ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and autograft on non-critical bone repair. Methods: Four bone defects (8.3 × 2 mm) were produced on the calvarium of 15 rabbits. The surgical defects were treated with either autograft, autograft associated to PRF, PRF alone, and sham. Animals were euthanized on the second, fourth or sixth posteoperative week. Histological analyses for presence of bone development on deffect was evaluated comparing the groups treated with autograft and without the autograft separately within the same period. Mann-Whitney’s tests were used to compare the percentage of bone repair in each post-operative period for autograft × autograft + PRF groups and also for control × PRF groups (α = 5%). Results: No differences were observed between the groups that received autograft and autograft associated to PRF on the second and fourth postoperative week, but areas treated with PRF demonstrated significant osteogenesis when compared to sham group on the fourth and sixth weeks. The groups that received PRF (with autograft or alone) demonstrated an enlarged bone deposition when compared to their control group. Conclusions: The use of PRF may influence bone repair and improve the bone deposition in late period of repair demonstrating osteoconductive and osteogenic properties.

Background: Prostate adenocarcinoma is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Despite often having a slow evolution, it still represents an important cause of death in oncology. Since its clinical results are very heterogeneous, there is a need to identify prognostic markers. Biomarkers are tools and technologies that can aid in this understanding. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of c-MET and ABCB5 in prostate adenocarcinoma and to analyze whether their expression correlates with prognostic factors. Method: 170 cases were selected through an active search in electronic medical records and review of physical records and anatomopathological reports. Immunohistochemistry was performed for the biomarkers c-MET and ABCB5 in all samples. Retrospective clinical data were collected and plotted in tables. Through TMA (tissue microarray) the tissues were submitted to immunohistochemistry by the peroxidase technique. Clinical and epidemiological information was cross-referenced with the result obtained by immunostaining and its statistical analysis. Results: Forty-seven men with a mean age of 61.6±6.9 (48-75), with a mean PSA of 11±9.7 (2.4-60.5) were included in this study. 2% had a Gleason score of 5 or 6 and 29, 1%, 7 or 8. Regarding tumor classification, 6 cases had T3a and 2 T3b staging. None had a tumor greater than T3b and there was 1 case of metastasis. With regard to biomarkers, there was positive labeling of c-MET in 32 cases and of ABCB5 in 5. Positive labeling had no statistically significant association with any of the prognostic factors evaluated. Conclusion: There was expression of c-MET and ABCB5 in the prostate cancer, but without association of them with prognostic factors.

Racional: O adenocarcinoma de próstata é uma das mais prevalentes neoplasias malignas em todo o mundo. Apesar de frequentemente ter evolução lenta, ainda representa importante causa de morte em oncologia. Uma vez que seus resultados clínicos são muito heterogêneos há necessidade de se identificar marcadores de prognóstico. Biomarcadores são ferramentas e tecnologias que podem auxiliar nessa compreensão. Objetivos: Avaliar a presença do c-MET e ABCB5 no adenocarcinoma da próstata e analisar se a expressão deles apresenta correlação com fatores de prognóstico. Método: Foram selecionados 170 casos através de busca ativa em prontuário eletrônico e revisão dos prontuários físicos e de laudos 2 anatomopatológicos. Foi realizada imunoistoquímica para os biomarcadores c-MET e ABCB5 em todas as amostras. Dados clínicos retrospectivos foram coletados e plotados em tabelas. Através de TMA (tissue microarray) os tecidos foram submetidos à imunoistoquímica pela técnica de peroxidase. As informações clinicoepidemiológicas foram cruzadas com o resultado obtido pela imunomarcação e sua análise estatística. Resultados: Foram incluídos neste estudo 47 homens com média de idade de 61,6±6,9 (48-75), com PSA médio de 11±9,7 (2,4-60,5), Dos incluídos, 70,2% tiveram escore de Gleason 5 ou 6 e 29, 1%, 7 ou 8. Em relação à classificação dos tumores, 6 casos tinham estadiamento T3a e 2 T3b. Nenhum apresentou tumor superior a T3b e houve 1 caso de metástase. Com relação aos biomarcadores, houve marcação positiva de c-MET em 32 casos e de ABCB5 em 5. A marcação positiva não teve associação estatisticamente significativa com nenhum dos fatores prognósticos avaliados. Conclusão: Houve expressão do c-MET e ABCB5 nos casos de câncer de próstata, mas sem associação deles com fatores prognóticos

Introduction: Simultaneously with the development of new biomaterials, numerous surgical modalities have been proposed, with the aim of promoting adequate regeneration of bone defects, without providing fenestrations or dehiscence. Among the regenerative techniques currently accepted for this purpose, guided tissue regeneration (GTR) stands out. Objective: To evaluate the healing pattern and the histological response of the organism to the insertion of a type A gelatin-based membrane, and to compare it with a commercial membrane. Methods: Fifteen adult rabbits were selected. In the parietal region of the calvaria, flaps were performed to create a supraperiosteal pouch and implantation of 2 types of resorbable membranes: Marquette membrane and Bio-Gide® membrane. After the surgical procedure, the animals were allocated into 3 randomly selected groups (n=5) for the period of euthanasia, which occurred at 2, 4 and 6 postoperative weeks. Subsequently, the calvaria areas were removed and stained by Hamp;E and analyzed for periosteum formation, inflammatory infiltrate in the area of membrane insertion, membrane degradation/resorption, and perimembrane fibrosis. Results: A slight inflammatory infiltration occurred around the Bio-Gide® membrane and it underwent resorption during the postoperative period with periosteum reconstruction, predominantly of a fibrous nature. The Marquette membrane also did not trigger an important inflammatory reaction. However, there was no significant resorption during the period; there was also significant formation of fibrous capsule surrounding the entire membrane area. Conclusion: The Marquette membrane produces tissue isolation reaction, minimizing periosteal formation while not providing its degradation

Introdução: Simultaneamente ao desenvolvimento de novos biomateriais, abundantes modalidades cirúrgicas têm sido propostas, com a finalidade de promover adequada regeneração de defeitos ósseos, sem proporcionar 2 fenestrações ou deiscências. Entre as técnicas regenerativas atualmente aceitas para este propósito, destaca-se a regeneração tecidual guiada (RTG). Objetivo: Avaliar o padrão de cicatrização e a resposta histológica do organismo frente à inserção de uma membrana a base de gelatina tipo A, e compará-la com membrana comercial. Métodos: Foram selecionadas 15 coelhas adultas. Na região parietal da calvária foram realizados retalhos para criação de uma bolsa supraperiostal e implantação de 2 tipos de membranas reabsorvíveis: membrana Marquette e membrana Bio-Gide®. Após o procedimento cirúrgico os animais foram alocados em 3 grupos randomicamente selecionados (n=5) para o período de eutanásia, que ocorreu em 2, 4 e 6 semanas pós-operatórias. Posteriormente, as áreas da calvária foram removidas e coradas por Hamp;E e analisadas para averiguar formação de periósteo, infiltrado inflamatório na área de inserção de membrana, degradação/reabsorção da membrana, e fibrose perimembranar. Resultados: Ao redor da membrana Bio-Gide® ocorreu discreta infiltração inflamatória e a membrana sofreu reabsorção ao decorrer do período pósoperatório com reconstrução de periósteo prevalentemente de caráter fibroso. A membrana Marquette também não desencadeou importante reação inflamatória. Contudo, não foi verificada reabsorção significativa durante o período, também ocorreu significante formação de cápsula fibrosa cerceando toda área membranar. Conclusão: A membrana Marquette produz reação de isolamento tecidual, minimizando a formação periostal ao mesmo tempo que não proporciona sua degradação.

Introduction: L-PRF (platelet and leukocyte-rich fibrin) is a concentrate of platelets and leukocytes in a fibrin network, obtained by autologous centrifugation collected at the time of the operation. It offers the advantages of low cost, easy preparation, simple acquisition and ability to accelerate the healing of soft and hard tissues. Objective: To evaluate the bone repair of non-critical defects in rabbit calvaria using L-PRF alone and in association with particulate autogenous bone. Method: Fifteen rabbits were used with blood collected and immediately centrifuged. Four non-critical defects measuring 8 mm in diameter were performed and filled with: 1) particulate autogenous bone; 2) particulate autogenous bone + L-PRF; 3) L-PRF only; and 4) without graft. They were sacrificed after 2, 4 and 6 weeks with the samples analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically comparing the regenerated areas. Results: At 2 weeks there was a statistical difference between groups 1 and 3; at 4 weeks there was between groups 2 and 4; and at 6 weeks between groups 1 and 4 and between 3 and 4. There was significant bone and proportional gain between 2 and 6 weeks for the L-PRF group. Conclusion: L-PRF alone had a positive and proportional effect on bone formation over the weeks.

Introdução: O L-PRF (fibrina rica em plaquetas e leucócitos) é concentrado de plaquetas e leucócitos em uma rede de fibrina, obtido pela centrifugação autóloga coletada no momento da operação. Oferece como vantagens o baixo custo, fácil preparo, de simples obtenção e com capacidade de acelerar a cicatrização de tecidos moles e duros. Objetivo: Avaliar o reparo ósseo de defeitos não críticos em calvária de coelhos utilizando o L-PRF isoladamente e em associação com osso autógeno particulado. Método: Foram utilizados 15 coelhos com sangue coletado e imediatamente centrifugado. Foram realizados 4 defeitos não críticos de 8 mm de diâmetro e tratados com preenchimento por: 1) osso autógeno particulado; 2) osso autógeno particulado + L-PRF; 3) somente L-PRF; e 4) sem enxerto. Foram sacrificados após 2, 4 e 6 semanas com as amostras analisadas histologicamente e histomorfometricamente comparando as áreas regenerada. Resultados: Com 2 semanas houve diferença estatística entre os grupos 1 e 3; com 4 semanas entre os grupos 2 e 4; e com 6 semanas entre os grupos 1 e 4 e entre 3 e 4. Houve ganho ósseo e proporcional significativo entre 2 e 6 semanas para o grupo de L-PRF. Conclusão: O L-PRF isoladamente teve efeito positivo e proporcional na formação óssea no decorrer das semanas.

ABSTRACT Purpose Herein we evaluated the effects of platelet concentrate (PC) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) on bone repair using noncritical defects in the calvaria of rabbits and compared them to the presence of TGF-β1 and osteocalcin on reparative sites. Methods Five noncritical defects of 8.7 mm in diameter were created on the calvaria of 15 animals. Each defect was treated differently, using autograft (ABG), ABG associated with PC (ABG + PC), ABG with PPP (ABG + PPP), isolated PPP, and blood clot (control). The animals were submitted to euthanasia on the second, fourth and sixth week post-surgery. Results The defects that received ABG+PC or PPP demonstrated lower bone formation when compared to specimens that received ABG in the same period. These results coincided to significant higher immunopositivity for TGF-β1 for specimens that received PC, and lower presence of cytokine in the group PPP. However, either higher or lower presence of TGF-β1 were also correlated to lower presence of osteocalcin. Likewise, these results were similar to findings in specimens treated only with PPP when compared to control. Conclusions PC and PPP were not effective when applied in association with ABG. Similarly, isolated use of PPP was not beneficial in optimizing the bone repair.

OBJECTIVES: The removal of pre-malignant colorectal lesions prevents cancer. Hyoscine has been proposed as a means of improving diagnosis by reducing colonic movements. The aim of this study was to analyze whether this anti-spasmodic enhances the detection of pre-malignant colorectal lesions. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blinded fashion patients received hyoscine or a saline solution in all consecutive colonoscopies in which the cecum was reached. Lesions were analysed with respect to number, size, location, histology and capillary pattern. RESULTS: A total of 440 colonoscopies were randomized. The overall polyp detection rate (PDR) and the adenoma detection rate (ADR) were 65.2% and 49.3%, respectively. In the hyoscine group, non-polypoid lesions were detected significantly more often (p=0.01). In the placebo group 281 lesions were diagnosed (202 adenomas) and in the hyoscine group 282 lesions were detected (189 adenomas) (p=0.23). The PDR and ADR were similar between the placebo and hyoscine groups (64% vs 66% and 50% vs 47%, respectively). No differences were observed between the two groups in the advanced-ADR or advanced neoplasia detection rate, as well the mean numbers of polyps, adenomas, advanced adenomas and advanced neoplasias detected per patient. The administration of hyoscine also did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of digital chromoendoscopy. The presence of adenomatous polyps in the right colon was detected significantly more frequently in the hyoscine group (OR 5.41 95% CI 2.7 - 11; p<0.01 vs OR 2.3 95% CI 1.1 - 4.6; p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The use of hyoscine before beginning the withdrawal of the colonoscope does not seem to enhance the PDR and the ADR.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeira) and Orbignya phalerata Mart. (babassu) in the healing process of cecorrhaphy in rats. METHODS : Fifty four rats were used, distributed into three groups randomly: aroeira, babassu and control, which were divided into three subgroups (six animals) according to the time of the deaths (7, 14, 21 days). All underwent the same surgical procedure, cecotomy and cecorrhaphy. The animals in group aroeira and babassu received daily dose of 100 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract and 50 mg/kg of aquous extract respectively, by gavage. The control group received only saline solution. The parameters evaluated were: macroscopic changes, ,resistance test to air insufflations and histological changes. RESULTS : All animals showed good healing without infection. All groups presented adhesions between cecum and neighboring organs. The resistance test insufflating of atmospheric air showed progressive increase of pressure according to the days in the aroeira group, and decrease in babassu group, without significant difference. Microscopy showed significant difference in the polymorphonuclear, hyperemia, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation and collagen histological variables in the 14th day. CONCLUSION : Hydroalcoholic extract of aroeira and the aqueous extract of babassu favored the healing process in cecorrhaphy in rats.

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar aspectos endoscópicos e histopatológicos de lesões superficialmente elevadas, com um ou mais centímetros de diâmetro, diagnosticadas por videocolonoscopias e ressecadas por mucosectomias do cólon distal com as do cólon proximal. Métodos: estudo foi retrospectivo, transversal, observacional, envolvendo 8075 videocolonoscopias. Avaliou-se 166 mucosectomias em 145 pacientes com lesões superficialmente elevadas com diâmetro igual ou maior do que 1cm. Resultados: a prevalência de lesões foi menor no G1 do que no G2 (34,9% x 65%). A média de idade, a distribuição por sexo e o tamanho (1,9cm no G1 e 2cm no G2, p=0,921) foram semelhantes. Não houve diferenças das superfícies em relação à localização (p=0,575). Considerando neoplasia intraepitelial de baixo grau, neoplasia intraepitelial de alto grau (incluindo carcinomas) e hiperplásicas, não houve diferença (p=0,527), assim como quando foram divididas as lesões neoplásicas em serrilhadas e não serrilhadas (p=0,124). Excluindo-se 13 lesões hiperplásicas e duas com carcinomas, 124 (82,1%) foram não serrilhadas e 27 (17,9%) serrilhadas. Conclusão: não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os aspectos endoscópicos e os histopatológicos das lesões superficialmente elevadas, com 1cm ou mais de diâmetro, ressecadas por mucosectomia do cólon distal em relação ao proximal. Embora não significante, há tendência à associação entre a localização da lesão e a presença de características serrilhadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare endoscopic and histopathologic features of superficial, elevated lesions with one or more centimeters in diameter, diagnosed by videocolonoscopy on the distal and proximal colon, and subjected to mucosal resection. Methods: we conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study involving 8,075 videocolonoscopies. From this total, we evaluated 166 mucosectomies in 145 patients with superficial, elevated lesions with a diameter equal to or greater than 1cm. Results: the lesion prevalence was lower in G1 than in G2 (34.9% vs. 65%). The mean age, gender distribution and size (1.9cm in G1 versus 2.0cm in G2, p=0.921) were similar. There was no difference of mucosal surfaces in relation to the location (p=0.575). Considering Intraepithelial neoplasias, both the low grade, high grade (including carcinomas) and hyperplasic ones showedd no difference (p=0.527), nor did the neoplastic lesions when divided into serrated and non-serrated (p=0.124). Excluding 13 hyperplastic lesions and two carcinomas, 124 (82.1%) were non-serrated and 27 (17.9%), serrated. Conclusion: were found no significant differences between endoscopic and histopathological aspects of superficial, elevated lesions of 1cm or more in diameter in distal colon compared with the proximal, when resected by mucosectomy. Although not significant, there was a tendency of association between the location of the lesion and the presence of serrated features.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE : To compare ileal anastomoses in the immediate postoperative healing period after meloxicam use. METHODS: Forty two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of 21, COX and control group. To COX meloxicam in combination with morphine was given in 3 days period. Control group received only morphine during the same period. Each group was divided into three sub-groups of 7, which were euthanized at 5, 10, and 21 days postoperatively. Comparison was based in histological evaluation of collagen type I and III using sirius red, immunohistochemical through vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9. RESULTS: Healing process in scheduled periods did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between the COX and control groups during any of the periods. CONCLUSION: The use of meloxicam in the postoperative period following ileal anastomosis did not affect healing.

RESUMO Racional: A obesidade é doença crônica e tem se tornado o problema de saúde pública mais prevalente em todo mundo. O impacto dela no joelho é grande e o IMC está correlacionado com as diferentes alterações existentes. Objetivo: Comparar a visualização do campo videoartroscópico na meniscectomia parcial de joelho em pacientes obesos e não obesos. Método: Foram selecionados 60 pacientes, sendo 30 obesos e 30 não obesos que realizaram meniscectomia parcial videoartroscópica. Os procedimentos videoartroscópicos foram gravados e posteriormente analisados. Foi utilizada na análise a classificação de visibilidade do campo videoartroscópico de Johnson (2000). Resultados: Foram analisados 48 homens e 12 mulheres com idade média de 42,9 anos e IMC de 21,56 a 40,14 kg/m2. A distribuição da visibilidade do campo cirúrgico foi: grau 1 - 38/60 (63,3%); grau 2 - 13/60 (21,6%); grau 3 - 6/60 (10%); grau 4 - 3/60 (5%). Conclusão: A artroscopia de joelho não demonstrou diferença significativa quanto à visualização do campo videoartroscópico em pacientes obesos e não obesos. Desta forma, não deve ser indicada como método preferencial de avaliação diagnóstica das alterações articulares nesses pacientes.

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity is a chronic disease and has become the most prevalent public health problem worldwide. The impact of obesity on knee is strong and the BMI is correlated with the different alterations. Aim: Compare surgical visualization of arthroscopic field in partial meniscectomy in obese and non-obese. Method: Sixty patients were selected, 30 obese and 30 non-obese who underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. The arthroscopic surgical procedures were recorded and analyzed. For the analysis of visualization was used the Johnson's classification (2000). Results: Were analyzed 48 men and 12 women, the average age was 42.9 years with BMI between 21.56 to 40.14 kg/m2. The distribution of visibility of the surgical field according to the classification was: grade 1 - 38/60 (63.3%); grade 2 - 13/60 (21.6%); grade 3 - 6/60 (10%); grade 4 - 3/60 (5%). Conclusion: Knee arthroscopy did not show a significant difference in the visibility of arthroscopic field in obese and non-obese patients. Thus, it should not be indicated as the preferred method of diagnostic evaluation of joint changes in these patients.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar, em relação ao uso de próteses, se a espuma de poliuretano apresenta maior reação de corpo estranho no organismo ao ser comparada com a espuma de silicone. Se há diferenças na vascularização das cápsulas formada ao redor das duas espumas implantadas. Se as cápsulas dos implantes de espuma de poliuretano apresentam quantidade maior de fibras colágenas ao serem comparadas com as da espuma de silicone. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 64 ratos albinos da linhagem Wistar, distribuídos em dois grupos de 34, grupo espuma de poliuretano e grupo espuma de silicone e receberam implantes discóides subcutâneos em seu dorso. Foram analisadas as cápsulas peri-implante com 28 dias, dois, três e seis meses após a introdução. A análise microscópica com H&E considerou as variáveis: inflamação aguda, inflamação crônica, reação de corpo estranho e neoformação vascular. A análise da coloração com picrosirius-red usando ImageProPlus considerou o número de vasos e colágeno tipo I e tipo III. RESULTADOS: Em relação à inflamação aguda e crônica, não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas nos dois grupos. Todos os animais do grupo poliuretano, em todos os momentos, apresentaram reação de corpo estranho moderada ou intensa e foi encontrada diferença estatística significativa (p=0,046) ao serem comparados com o grupo silicone, cuja reação era ausente ou discreta aos dois meses. A neoformação vascular apresentou diferenças significativas nos dois grupos, aos 28 dias (p=0,0002); o grupo poliuretano com H&E apresentava quantidade maior de vasos neoformados e o mesmo ocorrendo com o picrosirius, cujo número de vasos era maior que no grupo silicone (p=0,001). A área de colágeno em todos os momentos foi maior no grupo poliuretano, sendo significativa com 28 dias (p=0,001) e com dois meses (p=0,030). CONCLUSÕES: A espuma de poliuretano apresentou maior reação de corpo estranho no organismo do que a espuma de silicone. A quantidade de vasos foi maior na cápsula da espuma de poliuretano com 28 dias após o implante. Aos 28 dias as cápsulas dos implantes de espuma de poliuretano apresentaram quantidade significativamente maior de colágeno do que as de espuma de silicone.

PURPOSES: To evaluate whether polyurethane foam leads more intense foreign-body reaction than silicone foam. To compare the vascularization of the capsules surrounding the foam implants. To investigate if the capsule of polyurethane foam implanted has greater amount of collagen than that of silicone foam. METHODS: Sixty-four young male Wistar rats were allocated into two groups: polyurethane foam and silicone foam. Subcutaneous discs were implanted into the dorsum of the animals in both groups. The capsules were assessed 28 days, two months, three months and six months postoperatively. Microscopic analysis with H&E stain was performed to evaluate the acute and chronic inflammatory process, foreign-body reaction and neovascularization. The analysis with picrosirius red was performed using the ImageProPlus software, to measure the number of vessels and collagen types I and III. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between the two groups regarding the acute and chronic inflammatory processes. All rats from the polyurethane group, in all times, exhibited moderate or intense foreign-body reaction, with statistic significant difference (p=0.046) when compared with the silicone group, in which the reaction was either mild or nonexistent at two months. Vascular proliferation was significantly different between the groups at 28 days (p=0.0002), with the polyurethane group displaying greater neovascularization with H&E stain. Similar results were obtained with picrosirius red, which revealed in the polyurethane group a much greater number of vessels than in the silicone group (p=0.001). The collagen area was larger in the polyurethane group, significantly at 28 days (p=0.001) and at two months (p=0.030). CONCLUSIONS: Polyurethane foam elicited more intense foreign-body reaction when compared with silicone foam. The number of vessels was higher in the capsules of the polyurethane foam implants 28 days after the operation. The capsule of the polyurethane foam implants showed a greater amount of collagen than that of the silicone foam implants.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar por exame de tomografia computadorizada de pacientes submetidos à derivação gastrojejunal em Y-de-Roux, sem anel, para tratamento de obesidade mórbida. MÉTODOS: Estudaram-se 40 pacientes, encaminhados ao serviço de tomografia do Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba para avaliação diagnóstica. Encontravam-se em pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica tendo sido operados no mesmo hospital. Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos à operação laparoscópica com sintomas que necessitavam de avaliação tomográfica diagnóstica. Excluíram-se pacientes que tinham sido submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica por outras técnicas cirúrgicas; que tinham sido operados por outra equipe; que não concordassem com a administração de contraste iodado por via oral ou endovenosa; e que excediam o limite de peso da mesa de exame. Para análise estatística utilizou-se a média das variáveis. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes apresentaram-se com idade entre 23 a 70 anos e eram 11 homens e 29 mulheres. Não houve alterações extra-abdominais detectáveis pela tomografia de abdômen total; dos 40 pacientes avaliados, 30 apresentavam achados tomográficos dentro do limite da normalidade. A presença de estenose na anastomose gastrojejunal foi encontrada em um paciente; hérnia interna ocorreu em cinco; fístula anastomótica em um e abcesso em três dos pacientes estudados. CONCLUSÃO: A tomografia de abdome total não conseguiu informar a causa dos sintomas dos pacientes operados em 87,5% dos pacientes que procuraram re-avaliação médica por sintomas pós-operatórios da cirurgia bariátrica.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate by CT scan in patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass without a ring for treatment of morbid obesity that looked for medical assistance after the operation. METHODS: We studied 40 CT exams from patients attended at the radiology service with the intention to clarify abdominal complains. The patients were in post-bariatric surgical follow-up and were operated in the same hospital. We excluded patients who had undergone bariatric surgery by other surgical techniques, operated by another surgical team and the ones who did not agree with the administration of oral or intravenous iodinated contrast media and exceeding the weight limit of the examination table. RESULTS: The patients were aged from 23 to 70 years, 11 male and 29 female. There were no extra-abdominal changes, and 30 of the 40 patients had CT findings within normal limits. The presence of stenosis at the gastrojejunal anastomosis was found in one patient, internal hernias occurred in five, anastomotic leak in one and the presence of abscess occurred in three of patients. CONCLUSION: Total abdominal CT failed to inform the cause of the symptoms in 87.5% of patients seeking medical re-evaluation for symptoms of post-operative bariatric surgery.

RACIONAL: A principal causa de morte em pacientes com sepse em cirurgia é a síndrome de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos. Assim, modelos experimentais que simulem alterações orgânicas da sepse em humanos são necessários. OBJETIVO: Apresentar dois modelos que induzem a síndrome de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e comparar as alterações induzidas por inoculação endovenosa de 36UE de lipopolissacarídeo ou célula viável de Escherichia coli, em relação à: mortalidade e sobrevivência; nível de lipopolissacarídeo; liberação de fator de necrose tumoral alfa; alterações hematológicas e das funções hepática e renal. MÉTODO: Este estudo teve duração de sete dias e utilizou-se nele 50 ratos Wistar machos, divididos em três grupos: controle, lipopolissacarídeo e Escherichia coli. Os grupos experimento eram inoculados e separados em dois subgrupos, com inoculação a cada 24 ou 48 horas. No sétimo dia eram procedidas coletas de sangue e análise histopatológica de fígado, rins e pulmões. RESULTADOS: Houve sobrevivência de dez animais no grupo controle; zero no bacteriano de 24 horas e seis no de 48 horas; dez no lipopolissacarídeo de 24 horas e seis no de 48 horas. Nos grupos experimentais, os níveis de lipopolissacarídeo, fator de necrose tumoral alfa, leucócitos, plaquetas, bastonetes e as alterações renais e hepáticas foram superiores ao grupo controle. Houve alterações histopatológicas no grupo bacteriano. CONCLUSÃO: Os dois modelos de sepse induziram síndrome de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos, contudo a administração de 36UE de endotoxina a cada 48 horas pode ser utilizada com vantagens sobre os demais por não induzir morte em número significativo durante o período de sete dias.

BACKGROUND: The leading cause of death in patients with sepsis in surgery is syndrome of multiple organ dysfunction. Thus, experimental models that simulate organic changes of sepsis in humans are required. AIM: To present two models that induce the syndrome of multiple organ dysfunction and to compare, the changes induced, by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide or cell 36UE of viable Escherichia coli in relation to mortality and survival, level of lipopolysaccharide, release of tumor necrosis factor alpha ; hematological, liver and kidney function. METHOD: The study lasted seven days and it was used on it 50 male Wistar rats divided into three groups: control, lipopolysaccharide and Escherichia coli. The experimental groups were inoculated and divided into two subgroups, with inocuation with 24 or 48 hours. On the seventh day were proceeded blood collection and histopathologic analysis of liver, kidneys and lungs. RESULTS: There was a survival of ten animals in the control group; zero in bacteria group of 24 hours and six in 48 hours; ten of lipopolysaccharide in 24 hours and six in 48 hours. In the experimental groups, levels of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, leukocytes, platelets, renal and liver levels were higher than the control group. There were histopathological changes in the bacterial group. CONCLUSION: The two models of sepsis induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; yet the administration 36UE endotoxin every 48 hours could be utilized in advantage over the other for not induce death in significant numbers during the period of seven days.

RACIONAL: O câncer de esôfago está entre as seis neoplasias malignas mais comuns do mundo. Devido à sua grande agressividade clínica, o subtipo carcinoma epidermóide constitui um dos tumores de pior prognóstico, com alto índice de morbi-mortalidade. Marcadores de biologia molecular tem sido apontados como forte coadjuvante no diagnóstico e graduação de tumores. A angiogênese, evento essencial para a progressão tumoral, pode ser estudada pelo marcador CD34. OBJETIVO: Determinar por citofotometria, usando o sistema SAMBA 4000, a expressão do marcador CD34 no carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago e, correlacioná-los com dados clínico-patológicos (idade, sexo, grau de diferenciação do tumor, estadio, tamanho, localização, profundidade e acometimento de linfonodos). MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se 29 amostras teciduais de carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago utilizando-se coloração imunoistoquímica com marcador anti-CD34. A quantificação da expressão deste marcador foi realizada por citometria de imagem, pelo sistema SAMBA 4000 nas variáveis índice de marcagem e densidade óptica. A correlação entre subgrupos e análise estatística dos resultados foi realizada com o programa SPSS. RESULTADOS: A expressão média do marcador CD34 foi de 73,40% + 15,20 no índice de marcagem e 56,10 + 23,54 na densidae óptica. O CD34 não apresenta correlação estatisticamente significativa com as características clínico-histopatológicas estudadas (idade, sexo, grau de diferenciação do tumor, estadio, tamanho, localização, profundidade e acometimento de linfonodos). CONCLUSÃO: O marcador CD34 apresenta expressão no carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago, com maior valor no índice de marcagem em relação à densidade óptica. Ele4 não apresenta correlação com as características clínico-histopatológicas estudadas.

BACKGROUND: Esophagus carcinoma is rated among the six more common malignant neoplasias in the world. Due to its aggressive clinical presentation, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is well known to have one of the poorest prognoses, exhibiting high morbid-mortality rates. Molecular biology markers have been pointed out as great predictors in tumors diagnoses and staging. Angiogenesis, an essential event for tumor progression, can be studied using CD34 marker. AIM: To determine, by computerized image cytophotometric study, using SAMBA 4000, the expression of CD34 in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and correlate the results with the clinical-pathological data (age, gender, differentiation tumor graduation, staging, size, tumor localization, depth, and lymph node metastases). METHODS: Twenty-nine recovery of sampled-tissue squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were evaluated using immunohistochemistry staining with anti-CD34 marker. Analysis of tumor expression marker was submitted to SAMBA reading using the following parameters: labeling index and optical density. Correlations among samples and statistical analysis were possible using SPSS program. RESULTS: The average labeling index for CD34 was 73,40% + 15,20 and as for optical density was 56,10 + 23,54 pixels. CD34 doe not show significant statistical correlation with clinical-pathological features considered (age, gender, differentiation tumor graduation, staging, size, tumor localization, depth, and lymph node metastases). CONCLUSION: CD34 marker demonstrates expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, presenting a greater labeling index value than optical density. The respective tumor marker does not show correlation with the clinical-pathological features considered in the study.