Resumen Introducción: El ultrasonido pulmonar es una herramienta a pie de cama que permite evaluar la afectación del parénquima pulmonar en pacientes pediátricos por medio de la escala de LUS (lung ultrasound score, por sus siglas en inglés). El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar a niños menores de 3 años con infección respiratoria baja mediante la escala de LUS, en el Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes menores de 3 años que ingresaron al Servicio de Urgencias con infección respiratoria baja. Se realizó ecografía pulmonar en las primeras 24 horas de ingreso a urgencias y se evaluó mediante la escala de LUS. Se analizó, edad, sexo, etiología de la infección, días de estancia, uso de terapia ventilatoria, escala de Downes, fracaso a la terapia ventilatoria de ingreso y mortalidad. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo por medio de frecuencia y porcentaje para las variables cualitativas y para las cuantitativas con mediana e intervalo intercuartil. Las diferencias en la distribución de las variables por la escala de LUS con la prueba exacta de Fisher y la t de Student. Resultados: Se identificaron 19 pacientes con infección pulmonar aguda, de los cuales el 73.7% presentó bronquiolitis. El 50% de los casos obtuvo 7 puntos de la escala de LUS, el 91.7% ingresó a UCIP y el 53.8% requirió ventilación mecánica asistida. Conclusiones: El uso de la escala LUS en infección respiratoria baja puede predecir la necesidad de ingreso a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, así como la utilización de soporte ventilatorio invasivo y una estancia hospitalaria prolongada.

Abstract Background: Lung ultrasound is a bedside tool that allows the evaluation of pulmonary parenchymal involvement in pediatric patients through the lung ultrasound score (LUS). We aimed to evaluate a group of patients under 3 years of age with lower respiratory tract infections using LUS at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora. Methods: We included patients younger than 3 years admitted to the emergency department with lower respiratory tract infections. A lung ultrasound was performed within the first 24 h of admission to the emergency department and evaluated using LUS. We analyzed age, sex, etiology of infection, days of stay, use of mechanical ventilation, Downes scale, failure of mechanical ventilation on admission, and mortality. Descriptive analysis was performed with frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables and medians and interquartile intervals for quantitative variables. Differences in the distribution of LUS variables were evaluated with the Fishers´ exact test and Student´s t-test. Results: We included a total of 19 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 73.7% with bronchiolitis. Fifty percent of the cases scored 7 on the LUS, 91.7% were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, and 53.8% required invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: The use of LUS in lower respiratory tract infections can predict the need for PICU admission, the use of invasive ventilatory support, and prolonged hospital stay.

Abstract The global burden of schizophrenia is a challenge for patients, families, and society; the current compartmentalization of healthcare and the stigma associated with the disease contribute to insufficient responses. This article emphasizes the importance of person-centered care. It seeks, through reflection and debate, to make family doctors aware of the problems associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, and to contribute to the improvement of the care provided to the patient and his family, through the proposal of forms of clinical action that allow a greater and more effective integration and continuity between primary and hospital health care. This article emphasizes the importance of person-centered care and, through reflection and debate, proposes guidelines for the organization of services based on the integration and continuity of care for the patient and his family. First, by emphasizing the role of primary healthcare, given the privileged position they hold and which allows: early detection of cases; integrated monitoring of patient's health; supervision of therapeutic adherence; the promotion of healthy lifestyles; the understanding of the person in the sociocultural context, through proximity to the family and the rest of the community. Second, by improving the articulation with the psychiatric and mental health services, which are responsible for: checking the diagnosis; the development of an individualized therapeutic plan that includes crisis intervention; recognition of the patient and family as essential elements of the ‘team’; the shift to a paradigm of valuing non-pharmacological interventions (alongside the necessary pharmacological prescription). In conclusion, ‘realistic optimism’ towards illness and global health in psychosis is possible and necessary but requires more and better-integrated healthcare systems.

Resumo A carga global da esquizofrenia implica desafios para doentes, famílias e sociedade; a atual compartimentalização dos serviços de saúde e o estigma associado à doença contribuem para respostas insuficientes. O presente artigo sublinha a importância dos cuidados centrados na pessoa. Procura, através da reflexão e debate, sensibilizar os médicos de família para a problemática associada ao diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, contribuir para a melhoria dos cuidados prestados ao doente e sua família, através da proposta de formas de atuação clínica que permitam uma maior e mais eficaz integração e continuidade entre os cuidados de saúde primários e hospitalares. Primeiro, realçando o papel dos cuidados de saúde primários, pela posição privilegiada que detêm e que permite: a deteção precoce de casos; o acompanhamento integrado da saúde dos doentes; a supervisão da adesão terapêutica; a promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis; a compreensão da pessoa no contexto sociocultural, pela proximidade com a família e restante comunidade. Segundo, assinalando alguns dos elementos essenciais para uma melhor a articulação entre os Cuidados de Saúde Primários e os serviços de psiquiatria e saúde mental a quem compete: a aferição diagnóstica; a elaboração de um plano terapêutico individualizado que inclua intervenção na crise; o reconhecimento do doente e família como elementos essenciais da “equipa”; a mudança para um paradigma de valorização de intervenções não-farmacológicas (a par da necessária prescrição farmacológica). Em conclusão, o ‘otimismo realista’ face à doença e saúde global nas psicoses é possível e necessário, mas exige mais e melhor integração e continuidade dos cuidados.

Resumen El “Valle de Majes” en la provincia de Castilla - Región Arequipa, posee una tradición en la producción de vino y pisco, a partir de vides introducidas a mediados del siglo XVI, que aún conservan algunos productores, con escaso conocimiento de la riqueza varietal que poseen, generando confusión en la identificación de variedades y desvalorando su potencial vitivinícola. En este trabajo se realizó una prospección varietal por zonas vitivinícolas, caracterizando las variedades locales de viñedos antiguos, con 14 descriptores primarios recomendados por la OIV-2009 e identificando genéticamente una muestra de 11 fenotipos con uso de marcadores moleculares 9-SSR al ser comparados en el registro de base de datos internacionales VIVC. Se identificaron siete zonas vitícolas del valle y 39 variedades con nominación local, formando inicialmente 13 grupos de diferentes nombres, que al ser analizadas mediante el análisis discriminante canónico y de componentes principales se evidencia alta variabilidad fenotípica inter e intragrupal por la influencia de algunos caracteres. En el análisis del color de baya predomina la coloración azul-negro. Se identificaron genéticamente 4 variedades registradas en el VIVC que corresponden a ´Listan Prieto` (sin. Negra Criolla y sin. Moscatel), ´Quebranta` (sin.Vinera), Muscat Hamburg (sin. Italia Negra) y Jacquez (sin. Borgoña Majeña) y 2 variedades no registradas “Cantarita” y “Aceituna de Cotahuasi”. Se observa una diversidad varietal con características de interés en la vitivinicultura y fitomejoramiento, con aporte en la identidad varietal de conocidas y nuevas variedades criollas, contribuyendo al valor patrimonial de la vid.

Abstract The “Majes Valley” in the province of Castilla - Arequipa Region, with a tradition in the production of wine and pisco, from grapevines introduced in the mid-sixteenth century, which are still preserved by some producers, with little knowledge of the varietal richness they possess, generating confusion in the identification of varieties and devaluing their winegrower potential. In this work, a varietal survey was carried out by wine-growing areas, characterizing the local varieties of old vineyards, with 14 primary descriptors recommended by the OIV-2009 and genetically identifying a sample of 11 phenotypes with the use of 9-SSR molecular markers when compared in the VIVC international database record. Seven wine-growing areas of the valley and 39 varieties with local names were identified, initially forming 13 groups of different names, which when analyzed by means of the canonical discriminant analysis and of main components, high inter- and intra-group phenotypic variability is evidenced due to the influence of some characters. In the analysis of the berry color the blue-black coloration predominates. Four varieties registered in the VIVC were genetically identified, corresponding to ´Listan Prieto` (syn. Negra Criolla and Moscatel), ´Quebranta` (syn.Vinera), ´Muscat Hamburg` (syn.Italia Negra) and ´Jacquez` (syn. Borgoña Majeña) and 2 unregistered varieties “Cantarita” and “Aceituna de Cotahuasi”. A varietal diversity with characteristics of interest in viticulture and plant breeding is observed, with contribution to the varietal identity of known and new creole varieties, contributing to the heritage value of the vine.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros de desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e cortes, qualidade de carne, atividade plasmática de glutationa peroxidase (GSH-Px) e deposição tecidual de selênio em frangos de corte alimentados com Se de fontes orgânica (Se-levedura) e inorgânica (selenito de sódio). Um total de 1.200 pintos Cobb 500, machos com um dia de idade, foram distribuídos inteiramente ao acaso em quatro tratamentos, com dez repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de dois níveis de Se-levedura (3.000 e 2.000 ppm), de selenito de sódio (45,7%), e da combinação entre selenito de sódio e 3.000 ppm de Se-levedura. Todas as dietas, à base de milho e farelo de soja, foram suplementadas com 0,3 ppm de Se. Entre os tratamentos, não houve diferenças quanto a desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e de cortes, e qualidade de carne. Dietas apenas com Se-levedura proporcionaram carnes com menores valores de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico. Observaram-se maior atividade de GSH-Px com 3.000 ppm Se-levedura e maior deposição muscular de Se com Se-levedura. As fontes de Se não afetam os parâmetros de desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça; no entanto, a fonte orgânica 3.000 ppm de Se-levedura resulta em maior deposição do mineral no músculo e maior estabilidade oxidativa da carne.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate performance parameters, carcass and cut yields, meat quality, plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and selenium tissue deposition for broilers fed with Se from organic (Se-yeast) and inorganic (sodium selenite) sources. A total of 1,200 Cobb 500 chicks, males with one day of age, were randomly distributed into four treatments with ten replicates. The treatments consisted of two Se-yeast levels (3,000 and 2,000 ppm), sodium selenite (45.7%), and the combination between sodium selenite and 3,000 ppm Se-yeast. All diets, based on corn and soybean meal, were supplemented with 0.3 ppm Se. Among treatments, there were no differences for performance, carcass and cut yields, and meat quality. Diets containing only Se-yeast provided meat with lower values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. A higher GSH-Px activity was observed with 3,000 ppm Se-yeast and a greater deposition of Se in the muscle tissue with Se-yeast. The sources of Se do not affect performance parameters and carcass yield; however, the organic source 3,000 ppm Se-yeast results in a greater deposition of the mineral in the muscle and in a greater oxidative stability in the meat.

Abstract Bioinspired membranes as extracellular matrices are desired for skin regeneration. Herein, we fabricate four systems of fibrillar membranes composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), aminolyzed PCL, denatured collagen type I (C), and the blend of collagen hydrolysate types I and III (bC) or elastin (E), fabricated by the electrospinning process. The superficial features by SEM and optical profilometry, mechanical properties by puncture strength assays, and biological evaluation with a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) for one day of aPCL6bCE (aPCL/collagen hydrolysate type I and III/Elastin), aPCL6CE (aPCL/denaturated Col I/elastin), aPCL6bC (aPCL/collagen hydrolysate type I and III), and PCL6bCE (PCL/collagen hydrolysate type I and III/Elastin) membranes are described. The aPCL6bCE and aPCL6CE fibers resulted in better structural properties for culturing cells, while aPCL6bC and PCL6bCE membranes have shown lower viability for keratinocytes, probably due to their different chemical surface and nanotopography. The roughness of these materials varied from 4.53 to 114.4 µm, depending on their diameter values. Puncture strength results were not significantly different within 2.25-2.66 MPa. Our results suggest that aPCL6bCE and aPCL6CE fibers have potential applications in skin tissue engineering, where the synergy among aminolyzed PCL and E seems to be a prerequisite to developing such activity.

ABSTRACT Background: Decreased levels of repressor element-1 silencing transcription (REST) factor in the brain, plasma, and neuron-derived exosomes are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The objective of the study was to test the viability of serum REST as a possible blood-based biomarker for AD, comparing serum REST levels in AD patients from a National Institute of Health in Mexico City (with different levels of severity and comorbidities), with elderly controls (EC) and young controls (YC). Methods: We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine serum REST levels in AD patients (n = 28), EC (n = 19), and YC (n = 24); the AD patients were classified by dementia severity and comorbidities (depression and microangiopathy) using clinimetric tests and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Mean serum REST levels did not differ between AD patients, EC, and YC. The severity of AD and the presence of depression or microangiopathy were not associated with serum REST levels. Conclusion: Our results differ from previously published patterns found for plasma and cerebral REST levels. Free serum REST levels may not be a viable AD blood-based biomarker. (REV INVEST CLIN. 2021;73(1):17-22)

Abstract Escherichia coli O157: H7 is one of the most important pathogens in ground beef, and the risk of contamination compromises its safety and quality. Thermal treatments are the main option to ensure food safety; although, the use of additional barriers such as the addition of antimicrobial agents increases safety margins against pathogens growth. In this work the effects and interactions of temperature (55- 65 °C), carvacrol (0-2%) and fat (5-20%) on thermal resistance (D-value) of E. coli O157: H7 in ground beef were evaluated using response surface methodology. Temperature was the main factor of inactivation, while fat exhibited a protective effect over the pathogen survival. There was an interaction effect between fat and carvacrol, at high concentrations of fat the carvacrol favored the inactivation of the pathogen. The optimal combination of fat, carvacrol and temperature that ensure the highest inactivation of the pathogen was 63°C, 11% fat and 1.6% carvacrol. The obtained model allow to predict the thermal resistance of E. coli O157: H7 in any combination of temperature, carvacrol and fat, within the limits studied.

Resumen Escherichia coli O157: H7 es uno de los patógenos más importantes que contaminan la carne y comprometen su seguridad y calidad. Los tratamientos térmicos son la opción principal para garantizar la inocuidad; aunque el uso de barreras adicionales como la adición de agentes antimicrobianos, aumentan los márgenes de seguridad contra los patógenos. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto y las interacciones de temperatura (55-65 °C), carvacrol (0-2%) y grasa (5- 20%) sobre la resistencia térmica (valor D) de Escherichia coli O157: H7 en carne molida de res utilizando la metodología de superficie de respuesta. La temperatura fue el principal factor de inactivación y la grasa mostró un efecto protector sobre el patógeno. Hubo un efecto de interacción entre la grasa y el carvacrol, a altas concentraciones de grasa el carvacrol disminuyó la resistencia del patógeno. La combinación óptima de grasa, carvacrol y temperatura que minimizan los valores D fue 63 °C, 11% de grasa y 1.6% de carvacrol. El modelo obtenido permite predecir la resistencia térmica de E. coli O157: H7 en cualquier combinación de temperatura, carvacrol y grasa, dentro de los límites estudiados.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigated the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy in reducing the time required for very low birth weight preterm newborns (VLBW-PTNB: < 1,500g and < 37 weeks) to achieve full enteral nutrition. METHODS Literature search was conducted using four databases, including gray literature, with additional manual search of the references of selected articles. Eligibility criteria consisted of randomized clinical trials, without restriction regarding the date or language of the publication. Two independent reviewers performed the article selection and data extraction. The random-effects meta-analysis used a non-standard technique to assess the mean difference in days to achieve full enteral nutrition, carried out by the Stata 15 statistic program. RESULTS The systematic review comprised 10 studies, and five were selected for meta-analysis, with a population of 764 VLBW-PTNB and gestational age of birth between 25 and 32 weeks. The studies were conducted between 2011 and 2018 in North America, Asia and Africa, with only one conducted in South America. Altogether, they reported the number of days it took 708 VLBW-PTNB to achieve full enteral nutrition, with newborns treated with immunotherapy showing a shorter time in only three studies. Meta-analysis showed a mean difference of -4.26 days, (95% CI -7.44; -1.08d), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 83.1%). CONCLUSION The use of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy can reduce the time for VLBW-PTNB to achieve full nutrition when compared to those who used a placebo or received routine care.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigated the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy in reducing the time required for very low birth weight preterm newborns (VLBW-PTNB: < 1,500g and < 37 weeks) to achieve full enteral nutrition. METHODS Literature search was conducted using four databases, including gray literature, with additional manual search of the references of selected articles. Eligibility criteria consisted of randomized clinical trials, without restriction regarding the date or language of the publication. Two independent reviewers performed the article selection and data extraction. The random-effects meta-analysis used a non-standard technique to assess the mean difference in days to achieve full enteral nutrition, carried out by the Stata 15 statistic program. RESULTS The systematic review comprised 10 studies, and five were selected for meta-analysis, with a population of 764 VLBW-PTNB and gestational age of birth between 25 and 32 weeks. The studies were conducted between 2011 and 2018 in North America, Asia and Africa, with only one conducted in South America. Altogether, they reported the number of days it took 708 VLBW-PTNB to achieve full enteral nutrition, with newborns treated with immunotherapy showing a shorter time in only three studies. Meta-analysis showed a mean difference of -4.26 days, (95% CI -7.44; -1.08d), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 83.1%). CONCLUSION The use of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy can reduce the time for VLBW-PTNB to achieve full nutrition when compared to those who used a placebo or received routine care.

RESUMO A adolescência é um período de transição, marcado por hábitos que podem influenciar a saúde dos indivíduos a longo prazo. Este estudo objetivou analisar a associação entre a prática de atividade física e o consumo alimentar em adolescentes. Trata-se de estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 1.570 adolescentes escolares de Montes Claros, MG. Analisou-se nível de atividade física e consumo de frutas, leguminosas, guloseimas e refrigerante. Foi realizada regressão logística (nível de significância 5%). Entre os adolescentes 80,8% foram classificados como pouco ativos e praticavam atividade física por pelo menos 60 minutos em menos do que cinco dias por semana. Em relação à alimentação, 85,2% e 34,3% dos adolescentes relataram consumo de leguminosas e frutas com frequência menor que três vezes por semana, respectivamente. O consumo cinco vezes por semana ou mais de guloseimas foi de 64,1% e refrigerantes de 90,3%. Os que consumiam frutas três vezes por semana ou menos apresentaram chance 40% maior de serem pouco ativos. Os que consumiam refrigerante com frequência superior a cinco vezes por semana apresentaram chance duas vezes mais alta de serem pouco ativos. Baixos níveis de atividade física foram associados ao consumo de frutas menor ou igual a três vezes por semana e de refrigerantes superior a cinco vezes por semana. Há necessidade de incentivo à promoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis quanto à prática de atividade física e ao consumo alimentar entre os adolescentes nos contextos escolar e familiar.

ABSTRACT Adolescence is a period of transition, marked by habits that can influence the health of individuals in the long run. This study aimed to analyze the association between physical activity and food consumption in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 1.570 school adolescents from Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. The level of physical activity and consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, and soda/soft drinks was analyzed. Logistic regression was performed (significance level 5%). Among adolescents, 80.8% were classified as not active and practiced physical activity for at least 60 minutes in less than five days a week. In relation to food, 85.2% and 34.3% of adolescents reported consuming legumes and fruits less than three times a week, respectively. Consumption five times a week or more of treats was 64.1% and soft drinks 90.3%. Those who consumed fruit three times a week or less were 40% more likely to be less active. Those who consumed soda more than five times a week were twice as likely to be little active. Low levels of physical activity were associated with consumption of fruit less than or equal to three times a week and soft drinks greater than five times a week. There is a need to encourage the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits regarding the practice of physical activity and food consumption among adolescents, in school and family contexts.

ABSTRACT The need for current generations to make adequate use of available resources, promote the protection and conservation of the environment and the confrontation with climate change, forced countries and organizations to develop strategies to align their actions with development objectives Sustainable Development (SDG). In this context, universities are an important scenario, recognized in the 2018 Regional Conference on Higher Education, where the challenges for Latin America and the Caribbean are established, in compliance with the 2030 agenda. The article aimed to develop a system of Indicators aligned with the SDGs and the Ecuadorian regulatory framework, their assessment scales and calculation method. It was based on the review of specialized literature, work with experts and statistical tools. The 30 proposed indicators, in relation to the environmental, economic and social dimensions, contribute to the evaluation of sustainability in Ecuadorian universities.

RESUMEN La necesidad de que las actuales generaciones, hagan un uso adecuado de los recursos disponibles, promuevan la protección y conservación del medio ambiente y el enfrentamiento al cambio climático, obligó a los países y organizaciones a desarrollar estrategias para alinear su actuación con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). En ese contexto, las universidades son un importante escenario, reconocido en la Conferencia Regional de Educación Superior del 2018, donde se establecen los desafíos para Latinoamérica y el Caribe, en el cumplimiento de la agenda 2030. El artículo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un sistema de indicadores alineados a los ODS y al marco regulatorio ecuatoriano, sus escalas valorativas y modo de cálculo. Se fundamentó en la revisión de la literatura especializada, el trabajo con expertos y herramientas estadísticas. Los 30 indicadores propuestos, en relación a las dimensiones ambiental, económica y social, contribuyen a la evaluación de la sostenibilidad en universidades ecuatorianas.

Abstract The investigation purpose is to elaborate a detailed review about previous published investigations with direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pumps (DX-SAHP) used for water heating, in the last years. The growing energy consumption, the using of refrigerants that weaken the ozone layer, the greenhouse gases emission to the atmosphere and the global warming effect are the main problems that the conventional water heating systems present. Using hydrocarbons as refrigerants represents a pollution reduction and it is also the best option to replace hydrochlorofluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons, due to their low values of global warming potential and ozone depletion potential, close to 0. A DX-SAHP system takes advantage of the thermal solar energy directly by using a bare flat-plate solar collector. These systems provide domestic hot water over 50 °C and heating water volumes until 200 liters reaching COP values higher than 4. Solar energy and the using of alternative refrigerants with a low environmental impact are proposed to reach this purpose.

Resumen El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar de forma detallada las distintas investigaciones realizadas con sistemas de bombas de calor de expansión directa asistidas por energía solar (DX-SAHP) utilizadas para el calentamiento de agua en los últimos años. El creciente consumo energético, el uso de refrigerantes que debilitan la capa de ozono, la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero a la atmósfera y los efectos en el calentamiento global, son los principales problemas que presentan los sistemas convencionales de calentamiento de agua. El uso de hidrocarburos como refrigerantes representa una reducción en la contaminación, además de ser una de las mejores opciones para reemplazar a los clorofluorocarbonos e hidroclorofluorocarbonos por sus valores de potencial de calentamiento global y potencial de destrucción de la capa de ozono cercanos a 0. Un sistema DX-SAHP aprovecha la energía solar térmica directamente, empleando un colector solar de placa plana sin cubierta. Esos sistemas proporcionan agua caliente sanitaria a más de 50 °C, calentando volúmenes de agua de hasta 200 litros, alcanzando valores de COP superiores a 4. La energía solar y el uso de refrigerantes alternativos de bajo impacto ambiental son propuestos para alcanzar este propósito.

Resumen Los daños ocasionados por ácaros fitófagos es uno de los principales problemas fitosanitarios con los que se enfrenta el cultivo de la zarzamora. La identificación de especies asociadas a este cultivo es una actividad fundamental para la implementación de un programa de manejo integrado de plagas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar las especies de ácaros fitófagos, depredadores y de otros hábitos asociadas a este cultivo. La investigación se realizó en dos huertos ubicados en los municipios Ziracuaretiro y Tacámbaro, en Michoacán, México y estos tuvieron como característica el tipo de manejo: convencional y no-convencional, respectivamente. En cada huerto se recolectaron, quincenalmente, 18 muestras durante un ciclo anual, de junio del 2015 a mayo de 2016. Los ácaros se montaron en preparaciones permanentes para su determinación taxonómica la que se realizó mediante claves especializadas. Se identificaron 17 especies de ácaros pertenecientes a diez familias, seis corresponden a fitófagas, seis son depredadoras y cinco con hábitos diversos. Seis de los 17 taxones identificados representan nuevos registros de ácaros asociados al cultivo de la zarzamora. El mayor porcentaje de ácaros (65,4 %) se recolectó en el huerto con un manejo convencional, mientras que la abundancia de ácaros depredadores fue mayor en el huerto con manejo no-convencional.

Abstract Damage caused by phytophagous mites is one of the main phytosanitary problems on blackberry crop. The mite species identification is a very significant activity to implement a program of integrated pest management. The aim of this study was to identify the species of phytophagous mites, predators, and other mites associated with blackberry crop in two locations of Michoacan, Mexico. The research was performed in two blackberry orchards located at Ziracuaretiro and Tacambaro municipalities, which had different type of management: conventional and non-conventional, respectively. In each orchard, 18 samples were collected at 15 d-intervals during an annual cycle, from June 2015 to May 2016. The collected mites were mounted in permanent slide for their taxonomic determination with specific keys with specific keys. Seventeen mite species belonging to ten families were identified, which six were phytophagous species, six were predatory, and five had varied habits. Six of the 17 taxa identified are new records of mites associated with blackberry crop. Most of the mites were collected in the conventional crop (65.4 %), while the abundance of predator mites was highest in the no-conventional crop.

ABSTRACT This work seeks the relationship between stomatal conductance, leaf temperature and soil moisture in the cultivation of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.), in the period of fruit ripening, in La Yarada irrigation, Tacna, Peru. A plot with 22-year-old olive trees, variety from Seville, in full production, with a planting frame of 7 x 7 m was used for the study. Measurements were made in the first stage, in a tree in a particular style. In the second stage, a total of 12 trees were used to measure conductance intensively. Temperature and stomatal conductance showed a significant adjustment, with a tendency to higher leaf temperature, greater stomatal conductance. Likewise, there is no correlation between the stomatal conductance and the volumetric moisture content of the soil. According to intensive measures of stomatal conductance, a typical tendency of peaks towards the average hours of the day is observed, finding a maximum value of 411 mmoles/m2s, in this period of fruit ripening in the olive tree.

RESUMEN Este trabajo busca la relación entre la conductancia estomática, la temperatura foliar y la humedad del suelo en el cultivo del olivo (Olea europaea L.), en periodo de maduración de frutos, en la irrigación La Yarada, Tacna, Perú. Se trabajó en una parcela con olivos de 22 años de edad, variedad sevillana, en plena producción, con marco de plantación de 7 x 7 m. Se realizaron las mediciones en una primera etapa, en un árbol en forma puntual. En una segunda etapa, se utilizó un total de 12 árboles para medir la conductancia en forma intensiva. La temperatura y la conductancia estomática arrojaron un ajuste significativo, y latendencia es a mayor temperatura foliar mayor conductancia estomática. Asimismo, no existe correlación entre la conductancia estomática y el contenido de humedad volumétrico del suelo. Según medidas intensivas de conductancia estomática, se observa una tendencia típica de picos hacia las horas medias del día, y se encuentra un valor máximo de 411 mmoles/m2s, en este período de maduración de frutos en el olivo.

RESUMO A enxaqueca é condição comum na população pediátrica e causa significativo impacto na qualidade de vida. Doenças atópicas estão entre as principais morbidades associadas. Objetivo Teorizamos que a rinite alérgica possa agravar a enxaqueca na população pediátrica. Métodos Este estudo transversal avaliou consecutivamente 90 pacientes pediátricos (46 crianças de 6 a 12 anos; 44 adolescentes até 18 anos) que procuraram assistência por enxaqueca em clínica neurológica de Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Eles e seus familiares responderam a três questionários para avaliar o diagnóstico de rinite alérgica, rinoconjuntivite alérgica e rinite alérgica sazonal, assim como a incapacidade causada pela cefaleia (ISAAC - International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood; CARATkids - Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test for Children; PedMIDAS - Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment). A pesquisa foi aprovada por comitê de ética. Resultados Crianças com rinoconjuntivite alérgica atual de acordo com o questionário ISAAC exibiram escores mais altos no PedMIDAS do que aquelas sem atopia (mediana e intervalo interquartil 26 [10–58] vs. 5 [1–13], p=0,008). Correlação significativamente positiva do escore no questionário CARATkids sobre o escore do PedMIDAS foi encontrada (p = 0,007, rho = 0,39). Após inclusão de outros fatores teoricamente envolvidos com a incapacidade secundária à enxaqueca (idade, índice de massa corporal, tempo desde o início das crises de enxaqueca) em modelo de análise de regressão linear múltipla, apenas o escore do CARATkids permaneceu com significância como variável independente relacionada ao escore do PedMIDAS (p = 0,001; R = 0,55; R2 = 0,30). Conclusões Rinoconjuntivite alérgica está relacionada ao aumento da incapacidade pela enxaqueca em crianças.

ABSTRACT Migraine is a common condition in the pediatric population and causes a significant impact on the quality of life. Atopic disorders are some of the migraine comorbidities. Objective We hypothesized that allergic rhinitis could aggravate migraine in the pediatric population. Methods This cross-sectional study consecutively evaluated 90 pediatric outpatients (46 children 6–12 years of age; 44 adolescents up to 18 years of age) who sought medical assistance because of migraine at a general neurology clinic in Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. They, and their parents, were given three questionnaires, to evaluate the diagnosis of current allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and seasonal allergic rhinitis, as well as the disability caused by headache (ISAAC - International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood; CARATkids - Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test for Children; PedMIDAS - Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment). The study was approved by the local ethics committee. Results According to the ISAAC questionnaire, children with current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the last year showed higher scores on the PedMIDAS than those patients without atopy (median and interquartile range 26 [10–58] vs. 5 [1–13], p = 0.008). A significant positive correlation of CARATkids scores with PedMIDAS scores was found (p = 0.007, rho = 0.39). After including other putative predictors of migraine disability (age, body mass index, time since onset of migraine) in a multiple regression analysis, only the scores on the CARATkids remained a significant independent variable correlated with PedMIDAS scores (p = 0.001; R = 0.55; R2 = 0.30). Conclusions Current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is related to enhanced disability caused by headache in childhood migraine.