Abstract Aim: To investigate if treadmill exercise (Ex) associated with fish oil (FO) supplementation during lactation would influence the biochemical profile as well as the oxidative balance in the hearts of male juvenile rats. Methods: Fifteen days-old rats were submitted to a daily moderate Ex training (based on their maximal running capacity) and FO supplementation for 4 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, blood fasting glucose and lipid profile were assessed according to the manufacturer's recommendations, while the oxidative status of the hearts was evaluated via colorimetric and absorbance-based assays. Results: FO associated with Ex decreased triglycerides (TG-79.27 ± 5.75 to 60.24 ± 6.25 mg/dL) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (VLDL-15.85 ± 1.15 to 12.05 ± 1.25 mg/dL) when compared to sedentary animals. FO, alone, reduced atherogenic index (AI- 1.14 ± 0.03 vs. 1.01 ± 0.04 a.u) while increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-43.90 ± 2.50 vs. 59.43 ± 3.15 mg/dL) of sedentary animals. Additionally, both Ex (67.3 ± 13.5 nmol/mg prot) and FO supplementation (56.6 ± 5.5 nmol/mg prot) decreased the oxidative damage to lipids in non-trained animals (105.8 ± 10.8 nmol/mg prot). The interventions also protected the protein content from oxidative stress (Ex- 5.15 ± 0.46; FO- 4.5 ± 0.5; and vehicle sedentary-7.3 ± 0.6 µmol/mg prot), while increasing the antioxidant defense and oxidative metabolism. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that intervention in juvenile rats can improve cardiac metabolism. These are the first findings to show the positive effects of the association between FO and moderate treadmill Ex during the critical period of development. We believe these results can drive early-life origins of heart disease through different avenues and, possibly, assist the development of a heart disease prevention program as well as an adjunctive therapeutic resource.

A diferenciação de bactérias causadoras de faringites através de métodos microbiológicos clássicos é muito eficiente, na maior parte dos casos. Todavia, o elevado custo dos reagentes e o tempo necessário para tais determinações, cerca de 4 dias, podem causar sérias conseqüências, quando os pacientes são crianças, idosos ou adultos com baixa resistência imunológica. Assim, a pesquisa por métodos espectroscópicos de baixo custo, que permitam tais determinações com pouco uso de reagentes e em curtos intervalos de tempo é extremamente relevante. Neste trabalho os principais microrganismos causadores de faringites, S. aureus, S. pyogenes and N. gonorrhoeae foram avaliados. Foram preparadas sessenta dispersões para cada um dos microrganismos, usando solução fisiológica como solvente, e seus espectros adquiridos. Os espectros Raman foram obtidos usando um laser de diodo operando na região do infravermelho próximo. A análise dos espectros foi feita usando PLS-discriminante. Esta abordagem permitiu classificar corretamente 100% de todas as bactérias avaliadas e amostras reais provenientes do laboratório de análises clinicas, em reduzido intervalo de tempo (ca. 10 h), com uso de espectrômetro Raman portátil, que pode ser facilmente usado em de Unidades de Tratamento Intensivo (UTI) e ambientes clínicos.

The diagnosis of the bacteria that cause pharyngitis through classical microbiological methods is a difficult, but usually very efficient task. However, the high cost of reagents and the time required for such identifications, about four days, could generate serious consequences, mainly when the patients concerned are children, the elderly or adults with low resistance. Thus, the search for new methods allowing a fast and reagentless differentiation of these microorganisms is extremely relevant. In this work, the main microorganisms responsible for pharyngitis, S. aureus, S. pyogenes and N. gonorrhoeae were studied. For each microorganism, sixty different dispersions were prepared using physiological solution as solvent. The Raman Spectra of these dispersions were recorded using a diode laser operating in the near infrared region. The PLS-discriminant analysis method was applied to bacteria differentiation through their respective Raman Spectra. This approach enabled the correct classification of 100% of all evaluated bacteria and unknown samples coming from clinical environment, in a reduced time interval (ca. 10 h), by using a low-cost, portable Raman spectrometer, which can be easily used in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and clinical environments.

A diferenciação de bactérias causadoras de gastrenterites através de métodos microbiológicos clássicos é muito eficiente, na maior parte dos casos. Todavia, o elevado custo dos reagentes e o tempo necessário para tais determinações, cerca de 4 dias, podem causar sérias conseqüências, quando os pacientes são crianças, idosos ou adultos com baixa resistência imunológica. Assim, a pesquisa por métodos espectroscópicos de baixo custo, que permitam tais determinações com pouco uso de reagentes e em curtos intervalos de tempo é extremamente relevante. Neste trabalho os principais microrganismos causadores de gastrenterites, E. coli, S. chroleraesuis, S. flexneri foram avaliados. Foram preparadas sessenta dispersões para cada um dos microrganismos, usando solução fisiológica como solvente, e seus espectros adquiridos. Os espectros obtidos foram muito similares, tornando muito difícil a diferenciação dos microrganismos. Entretanto, aplicando a teoria de correlação generalizada em 2D, foi possível diferenciar os microrganismos avaliados usando o espectro síncrono como "impressão digital do organismo" em um curto intervalo de tempo (~10h).

The discrimination of the bacteria that cause gastroenteritis through classical microbiological methods is very efficient in the great majority of the cases. However, the high cost of chemicals and the time spent for such identifications, about four days, could generate serious consequences for the patients. Thus, the search for low cost spectroscopic methods which would allow a fast and reagentless discrimination of these microorganisms is extremely relevant. In this work the main microorganisms that cause gastroenteritis: E. coli, S. chroleraesuis, S. flexneri were studied. For each of the microorganisms sixty different dispersions were prepared using physiological solution as solvent and its Raman spectra recorded. The 1D spectra obtained were similar, making it very difficult to differentiate the microorganisms. However, applying the 2D correlation method, it was possible to identify the microorganisms evaluated using the synchronous spectrum as "whole-organism fingerprinting" in a reduced time interval (~10 h).