ABSTRACT Pacas (Cuniculus paca) are highly hunted animals because of the flavor of their meat, and commercial breeding is recommended. However, this species has a relatively low reproductive rate. This study aimed to collect semen from pacas through electroejaculation and obtain the sperm parameters of this species for the first time. Seven male pacas were used, submitted to an anesthetic protocol before stimulation by an electroejaculator appropriate for the species. The stimulus protocol was performed in three series: series I, 10 stimuli with 1 and 2 V; series II, 10 stimuli with 3 and 4 V; and series III, 10 stimuli with 5 V and interval between series of 2 s. The collected material was evaluated for color, volume, motility, vigor, and concentration. The sperm parameters collected showed a mean volume of 0.43±0.33 mL, concentration of 45.5±42.44×106 sperm/mL, motility of 33.33±32.14%, and mean vigor of 2.6±1.15. In this study, the anesthetic protocol did not seem to favor semen collection by electroejaculation in the pacas. The electrical stimulation protocol was able to stimulate all animals in the study; however, there were few samples with sperm cells and a low rate of motility and vigor in most ejaculates.

RESUMO Pacas (Cuniculus paca) são animais altamente caçados devido ao sabor de sua carne, sendo a criação comercial delas, recomendada. Entretanto, é uma espécie com baixa taxa reprodutiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi efetuar coleta de sêmen em pacas por meio da eletroejaculação e da obtenção, pela primeira vez, dos parâmetros espermáticos dessa espécie. Foram utilizadas sete pacas machos, as quais, antes dos estímulos por eletroejaculador apropriado para a espécie, foram submetidas a protocolo anestésico. O protocolo de estímulo foi realizado em três séries: série I, 10 estímulos com 1 e 2V; série II, 10 estímulos com 3 e 4V; série III, 10 estímulos com 5V, e intervalo entre as séries de dois segundos. O material coletado foi avaliado quanto à cor, ao volume, à motilidade, ao vigor e à concentração. Os parâmetros espermáticos coletados demonstraram volume médio de 0,43±0,33mL, concentração de 45,5±42,44x106 espermatozoides/mL, motilidade de 33,33±32,14% e vigor médio de 2,6±1,15. Neste estudo, o protocolo anestésico parece não ter favorecido a coleta de sêmen por eletroejaculação em pacas. Entretanto, o protocolo de estímulos elétricos foi capaz de estimular todos os animais do estudo. Assim, chegou-se ao resultado de poucas amostras com a presença de células espermáticas, bem como baixo índice de motilidade e vigor na maioria dos ejaculados.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características reprodutivas dos grupos genéticos AquaAmérica não endogâmicos e endogâmicos, GIFT e AquaAmérica × GIFT. Foram utilizados seis peixes de cada grupo genético (duas fêmeas:um macho). As fêmeas foram examinadas quanto à presença de ovos na boca a cada quatro dias, durante 12 semanas. A reprodução ocorreu em todos os grupos genéticos (GIFT: 100%; AquaAmérica não endogâmica e AquaAmérica × GIFT: 75%; AquaAmérica endogâmica: 50%). Peso e comprimento padrão de fêmea, peso total de desova, fecundidade absoluta, fecundidade relativa, índice de desova e taxa de eclosão não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos genéticos. Entretanto, a variedade não endogâmica da AquaAmérica apresentou valores mais baixos (P<0,05) para diâmetro do ovo (2,4mm) e peso do ovo (4,2mg) e maiores valores (P<0,05) para número relativo de ovos (247,6 ovos/g de ovo ) que GIFT (diâmetro do ovo: 2,8mm; peso do ovo: 5,7mg; número relativo de ovos: 175,4 ovos/g de ovo) e AquaAmérica × GIFT (diâmetro do ovo: 2,8mm; peso do ovo: 5,9mg; número relativo de ovos: 168,8 ovos/g de ovo). Em conclusão, a variedade AquaAmérica não endogâmica produz ovos menores e mais leves, mas um número relativo maior de ovos que a variedade GIFT e o cruzamento AquaAmérica × GIFT; a consanguinidade afeta negativamente a taxa de desova.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive traits of the non-inbred and inbred AquaAmérica, GIFT and AquaAmérica × GIFTgenetic groups. Six fish from each genetic group were used (2 females:1 male). Females were examined for the presence of eggs in their mouth at every four days, for 12 weeks. Reproduction occurred in all genetic groups (GIFT: 100%; non-inbred AquaAmérica and AquaAmérica ×GIFT: 75%; inbred AquaAmérica: 50%). Female weight, female standard length, total spawning weight, absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, spawn index and hatching rate did not differ significantly between the genetic groups. However, the non-inbred AquaAmérica variety showed lower values (P<0.05) for egg diameter (2.4mm) and egg weight (4.2mg) and higher values (P<0.05) for relative number of eggs (247.6 eggs/g of egg) than GIFT (egg diameter: 2.8mm; egg weight: 5.7mg; relative number of eggs: 175.4 eggs/g of egg) and AquaAmérica ×GIFT (egg diameter: 2.8mm; egg weight: 5.9mg; relative number of eggs: 168.8 eggs/g of egg). In conclusion, the non-inbred AquaAmérica variety produces smaller, lighter eggs but a higher relative number of eggs than the GIFT variety and the AquaAmérica ×GIFT cross; and inbreeding negatively affects spawning rate.

RESUMO Avaliou-se a correlação entre estruturas fetais e extrafetais com a predição do dia antes do parto (DAP) em raças de cães miniaturas. Para isso, realizou-se um experimento, utilizando-se 12 cadelas, com peso corporal entre 3,0kg e 5,0kg, sendo seis da raça Chihuahua, duas da raça Shih-Tzu, duas da raça Spitz Alemão e duas da raça Yorkshire. Foram mensurados, por meio da ultrassonografia, diâmetro biparietal (DBP), diâmetro torácico (DTX), diâmetro abdominal (DAB), comprimento craniocaudal (CCC), diâmetro da cavidade coriônica interna (DCI) e espessura da placenta (EP), a partir do 15º dia após a última monta. Foram estudadas as correlações simples e a significância dos coeficientes de regressão linear simples e o coeficiente de determinação (R), com nível de significância estabelecido em P<0,05. Entre os parâmetros avaliados, DBP, DTX, DAB e CCC foram os mais correlacionados com tempo gestacional, podendo ser utilizados para prever dia antes do parto em cadelas de raças miniaturas.

ABSTRACT The correlation between fetal and extra-fetal structures with the pre-delivery prediction (DAP) in miniature dog breeds was evaluated. For this, an experiment was carried out using 12 bitches, with body weight between 3.0kg and 5.0kg, being 6 Chihuahua, 2 Shih-Tzu, 2 German Spitz and 2 Yorkshire breed. The Biparietal Diameter (BD), Thoracic Diameter (TD), Abdominal Diameter (AD), Crown-rump length (CRL), Internal Chorionic Cavity Diameter (ICD) and Placenta Thickness (PT) were measured by ultrasonography from the 15th day after the last mating. The simple correlations and significance of simple linear regression coefficients and the coefficient of determination (R) were studied, with a significance level of P<0.05. BD, T, AD and CRL were the most correlated with gestational time, and can be used to predict day before delivery in miniature breed bitches.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth curve of selectively bred and non-selectively bred tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). The experiment involved 388 fish (weight: 65.38 ± 20.00 g; age: 217 days), consisting of 252 fish from seven selectively bred families (18 fish per family) and 18 non-selectively bred fish (control group). Groups were placed in two 800-m² tanks. Biometric measurements were taken on nine occasions at 30-day intervals, for a period of 254 days. Weight and morphometric traits were evaluated. To describe the tambaqui growth behavior, we adopted the Gompertz nonlinear regression model. Greater growth (p < 0.05) was observed in selectively bred families compared with control group. Four families stood out with higher (p < 0.05) asymptotic values for weight (F1: 2448.7 g; F7: 2284.7 g; F5 2180.1 g; F4: 2080.5 g; and control: 1808.4 g) and other morphometric traits. None of the selectively bred families (except F5) had a higher growth rate and age at inflection point than the fish from control group. In conclusion, selectively bred and non-selectively bred fish present distinct growth curves, but some families have greatly superior growth.

RESUMO A utilização da gema de ovo dificulta a padronização de meios diluidores e apresenta riscos biológicos. Assim, este estudo avaliou diferentes concentrações da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL), em substituição à gema de ovo, para a confecção de diluentes para criopreservação espermática em ovinos. Foram utilizados um diluidor controle (CTR= 20% de gema de ovo) e cinco tratamentos, substituindo-se a gema pelas diferentes proporções de LDL (T1=6%; T2=8%; T3=12%; T4=16%; T5=20%), todos à base de TRIS-glicerol. Para o estudo, utilizaram-se dois ejaculados, de seis reprodutores da raça Santa Inês. Sessenta dias após a criopreservação, as amostras foram descongeladas e avaliadas subjetivamente quanto à motilidade total (MT, %) e progressiva (MP, %), ao vigor (1-5) e à integridade funcional (choque hisposmótico com água destilada, %) e estrutural (corante supravital eosina, %) das membranas espermáticas. As avaliações de vigor e funcionalidade de membrana não diferiram (P>0,05) entre os grupos. Entretanto, os grupos T4 (P<0,01) e T5 (P<0,05) foram superiores ao CTR para os parâmetros MT, MP e integridade estrutural de membrana, o que confirma que as LDLs podem ser alternativas eficientes para substituição da gema de ovo em diluidores para criopreservação de sêmen ovino.

ABSTRACT The use of egg yolk makes it difficult to standardize extenders and presents biological hazards. Thus, this study evaluated different concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to replace yolk extenders for production of sperm for cryopreservation in ovine. A control extender was used (CTR= 20% yolk) and five treatments, replacing the yolk by different ratios of LDL (T1= 6%; T2= 8%, T3= 12%; T4= 16%; T5= 20%) all based on TRIS-glycerol. For the study, two ejaculates from six Santa Ines breeding were used. Sixty days after cryopreservation, the samples were thawed and evaluated for total motility (MT, %) and progressive motility (MP, %), vigor (1-5) and the functional integrity (hyposmotic shock with distilled water, %) and structural (supravital dye eosin, %) of the sperm membranes. The evaluations of strength and membrane functionality didn’t differ (P> 0.05) between groups. However, T4 (P< 0.01) and T5 (P< 0.05) groups were superior to the CTR for the MT, MP, and membrane structural integrity parameters, which confirms that LDLs can be efficient alternatives for yolk replacement in extenders for cryopreservation of ovine semen.

ABSTRACT The homeopathy has been practiced for many years, mainly using rodent as a research model. Zebrafish have been used as an animal model in different scientific areas and may represent an important model in studies with this therapy. This paper aimed to evaluate the action of Homeopatila 100® on the growth, the action on the liver and reproduction of zebrafish. The study was carried out with 192 six months old animals. The experimental period was three months, being evaluated the growth, the hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes, the number of hepatocytes per area and the percentage of glycogen in these cells, performing the hepatic histology of males and females. It was evaluated the reproduction of the animals, checking the production and probability of hatching of the eggs. It was found that homeopathy increases the number of hepatocytes and glycogen in females, as well as improved the reproductive indices evaluated.

Resumo Objetivos: A capnografia volumétrica fornece o padrão de eliminação do CO2, pelo volume expirado por ciclo respiratório e avalia o comprometimento pulmonar. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a dinâmica respiratória de indivíduos controles saudáveis e em indivíduos com fibrose cística, em um protocolo de exercício submáximo por seis minutos em esteira, por parâmetros da capnografia volumétrica [slope 3(Slp3), Slp3/volume corrente (Slp3/TV) e slope 2(Slp2)]. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal com 128 indivíduos [(fibrose cística) 64 indivíduos; (controles) 64 indivíduos]. Os participantes realizaram capnografia volumétrica antes, durante e após seis minutos em esteira. Análise estatística realizada pelos testes de Friedman, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, considerado a idade e o sexo. Alpha = 0,05. Resultados: Avaliação de seis minutos em esteira: na fibrose cística, os parâmetros da capnografia volumétrica foram diferentes antes, durante e após seis minutos em esteira, o mesmo ocorreu nos controles, exceto para o Slp2. Considerando a idade: (Slp3) diferença na FC, independentemente da idade, em todos os momentos e nos controles apenas para ≥ 12 anos; (Slp3/TV) diferença para fibrose cística e controles independentemente da idade; (Slp2) diferença apenas para o grupo fibrose cística, independentemente da idade. Considerando o sexo: (Slp3 e Slp3/TV) diferença para fibrose cística, independentemente do sexo, e controles apenas no sexo masculino; (Slp2) diferença para fibrose cística e sexo feminino. Análise entre grupos (fibrose cística versus controles): Slp3 e Slp3/TV identificou a fibrose cística, independentemente da idade e sexo, enquanto o Slp2 evidenciou a fibrose cística considerando a idade. Conclusão: A fibrose cística apresentou maiores valores dos parâmetros antes, durante e após exercício, inclusive quando se considerou idade e sexo, podendo indicar não homogeneidade da distribuição da ventilação nas vias periféricas.

Abstract Objectives: Volumetric capnography provides the standard CO2 elimination by the volume expired per respiratory cycle and is a measure to assess pulmonary involvement. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the respiratory dynamics of healthy control subjects and those with cystic fibrosis in a submaximal exercise protocol for six minutes on the treadmill, using volumetric capnography parameters (slope 3 [Slp3], Slp3/tidal volume [Slp3/TV], and slope 2 [Slp2]). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 128 subjects (cystic fibrosis, 64 subjects; controls, 64 subjects]. Participants underwent volumetric capnography before, during, and after six minutes on the treadmill. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests, considering age and sex. An alpha = 0.05 was considered. Results: Six minutes on the treadmill evaluation: in cystic fibrosis, volumetric capnography parameters were different before, during, and after six minutes on the treadmill; the same was observed for the controls, except for Slp2. Regarding age, an Slp3 difference was observed in cystic fibrosis patients regardless of age, at all moments, and in controls for age ≥ 12 years; a difference in Slp3/TV was observed in cystic fibrosis and controls, regardless of age; and an Slp2 difference in the cystic fibrosis, regardless of age. Regarding sex, Slp3 and Slp3/TV differences were observed in cystic fibrosis regardless of sex, and in controls in male participants; an Slp2 difference was observed in the cystic fibrosis and female participants. The analysis between groups (cystic fibrosis and controls) indicated that Slp3 and Slp3/TV has identified the CF, regardless of age and sex, while the Slp2 showed the CF considering age. Conclusions: Cystic fibrosis showed greater values of the parameters before, during, and after exercise, even when stratified by age and sex, which may indicate ventilation inhomogeneity in the peripheral pathways in the cystic fibrosis.

RESUMO: O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de tripanossomose em uma propriedade leiteira no município de Timon no estado do Maranhão, Brasil. O proprietário relatava histórico de abortos, nascimentos de crias fracas e mortalidade de animais adultos com perda progressiva de peso. Foram realizadas visitas à propriedade para obtenção do histórico, exame dos animais e coleta de sangue para realização do teste de Woo, hemogramas, testes sorológicos para pesquisa de anticorpos contra tripanossomose, leptospirose, e neosporose e PCR para diagnóstico molecular de Trypanosoma vivax. A identificação de animais com baixos valores no hematócrito foi a principal alteração hematológica identificada no rebanho. Dois animais foram positivos no teste de Woo, sendo visualizados tripanossomas em esfregaços sanguíneos, confirmados por meio de diagnóstico molecular como sendo T. vivax. Identificou-se que 95,23% (40/42) dos animais com hematócrito baixo foram sorologicamente positivos para T. vivax. As condições identificadas na propriedade, como ambiente propício aos vetores mecânicos, a presença de animais silvestres e a introdução de animais de estados onde já haviam sido registrados surtos de tripanossomose provavelmente estiveram associadas à introdução e disseminação do agente no rebanho. O elevado número de animais sorologicamente positivos para tripanossomose 82,51% (151/183) demonstra que praticamente todo o rebanho teve contato com o agente. O rápido estabelecimento das medidas de controle, entre elas a utilização das drogas tripanocidas, contribuiu para o controle do surto. O estudo permitiu comprovar a ocorrência de mais um surto de tripanossomíase tripanossomose no Brasil. O diagnóstico clínico da enfermidade foi dificultado pela semelhança dos sinais clínicos com outras enfermidades e pela possibilidade da associação de duas ou mais doenças no mesmo paciente, o que ressalta a importância do estabelecimento de medidas diagnósticas adequadas como forma de evitar a disseminação da enfermidade e minimizar as perdas econômicas dos produtores.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of trypanosomiasis in a dairy farm in municipality of Timon, State of Maranhão, Brazil. The owner reported abortus, births of weak calves, and mortality of adult animals with progressive weight loss. Visits to the property were carried out to obtain the history, realize animal examination and blood collection for the Woo test, hemograms, serological tests for trypanosomiasis, leptospirosis, and neosporosis and PCR for molecular diagnosis of Trypanosoma vivax. The identification of animals with low values in the hematocrit was the main hematological alteration identified in the herd. Two animals were positive in the Woo test and trypanosomes were visualized in blood smears, confirmed by molecular diagnosis as T. vivax. It was identified that 95.23% (40/42) of the animals with low hematocrit were serologically positive for T. vivax. The conditions identified in the property as an environment propitious to mechanical vectors, the presence of wild animals and the introduction of animals from states where trypanosomiasis outbreaks had already been reported were probably associated with the introduction and dissemination of the agent in the herd. The high number of serologically positive animals for trypanosomiasis 82.51% (151/183) shows that almost all the herd had contact with the agent. The rapid establishment of control measures, including the use of trypanocidal drugs, contributed to the control of the outbreak. The study allowed confirming the occurrence of another outbreak of trypanosomiasis in Brazil. The clinical diagnosis of the disease was difficult by the similarity of the clinical signs of trypanosomiasis with other diseases and the possibility of association of two or more diseases in the same patient, which emphasizes the importance of establishing adequate diagnostic measures as a way to avoid the dissemination of the disease and to minimize the economic losses of the producers.

The aims of this study were 1) to characterize the intensity of the vibration stimulation in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to a control group of healthy women (HW) matched by age and anthropometric parameters, and 2) to investigate the effect of a single session of whole body vibration (WBV) on inflammatory responses. Levels of adipokines, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFr1, sTNFr2), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was estimated by a portable gas analysis system, heart rate (HR) was measured using a HR monitor, and perceived exertion (RPE) was evaluated using the Borg scale of perceived exertion. Acutely mild WBV increased VO2 and HR similarly in both groups. There was an interaction (disease vs vibration) in RPE (P=0.0078), showing a higher RPE in FM compared to HW at rest, which further increased in FM after acute WBV, whereas it remained unchanged in HW. In addition, there was an interaction (disease vs vibration) in plasma levels of adiponectin (P=0.0001), sTNFR1 (P=0.000001), sTNFR2 (P=0.0052), leptin (P=0.0007), resistin (P=0.0166), and BDNF (P=0.0179). In conclusion, a single acute session of mild and short WBV can improve the inflammatory status in patients with FM, reaching values close to those of matched HW at their basal status. The neuroendocrine mechanism seems to be an exercise-induced modulation towards greater adaptation to stress response in these patients.

ABSTRACT In this paper, the existence of a genotype x environment interaction for the average daily weight in GIFT Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in different regions in the state of Paraná (Brazil) was analyzed. The heritability results were high in the uni-characteristic analysis: 0.71, 0.72 and 0.67 for the cities of Palotina (PL), Floriano (FL) and Diamond North (DN), respectively. Genetic correlations estimated in bivariate analyzes were weak with values between 0.12 for PL-FL, 0.06 for PL and 0.23 for DN-FL-DN. The Spearman correlation values were low, which indicated a change in ranking in the selection of animals in different environments in the study. There was heterogeneity in the phenotypic variance among the three regions and heterogeneity in the residual variance between PL and DN. The direct genetic gain was greater for the region with a DN value gain of 198.24 g/generation, followed by FL (98.73 g/generation) and finally PL (98.73 g/generation). The indirect genetic gains were lower than 0.37 and greater than 0.02 g/generation. The evidence of the genotype x environment interaction was verified, which indicated the phenotypic heterogeneity of the variances among the three regions, weak genetic correlation and modified rankings in the different environments.

RESUMO O objetivo desse relato de caso foi descrever os achados clínicos e manejo terapêutico de um caso de adenocarcinoma papilífero do cólon descendente em um Beagle. O paciente apresentou fezes amolecidas, hematoquesia, tenesmo e disquesia. Exame clínico revelou alteração de achados ultrassonográficos do cólon descendente sugerindo colite e neoplasia. Após ressecção de massa local, análise histopatológica revelou enterite linfmoplasmocito leve e adenocarcinoma papilar do cólon. Enterectomia para ressecção tumoral e biopsia das lesões locais e tumores linfonodais foram realizadas. Após procedimento cirúrgico foi possível confirmar o diagnóstico prévio e o tumor foi classificado como adenocarcinoma papilar intraluminal intestinal, com margens cirúrgicas incompletas. Quimioterapia adjuvante foi realizada utilizando carboplatina, ciclofosfamida e piroxano, levando a remissão de sinais clínicos e ausência de alterações de imagem compatíveis com situação clínica prévia do paciente.

ABSTRACT The aim of this report was to describe the clinical findings and therapeutic management of a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the descending colon in a Beagle. The patient presented soft stools, haematochezia, tenesmus, and dyschezia. Clinical examination revealed alterations on the ultrasonographic features of the descending colon suggestive of colitis and neoplasia. Following local mass resection, histopathology analysis revealed mild lymphoplasmocytic enteritis and papillary adenocarcinoma of the colon. Enterectomy for tumoral resection and biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes were carried out. Subsequent to the surgical procedure, it was possible to confirm the previous diagnosis and the tumor was classified as intestinal intraluminal papillary adenocarcinoma, with incomplete surgical margins. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed using carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and piroxicam, leading to remission of clinical signs and absence of any clinical or imaging alterations compatible with the patient’s previous clinical condition.

RESUMO Criadores de animais silvestres sempre buscam métodos eficientes de manter sua criação. Parasitos intestinais afetam os animais em cativeiro, diminuindo sua sobrevivência e reprodução. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do uso de cal virgem na desinfecção do solo e na prevenção da reinfestação de endoparasitos em pacas (Cuniculus paca) em cativeiro. Amostras de solo das baias de criação foram analisadas usando-se o método de Rugai modificado. Duas etapas foram avaliadas: a primeira aos cinco, 45 e 105 minutos após os tratamentos, e a segunda aos sete dias e aos 14 dias após os tratamentos. Os valores de pH das amostras foram verificados após a aplicação de quatro tratamentos. Foram aplicados 400g/m2 de cal virgem a lanço ou 500mL/m2 de três soluções de cal virgem (10%, 20% ou 40% p/v). Na primeira etapa, a cal a lanço foi ineficaz na modificação do pH do solo e no controle de parasitos. A solução a 10% proporcionou o melhor controle dos parasitos. Na segunda etapa, as soluções foram eficazes na elevação do pH, porém não houve diferença significativa nos achados larvais. Concluiu-se que, nas condições do estudo, a solução a 10% aumentou o pH do solo e teve boa capacidade de inativação dos ovos de Strongyloides sp., o que economicamente é interessante. Porém, para o controle eficiente de Strongyloides sp. em cativeiros de pacas, deve-se considerar a frequência da aplicação de soluções com até 20% de cal, juntamente com a adoção de um programa de vermifugação.

ABSTRACT Wild animal breeders are always looking for effective ways to care for their livestock. Intestinal parasites affect animals in captivity, reducing their survival and reproduction. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of quicklime for use in soil disinfection and prevention of reinfection of endoparasites in paca (Cuniculus paca) kept in captivity. Soil samples of pacas’ stalls were analyzed using the modified Rugai method. Two experimental stages were evaluated; the first at 5, 45 and 105 minutes after treatment and the second at 7 days and 14 days after treatment. The pH values of the samples were checked after the application of four treatments. An application of 400g/m2 of quicklime spread out on ground or 500mL/m2 of three lime solutions (10%, 20% or 40%, w / v) applied on ground. In the first stage, the lime spread out on soil was ineffective in parasites control, while the 10% solution provided the best control of parasites. In the second stage, the solutions were effective in raising the pH, but there was no significant difference in larval findings. In conclusion, under the conditions of the study, 10% solution increased the soil pH and had good ability to inactivate the eggs of Strongyloides sp.; that is economically interesting. However, for effective control of Strongyloides sp. in pacas kept captive, both the frequency of application of solutions up to 20% of lime and the adoption of a good worming schedule should be taken into consideration.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar e comparar a função pulmonar de crianças e adolescentes obesos e eutróficos saudáveis, sem asma, pela espirometria e capnografia volumétrica. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 77 indivíduos (38 obesos) entre cinco e 17 anos. Todos fizeram espirometria e capnografia volumétrica. Os obesos repetiram as avaliações após o uso de broncodilatador. Resultados: Na avaliação da espirometria, os indivíduos obesos, quando comparados com o grupo controle, apresentaram menores valores no volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo pela capacidade vital forçada (VEF1/CVF) e nos fluxos expiratórios a 75% da CVF e entre 25-75% da mesma (p < 0,05). A capnografia volumétrica demonstrou que os obesos apresentam maior volume produzido de dióxido de carbono e volume corrente alveolar (p < 0,05). Além disso, a relação entre o volume espaço morto e volume corrente, bem como o slope da fase 3 normalizado pelo volume corrente, foi menor nos indivíduos saudáveis (p < 0,05). Esses dados sugerem que a obesidade não altera a homogeneidade da ventilação, mas sim dos fluxos. Ao subdividir os grupos por idade, foi observada maior diferença na função pulmonar entre indivíduos obesos e saudáveis na faixa acima de 11 anos (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Mesmo sem o diagnóstico de asma por critérios clínicos e sem resposta ao uso de broncodilatador, os indivíduos obesos apresentaram menores valores no VEF1/CVF e nos fluxos expiratórios forçados, o que indica a presença de processo obstrutivo. A capnografia volumétrica indicou nos indivíduos obesos maior volume corrente alveolar, sem alterações na homogeneidade da ventilação, o que sugere alteração nos fluxos, sem comprometimento dos volumes pulmonares.

Abstract Objective: To analyze and compare lung function of obese and healthy, normal-weight children and adolescents, without asthma, through spirometry and volumetric capnography. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 77 subjects (38 obese) aged 5-17 years. All subjects underwent spirometry and volumetric capnography. The evaluations were repeated in obese subjects after the use of a bronchodilator. Results: At the spirometry assessment, obese individuals, when compared with the control group, showed lower values of forced expiratory volume in the first second by forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and expiratory flows at 75% and between 25 and 75% of the FVC (p < 0.05). Volumetric capnography showed that obese individuals had a higher volume of produced carbon dioxide and alveolar tidal volume (p < 0.05). Additionally, the associations between dead space volume and tidal volume, as well as phase-3 slope normalized by tidal volume, were lower in healthy subjects (p < 0.05). These data suggest that obesity does not alter ventilation homogeneity, but flow homogeneity. After subdividing the groups by age, a greater difference in lung function was observed in obese and healthy individuals aged >11 years (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Even without the diagnosis of asthma by clinical criteria and without response to bronchodilator use, obese individuals showed lower FEV1/FVC values and forced expiratory flow, indicating the presence of an obstructive process. Volumetric capnography showed that obese individuals had higher alveolar tidal volume, with no alterations in ventilation homogeneity, suggesting flow alterations, without affecting lung volumes.

RESUMO A presença de plantas daninhas e de nematoides pode afetar a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar. Nesta pesquisa, foi avaliado se plantas daninhas com elevada frequência nos canaviais podem ser hospedeiras dos nematoides-das-galhas: Meloidogyne incognita ou Meloidogyne javanica. Foram avaliadas, quanto à hospedabilidade dos nematoides, dez espécies de plantas daninhas, além de uma testemunha (tomateiro), inoculadas com M. incognita ou M. javanica. As plantas foram inoculadas com 2.000 ovos e juvenis de segundo estádio (J2), sendo que havia três plantas por unidade experimental (6.000 ovos e J2 por vaso - repetição); 60 dias após a inoculação (DAI), as plantas foram retiradas e avaliadas segundo o fator de reprodução (FR), a população final de nematoides (PF) e o índice de reprodutividade (IR). Com relação à hospedabilidade, verificou-se que Luffa aegyptiaca comportou-se como hospedeira de ambos os nematoides, com FR > 1, sendo superior à testemunha. Digitaria horizontalis foi classificada como hospedeira de M. incognita e não hospedeira de M. javanica. Mucuna aterrima e Crotalaria spectabilis apresentaram os menores FR e PF. Ricinus communis e Ipomoea triloba apresentaram galhas quando inoculadas com M. incognita, mas não foram consideradas hospedeiras por apresentarem FR < 1. Nenhuma das espécies plantas daninhas foi considerada imune, ou seja, com FR = 0. Os menores valores do FR de M. incognita (raça 3) foram relacionados às plantas Crotalaria spectabilis e Euphorbia heterophylla. Isso demonstra a capacidade da crotalária em diminuir a população de nematoides e justifica seu uso em diversas áreas antes do plantio de culturas principais.

ABSTRACT The presence of weeds and nematodes can affect of sugarcane yield. This research evaluated whether weeds that are very frequent in mechanized harvested sugarcane can be hosts for root-knot nematodes: Meloidogyne incognita or Meloidogyne javanica. Regarding nematode hospitability, ten weed species as well as a control sample (tomato) were evaluated; they were inoculated with M. incognita and M. javanica. The plants were inoculated with 2,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2), and there were three plants per experimental unit (6,000 eggs and J2 per pot - repeatition); 60 days after inoculation (DAI), the plants were removed and evaluated according to reproduction factor (RF), nematode final population (FP) and reproducibility index (RI). Regarding weed hospitability, it was found that Luffa aegyptiaca acted as a host for both nematodes, with RF > 1, which was higher than the control sample. Digitaria horizontalis was classified as a host for M. incognita and as a non-host for M. javanica. Mucuna aterrima and Crotalaria spectabilis presented the lowest RF and FP. Ricinus communis and Ipomoea triloba presented galls when inoculated with M. incognita, but were not considered host, since they presented RF < 1. None of the weed species was considered immune, i.e., with RF = 0. The lowest RF values of M. incognita (race 3) were related to Crotalaria spectabilis and Euphorbia heterophylla plants. This demonstrates the ability of crotalarias in decreasing nematode population in the field and justifies its use in several areas before planting main crops.

ABSTRACT Genetic parameters for reproductive traits in female Nile tilapia were estimated in this study using Bayesian inference method. The data set presented information from 451 Nile tilapia females that were evaluated at two different places in Maringá - Paraná - Brazil (hapas of 1 and 10 m³) and at one location in Alfenas - Minas Gerais - Brazil. A spawning examination was conducted once a week from October 2012 to March 2013 for a total of 23 weeks of evaluation. Single-trait analyses for spawning success, multiple spawning, spawning frequency, and volume of eggs/female were performed by using the software MTGSAM Threshold. The heritability estimates were 0.14, 0.16, 0.53, and 0.08 for spawning success, multiple spawning, spawning frequency and volume of eggs/female, respectively, indicating it is possible to achieve a substantial genetic gain using these reproductive traits as selection criteria.