicos com espaço amostral maior sobre o uso de curativos de Aloe vera em médio queimados para maiores conclusões.

Abstract Alo vera is a centenary remedy use for minor wounds and burns, but its mechanism of wound healing has not been know since. This article will evaluate and gather evidence of the effectiveness and safety of the use of aloe vera in the treatment of burns. A systematic review was carried out on the databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, in the last 7 years, with the descriptors: “Aloe”, “Burns” and “treatment”. 16 articles were found. After using the exclusion criteria; research in non-humans and literature review; 5 articles were selected. The article Teplick et al. (2018) performed an in vitro clinical experiment in A. Vera solution, and demonstrated that there was proliferation and cell migration of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, in addition to being protective in the death of keratonocytes. That is, it accelerates the healing of wounds. Muangman et al. (2016), evaluated 50 patients with 20% of the total body surface area burned with second-degree burns, between 18-60 years old, with half of the group receiving gauze dressings with soft paraffin containing 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate and the other half receiving polyester dressings containing extracts of medicinal plants mainly Aloe Vera. It had positive results, a higher healing speed and shorter hospital stay compared to the control group. Hwang et al. (2015) investigated the antioxidant effects of different extracts from 2,4,6,8,12 months of Aloe Vera. And the 6-month concentrated extract of 0.25 mg / mL had a higher content of flavonoids (9.750 mg catechin equivalent / g extract) and polyphenols (23.375 mg gallic acid equivalent / g extract) and the greater ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.047 mM equivalent ferrous sulfate / mg extract), that is, greater potential for free radical scavenging and also a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), suggesting evidence of a bioactive potential of A. vera . However, in the article Kolacz et al. (2014) suggested as an alternative treatment the use of Aloe Vera dressing in combination with honey, lanolin, olive oil, wheat germ oil, marshmallow root, wormwood, comfrey root, white oak bark, lobelia inflata, glycerin vegetable oil, beeswax and myrrh, without obtaining significant and conclusive results that would allow the conventional treatment of burns to be subsidized. Finally, in the article by Zurita and Gallegos (2017), it carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study with 321 people, both sexes between 17-76 years of age, of an inductive nature, exploring the experience of this population and their behavioral attitudes regarding the treatment of dermatoses. Aloe vera had 13.8% cited by individuals in the treatment of acne and 33.6% in the treatment of burns. Even with evidence that suggests the efficacy in the treatment of burns with the use of Aloe Vera extract, further clinical trials with larger sample space on the use of Aloe vera dressings in medium burns are suggested for further conclusions.

Resumo A magnetização da água e o geoprocessamento são ferramentas cada vez mais utilizadas no manejo de ervas daninhas. Nosso objetivo foi estudar a influência da magnetização da água na eficiência do herbicida e verificar se existe uma relação entre os escores de controle e o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI). No experimento de laboratório, a água foi submetida à magnetização e avaliada em relação a quatro características. No experimento de campo, parcelas de capim-braquiária foram submetidas a tratamentos em esquema fatorial (6 × 2 + 1). Seis fatores herbicidas (doses de glyphosate e glyphosate + 2,4-D) e a magnetização ou ausência de magnetização da calda foram avaliados e comparados com o tratamento controle (sem pulverização). Avaliações de controle de plantas daninhas foram realizadas seis vezes. As imagens foram obtidas usando uma câmera multiespectral incorporada para determinar os valores de NDVI. Os dados relacionados às características da água foram analisados por meio do teste t. O controle de plantas daninhas e os dados de NDVI foram submetidos à análise de variância e são apresentados em gráficos de regressão. A análise de dispersão dos dados NDVI foi realizada de acordo com os escores de controle. O processo de magnetização diminuiu o pH da água e aumentou a tensão superficial, mas não influenciou nos escores de controle ou no NDVI. Conforme a dose de glyphosate foi aumentada, os escores de controle foram maiores e os valores de NDVI foram menores. A água magnetizada não afetou a eficiência biológica dos herbicidas, e houve uma forte correlação entre os escores de controle e os valores de NDVI.

Abstract Water magnetization and geoprocessing are increasingly utilized tools in weed management. Our objective was to study the influence of water magnetization on herbicide efficiency and to verify whether there is a relationship between control scores and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). In the laboratory experiment, water was subjected to magnetization and evaluated with respect to four characteristics. In the field experiment, plots of Brachiaria grass were subjected to treatments in a factorial scheme (6 × 2 + 1). Six herbicidal factors (doses of glyphosate and glyphosate + 2,4-D) and the magnetization or absence of magnetization of the spray solution were evaluated and compared against the control treatment (without spraying). Weed control assessments were carried out six times. Images were obtained using an embedded multispectral camera to determine the NDVI values. Data related to water characteristics were analyzed using the t test. Weed control and NDVI data were subjected to analysis of variance and are presented in regression graphs. Dispersion analysis of NDVI data was performed according to the control scores. The magnetization process decreased the pH of the water and increased the surface tension, but it did not influence the control scores or the NDVI. As the glyphosate dose was increased, the control scores were higher and the NDVI values were lower. Magnetized water did not affect the biological efficiency of the herbicides, and there was a strong correlation between the control scores and the NDVI values.

Abstract In this work, a thermal plasma-based ablation test system was used to evaluate the ablative performance of the EPDM composite. The system produces a high enthalpy plasma jet generated by a plasma (DC) torch, operating at atmospheric pressure using compressed air as working gas, enabling the variation of the thermal flux concerned with the studied EPDM composites. The samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to investigate the morphology, mass-loss rate, the reaction layer (char formation), and chemical changes of the samples for each thermal flux. For a complete evaluation, the thermal fluxes were varied in 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, and 0.90 MW/m2 and for each thermal flux, disk-shape samples remained exposed to the plasma jet for 10s. During the plasma jet exposure time, the temperatures of the surface and the back of the samples were collected to verify the formed char layer's insulator capacity and the samples' thermal diffusivity for each experimental condition. The mass loss is continuous under the thermal fluxes of 0.30 and 0.45 MW/m2, stabilizing at 60% until 0.75 MW/m2. The formed char layer begins to lose its protective capacity, evidenced by the size decrease (from 800 µm to 700 µm), due to the ablation process of the reaction layer from the thermal flux of 0.90 MW/m2.

Abstract Areas planted with Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake variety platyphylla F. Muell. (Myrtaceae) expand annually in most regions of Brazil. Many lepidopteran species defoliate this plant, but with damage varying per species. The objective of this study was to identify the pest status of lepidopteran defoliators based in the faunistic analysis of these insects and of their natural enemies on E. urophylla variety platyphylla plantations in a representative producing region of Brazil. Adult moths of lepidopterans and of their natural enemies were captured using a light trap, installed every two weeks, from September 2016 to August 2018. A total of 183, 10, three and 139 lepidopteran species was captured and classified as primary, secondary, without defined importance to eucalypt plants and non-identified with 1,419, seven, 465 and 876 individuals, respectively. Two primary pest species were constants, two accessories and six accidentals and all secondary ones were accidentals. Six primary pest species were common and dominant and four non-dominants. Faunistic indices indicated the main lepidopteran species that should be monitored in pest management programs. Seven hymenopteran species (65 individuals), three dipterans (49 individuals) and two hemipterans (four individuals) were the natural enemies collected using light traps. The monitoring of lepidopteran pests with light traps can contribute to the management and to reduce damage and control costs for these species, besides identifying natural enemies for biological control programs in Eucalyptus plantations.

Resumo Áreas plantadas com Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake variedade platyphylla F. Muell. (Myrtaceae) se expandem anualmente na maioria das regiões do Brasil. Muitas espécies de lepidópteros desfolham esta planta, mas com danos que variam de acordo com a espécie. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o status de praga de lepidópteros desfolhadores com base na análise faunística desses insetos e de seus inimigos naturais em plantios de E. urophylla variedade platyphylla em uma região produtora representativa do Brasil. As mariposas e seus inimigos naturais foram capturadas com armadilha luminosa, instalada quinzenalmente, de setembro de 2016 a agosto de 2018. Um total de 183, 10, três e 139 espécies de lepidópteros foram capturadas e classificadas como primária, secundária, sem importância definida para eucaliptocultura e não identificadas com 1419, sete, 465 e 876 indivíduos, respectivamente. Duas espécies de pragas primárias foram constantes, duas acessórias e seis acidentais e todas as secundárias foram acidentais. Seis espécies de pragas primárias foram comuns e dominantes e quatro não dominantes. Os índices faunísticos indicaram as principais espécies de lepidópteras que devem ser monitoradas em programas de manejo de pragas. Sete espécies de himenópteros (65 indivíduos), três dípteros (49 indivíduos) e dois hemípteros (quatro indivíduos) foram os inimigos naturais coletados com armadilha luminosa. O monitoramento de lepidópteros-praga com armadilha luminosa pode contribuir para o manejo e redução de danos e custos de controle para essas espécies, além de identificar inimigos naturais para programas de controle biológico em cultivos de eucalipto.

Abstract Fungi exhibit three adverse effects on human health: inflammatory, allergic and toxic effects, these implications affect mainly immunodepressed patients. The objective of this work was to analyze the fungal microbiota of the ambient air of an Intensive Care Unit. Three collections were carried out in an Intensive Care Unit in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil from March to May 2017. 126 Petri dishes were exposed with the culture medium Agar Sabouraud with chloramphenicol and Agar Mycosel, considering the distribution of the 21 air conditioners, split residential model. The plates were incubated for seven days at room temperature and the growth of Colony Forming Units was observed. Colony counting and isolation for the morphological characterization of the granted fungi was performed. After quantification, the concentration of fungi per cubic meters of air (CFU.m-3) was settled. The third collection had a larger number of colony forming units with 48.6%. In the total of the analyzed samples, filamentous fungi (85.5%) and yeasts (14.5%) were isolated. Thirteen genera of fungi were identified, with the most frequent filaments being Cladosporium spp. 33.0%, Aspergillus spp. 30.4% and Penicillium spp. 19.6%, and yeasts Candida spp. 52.6%, Trichosporon spp. 36.9%. The colony-forming unit per cubic meter (CFU.m-3) did not shown any difference between the Cores in the same collection period, however in the 1st and 3rd collection, Core 1 had the highest average. The fungal microbiota of this Unit presented thirteen different genera potentially pathogenic, revealing the need for monitoring microorganisms and prevention actions.

Resumo Os fungos exibem três efeitos adversos para a saúde humana: inflamatórios, alérgicos e tóxicos, esses efeitos atingem principalmente pacientes imunodeprimidos. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a microbiota fúngica do ar ambiente em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva na cidade de Rio Branco, Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Foram realizadas 03 coletas em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva na cidade de Rio Branco, Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil no período de março a maio de 2017. Foram expostas 126 placas de Petri com os meios de cultura Ágar Sabouraud com cloranfenicol e Ágar Mycosel, considerando a distribuição dos 21 condicionadores de ar, modelo split residencial. As placas foram incubadas por sete dias em temperatura ambiente e observado o crescimento das Unidades Formadoras de Colônias. A contagem de colônias e o isolamento para a caracterização morfológica dos fungos isolados foi realizada. Após a quantificação, foi calculada a concentração de fungos por metros cúbicos de ar (UFC.m-3). A terceira coleta teve maior quantidade de unidades formadoras de colônias com 48,6%. No total das amostras analisadas, foram isolados fungos filamentosos (85,5%) e leveduriformes (14,5%). Foram identificados 13 gêneros de fungos, sendo os filamentosos mais frequentes Cladosporium spp. 33,0%, Aspergillus spp. 30,4% e Penicillium spp. 19,6% e os leveduriformes Candida spp. 52,6%, Trichosporon spp. 36,9%. A unidade formadora de colônia por metros cúbicos (UFC.m-3) não houve diferença entre os Núcleos no mesmo período de coleta, porém na 1ª e 3ª coleta, o Núcleo 1 apresentou maior média. A microbiota fúngica desta Unidade apresentou treze gêneros diferentes potencialmente patogênicos, mostra a necessidade de monitoramento dos microrganismos e ações de prevenção.

ABSTRACT Migratory fishes have high ecological, social, and commercial value, and are strongly affected by river regulation. This study aimed to understand how migratory fishes use the longitudinal gradient, in an upstream to downstream direction of two free-flowing rivers and two reservoirs in a cascade within the Upper Grande River Basin, Brazil. The numeric abundance, biomass, richness, presence of fingerlings and juveniles, and the macroscopic gonadal maturation stage of migratory fishes were ascertained and evaluated bimonthly for two years. Recruitment in migratory fishes seems to rely completely on the free-flowing rivers upstream and their floodplains. Transition areas do not seem to have a significant role in recruitment. Therefore, we highlight the importance of maintaining the free flow of rivers and the integrity of their floodplains. ecological social value regulation gradient freeflowing flowing Basin Brazil abundance biomass richness juveniles years floodplains recruitment Therefore

ABSTRACT Fungal virulence is multifaceted and dependent on multiple factors including the pH of the spore suspension. In this study, we accessed effects of six pH values of Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae medium for the growth, sporulation, and mortality on sugarcane stalk borer Diatraea saccharalis. The culture of fungi was performed onplates containing the PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. Virulence was tested in D. saccharalis larvae distributed in four replicates of 15 larvae. To evaluate the performance of the isolates, they were grown at different pH values in an artificial chitin medium to confirm the degradation capacity of the fungi at each pH. No significant difference was observed for the sporulation at pH ranged from 4 to 9 for both fungi. In the mortality assay, larval mortality was higher at pH 7 and 8 for both fungi, reaching 87% for B. bassiana and 81% for M. anisopliae.

Resumen: El resonante triunfo de las escritoras latinoamericanas y españolas en los mercados literarios hispanoparlantes y mundiales de los últimos años es consecuencia de cambios significativos en el proceso de gatekeeping, así como en cambios fundamentales respecto de las ideas de la relación entre novela y mercado. Este trabajo propone una discusión del papel del Premio Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz –creado en 1993 y concedido cada año a novelas escritas por mujeres del ámbito hispanoamericano (incluida España)– en este proceso. El texto abordará primero el premio como parte de una tendencia de premios literarios en los que pueden participar exclusivamente mujeres, como el Women’s Prize of Fiction. Posteriormente se discutirán de manera particular los casos de escritoras premiadas que han alcanzado resonancia más allá de la lengua española (como Cristina Rivera Garza, Lina Meruane, Marina Perezagua, Nona Fernández y María Gainza) frente a otras (Silvia Molina, Ana García Bergua, Inés Fernández Moreno), cuyo reconocimiento se limita a la lengua. De esta manera, el premio se usará como lugar privilegiado para discutir los mecanismos y limitantes que enfrentan las escritoras latinoamericanas en círculos concéntricos de capital cultural.

Abstract: The resounding triumph of Latin American and Spanish women writers in Spanish-speaking and world literary markets in recent years is a consequence of significant changes in the gatekeeping process, as well as fundamental shifts in ideas about the relationship between the novel and the market. This paper proposes a discussion of the role of the Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Prize, founded in 1993 and awarded each year to novels written by women in Spanish America (including Spain), in this process. The text will first discuss the prize as part of a trend of literary prizes in which women can participate exclusively, such as the Women’s Prize of Fiction. It will then discuss in particular the cases of prize-winning women writers who have achieved resonance beyond the Spanish language (such as Cristina Rivera Garza, Lina Meruane, Marina Perezagua, Nona Fernández and María Gainza) as opposed to others (Silvia Molina, Ana García Bergua, Inés Fernández Moreno) whose recognition is limited to the language. In this way, the award will be used as a privileged place to discuss the mechanisms and limitations faced by Latin American women writers in concentric circles of cultural capital.