Abstract Filling materials should be restricted to the root canal space. However, sometimes it is impossible to control the apical extrusion, in this case, the fate of the filling material and the result of the treatment will depend on its physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. Objective To evaluate the tissue response and bone repair capacity of endodontic sealers that were implanted in the calvaria of Wistar rats, forming the groups (n=16): AH Plus and Sealer Plus, compared to the clot group. Methodology On days 30 and 60, the animals were euthanized, the calvaria was removed and processed for hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry for collagen type I, Picrosirus red and microtomographic analysis. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tuckey tests (p<0.05). Results At 30 days, all groups showed an intense inflammatory reaction (p>0.05). At 60 days, the AH Plus and Sealer Plus maintained an intense inflammatory infiltrate compared to the clot group (p<0.05). We observed immunopositive areas for type I collagen in all groups at 30 days and 60 days (p>0.05). We observed more red collagen fibers for the Sealer Plus compared to the clot group at 30 days (p<0.05). Considering the total fibers, the clot group at 30 days compared to 60 days after surgery showed an increase in the amount of matrix (p<0.05). There were no statistical differences between groups for green and yellow fibers (p>0.05). Regarding morphometric parameters, at 30 days, the newly formed bone volume and number of bone trabeculae were higher in the groups with sealers compared to the clot group (p<0.05). At 60 days, AH Plus and Sealer Plus showed greater bone neoformation compared to the clot group (p<0.05). Conclusions Despite AH Plus and Sealer Plus induced an intense inflammatory reaction, they can be considered biocompatible materials, since they allowed bone repair.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative serum level of infliximab (IFX) as well as the detection of anti-infliximab antibodies (ATIs) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). METHOD: Forty patients with CD under treatment at a tertiary center in southeastern Brazil were evaluated. Their use of infliximab was continuous and regular. We analyzed and compared the differences in the IFX and ATI levels between the patients with active CD (CDA) and those with CD in remission (CDR). RESULTS: There was no difference in the IFX level between the CDA and CDR groups (p>0.05). Eighty percent of all patients had IFX levels above the therapeutic concentration (6-10 μg/mL). Two (9%) of the 22 patients with active disease and four (22.2%) of the 18 patients in remission had undetectable levels of IFX. Four (66.6%) of the six patients with undetectable levels of IFX had positive ATI levels; three of these patients were in remission, and one had active disease. In addition, the other two patients with undetectable levels of IFX presented ATI levels close to positivity (2.7 and 2.8 AU/ml). None of the patients with therapeutic or supratherapeutic IFX levels had positive ATI levels. CONCLUSIONS: The undetectable levels of IFX correlated with the detection of ATIs, which was independent of disease activity. Immunogenicity was not the main factor for the loss of response to IFX in our study, and the majority of patients in both groups (CDA and CDR) had supratherapeutic levels of IFX.

Abstract This study examined the relationship between resting heart rate (RHRr) and anthropometric, metabolic and hemodynamic parameters in subjects aged 80 years and over. One hundred thirteen individuals were divided into two groups (RHR:<66 beats/min and ≥66 beats/min). Anthropometric parameters (weight, height, body mass index and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Hemodynamic parameters (systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) pressure) were measured and pulse pressures (PP) were obtained. Metabolic parameters were fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol. In elderly aged 80 and over, RHR influenced the changes observed in DBP, PP and triglycerides. Additionally, subjects with RHR≥66 beats/min had higher DBP, glucose, total cholesterol and lower PP as compared with elderly with RHR<66 beats/min. Men demonstrated greater weight, height, and WC than women while women had higher percentage of body fat, trunk fat, and higher total cholesterol. Thus, subjects with 80 years old and over who present RHR≥66 have higher DBP and lower PP and heart rate variability compared with the elderly with RHR<66.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a taxa de mortalidade em um ano e fatores pré-operatórios correlacionados em pacientes com fratura do quadril. MÉTODOS: Os autores estudaram, prospectivamente, 202 de um total de 376 pacientes com diagnóstico de fratura do quadril, que foram admitidos no Hospital Cristo Redentor entre outubro de 2007 e março de 2009. A montagem do banco de dados com análise do perfil epidemiológico foi realizada durante a internação e os dados de seguimento preferencialmente por telefone. RESULTADOS: A taxa de mortalidade total após um ano de seguimento foi de 28,7% ou 58 óbitos, dentre os quais 11 (5,45%) ocorreram na internação. As fraturas foram mais prevalentes em mulheres (71,3%) e pouco comuns em negros (5%). Dentre as comorbidades, demência e depressão apresentaram uma redução estatisticamente significante da sobrevida, (p de 0,018 e de 0,007, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de mortalidade após um ano de seguimento foi de 28,7%. A demência e a depressão aumentaram esta taxa.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mortality rate at one year and preoperative correlated factors in patients with hip fractures. METHODS: We studied prospectively, 202 of a total of 376 patients with hip fracture who were admitted to the Hospital Cristo Redentor, between October 2007 and March 2009. The assembly of the database with the epidemiological analysis was performed during hospitalization and follow up data preferably by phone. RESULTS: The overall mortality rate after one year of follow-up was 28.7% or 58 deaths, among which 11 (5.45%) occurred during hospitalization. The fractures were more prevalent among women (71.3%) and less common in blacks (5%). Among the comorbidities, dementia and depression showed a statistically significant reduction in survival (p of 0,018 and 0,007, respectively). CONCLUSION: Mortality rate after one year of follow-up was 28,7%. Dementia and depression increased this rate.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o modelo de isquemia cerebral por oclusão da artéria cerebral média, mediante introdução de fio intraluminal por 90 e 120 minutos, e seu efeito sobre a área de infarto cerebral em ratos. MÉTODOS: 52 ratos machos Wistar foram submetidos à isquemia cerebral por introdução de fio de nylon 3-0 na artéria cerebral média por 90 ou 120 minutos. O volume da lesão isquêmica foi determinado pelo corante TTC, fotografia digital e utilização do programa ImageJ. Na análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste t- student e o U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: O comprimento do fio introduzido foi de 14,7 mm no grupo 90 minutos e 20,2 mm no grupo 120 minutos. Lesão isquêmica foi detectada em 11 animais (39%) no grupo que de 90 minutos e 11 (45%) do grupo de 120 minutos. Nos animais que apresentaram lesão, o comprimento do fio foi de 16,1±11 mm (90 minutos) e 21,9±7,4 mm (120 minutos). O volume médio da área de infarto foi maior no grupo 120 minutos do que no grupo 90 minutos. O escore de déficit neurológico foi de 2,0 no grupo 90 minutos e de 2,4 no grupo 120 minutos. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo experimental estudado induz lesão isquêmica cerebral significativa em ambos os grupos.

PURPOSE: To assess a rat model of cerebral ischemia induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and its effect on the area of cerebral infarction. METHODS: Brain ischemia was induced in 52 male Wistar rats by introduction of a 3-0 nylon suture into the middle cerebral artery for either 90 (n=28) or 120 (n=24) minutes. Ischemic injury volume was determined by TTC staining, digital photography and analysis with the Image J software. Statistical analysis employed Student’s t test and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The groups were similar in terms of weight (p=0.59). The length of thread inserted was 14.7 mm in the 90 min group and 20.2 mm in the 120 min group (p=0.37). Ischemic injury was detected in 11 animals (39%) after 90 min and 11 (45%) after 120 min (p=0.77). In animals exhibiting injury, filament length was 16.1±11 mm (90 min) vs. 21.9±7.4 mm (120 min) (p=0.15). The mean infarction zone volume was greater after 120 (259.2 mm³) than after 90 min (162.9 mm³) (p=0.04). The neurological deficit score for the 90 and 120 min groups was 2.0 and 2.4, respectively (p=0.84). CONCLUSION: The experimental model induced significant ischemic cerebral injury in both groups.

Objetivo: Utilizar o retinômetro de Heine Lambda 100 para avaliar a relação da acuidade visual obtida no pré-operatório de cirurgia de catarata com a acuidade visual obtida 3 meses no pós-operatório com correção óptica, bem como, sua correlação com a classificação morfológica dominante da catarata e com a intensidade da opacificação quando do tipo nuclear. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo realizado no Hospital Oftalmológico Visão Laser, em Santos, envolvendo 121 olhos de 70 pacientes avaliados de abril a julho 2009, submetidos à cirurgia de catarata sob a técnica de facoemulsificação com implante de lente intraocular. No período pré-operatório, foi realizado o retinômetro de Heine sob midríase e seu resultado foi comparado à melhor acuidade visual pós-operatória do terceiro mês e correlacionado com a classificação morfológica da catarata, quando do tipo nuclear, sendo denominado satisfatório aquele resultado que não variou mais do que duas linhas na tabela de Snellen. Resultados: Os resultados satisfatórios em nosso estudo foram de 86,78%, apresentando resultados de acuidade visual com retinômetro de Heine igual ao resultado da acuidade visual pós-operatória em 34,7%. A opacidade predominantemente nuclear N1+ tem um porcentual de acerto maior do que N2+ e N3+ (50%, 31,3% e 26,7%, respectivamente). Em relação ao total de olhos, observamos um teste extremamente significante (p<0,0001). Conclusão: O retinômetro de Heine hipoestimou ou manteve a acuidade visual pós-operatória corrigida após 3 meses dos pacientes submetidos à facectomia, na maioria dos casos. Ao correlacionar com a classificação morfológica da catarata, observamos que, quanto maior a opacidade do cristalino do tipo nuclear, maior a hipoestimação da acuidade visual.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between potential visual acuity obtained before cataract surgery using Heine Lambda 100 retinometer with best corrected visual acuity 3 months postoperatively, as well as its correlation with the morphological pattern of the dominant cataract and the intensity of nuclear opacification. Methods: Prospective study executed in the Ophthalmology Hospital Laser Vision in Santos of 121 eyes of 70 patients who underwent cataract surgery (phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation), from April to July, 2009. In the preoperative period, Heine retinometer test was performed under mydriasis and its results were compared to postoperative best corrected visual acuity three months after surgery and correlated with the morphological classification of cataracts, being considered a satisfactory result those who did not vary more than two lines in Snellen chart. Results: The satisfactory cases found in our study were 86.78%, with results of visual acuity with Heine retinometer equal to the postoperative visual acuity in 34.7% of the cases. Predominant nuclear opacity N1+ has a higher reliability than N2+ and N3+ (50%, 31.3% and 26.7%, respectively). Regarding all studied eyes, statistical significance was noted (p<0.0001). Conclusion: In most cases Heine retinometer underestimated or maintained best corrected visual acuity 3 months postoperatively in patients who underwent cataract surgery. With respect to the morphological classification of cataracts, the higher the opacity of the nuclear lens, the greater the visual acuity underestimation.

O consórcio de culturas é comumente praticado na produção de hortaliças devido a diversos benefícios econômicos. Em alguns casos, podem reduzir infestações de pragas por favorecer a conservação dos inimigos naturais nos agroecossistemas. Avaliou-se a viabilidade agronômica do consórcio de couve e coentro, sob manejo orgânico, com base em parâmetros fitotécnicos, além de sua influência sobre populações de joaninhas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), na comparação com os respectivos cultivos solteiros. O coentro, representando a cultura secundária, foi utilizado com a finalidade de fornecer recursos para as joaninhas. O estudo foi realizado em área do Sistema Integrado de Produção Agroecológica em Seropédica-RJ. O experimento consistiu dos consórcios: 1) couve consorciada com coentro, cujas quatro linhas de plantas foram colhidas na fase vegetativa (consórcio I), e 2) couve consorciada com coentro, cujas plantas das duas linhas internas (próximas à linha da couve) foram colhidas na fase vegetativa e as duas linhas externas foram cortadas após floração (consórcio II). Em ambos consórcios foram avaliados os parâmetros fitotécnicos da couve e do coentro na fase vegetativa (padrão comercial), enquanto que no consórcio II, também se avaliou as populações de joaninhas, por meio de coletas semanais de adultos, em comparação com a couve em cultivo solteiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. O coentro não interferiu na produtividade da couve consorciada e sua introdução contribuiu positivamente para a abundância e diversidade de espécies de joaninhas. O índice de equivalência de área para o consórcio I, com referência aos rendimentos de biomassa aérea fresca, foi superior em 92% em relação ao cultivo solteiro. Este resultado demonstra a viabilidade do consórcio I, no manejo orgânico adotado, para plantios de outono nas condições edafoclimáticas da Baixada Fluminense.

Intercropping is commonly practiced in the production of vegetable crops due to diverse economic benefits. In some cases, it may decrease the infestations of pests by favoring the conservation of the natural enemies in the agroecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomical viability of the kale and coriander intercropping, under organic management, based on phytotechnical parameters, and its influence on the populations of ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in comparison to respective sole crops. Coriander, representing the secondary crop, was used aiming to provide resources to ladybeetles. The study was carried out in area of the Sistema Integrado de Produção Agroecológica, Seropédica county, State of Rio de Janeiro. The experiment consisted of two types of intercropping: 1) kale intercropped with coriander, whose four lines of plants were harvested at the vegetative phase (intercropping I), and 2) kale intercropped with coriander, whose plants of the two internal lines (near to the line of kale) were harvested at the vegetable phase, and the two external lines were cut after blossom (intercropping II). In both intercropping the phytotechnical parameters of the kale and the coriander at the vegetative phase (commercial standard) were evaluated, while in the intercropping II, the populations of ladybeetles were also evaluated by weekly samples of adults, in comparison to kale sole crop. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with four replicates. Coriander did not interfere in the productivity of the kale intercropped and its introduction contributed positively to the abundance and the species diversity of ladybeetles. The land equivalent ratio for the intercropping I, taking into account the yield of fresh aerial biomass, was superior in 92% in relation to kale sole crop. This result demonstrates the viability of the intercropping I, in the organic management adopted, for cultivation of autumn in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Baixada Fluminense region.

Catalisadores sólidos foram preparados pela interação de ferroporfirinas com sílica obtida pelo processo sol-gel. A presença da ferroporfirina na matriz de sílica e a morfologia das partículas obtidas foram estudadas por espectroscopia eletrônica na região do ultravioleta e visível, difratometria de raios X de pó, espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, ressonância paramagnética eletrônica e análises termogravimétricas. A atividade catalítica dos sólidos obtidos foi investigada frente a oxidação dos substratos (Z)-cicloocteno, cicloexeno e cicloexano por iodosilbenzeno em meio de diclorometano e acetonitrila. Os resultados catalíticos obtidos foram comparáveis àqueles observados quando as ferroporfirinas em solução (catálise homogênea) foram utilizadas.

Solid catalysts have been prepared by chemical interaction of iron(III) porphyrins with the surface of the pores of a silica matrix obtained by the sol-gel method. The presence of the complexes in the silica matrix and the morphology of the obtained particles were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance and thermogravimetric analysis. The catalytic activity of the immobilized iron(III) porphyrins in the oxidation of (Z)-cyclooctene, cyclohexene and cyclohexane was evaluated in dichloromethane/acetonitrile 1:1 solvent mixture (v/v) using iodosylbenzene as oxidant. Results were compared with those achieved with the homogeneous counterparts.

A cobertura morta do solo com leguminosas e gramíneas é uma prática cultural que traz benefícios aos sistemas de produção. Foi conduzido um experimento no município de Seropédica, estado do Rio de Janeiro, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de cobertura morta sobre a reinfestação de ervas espontâneas e sobre o desempenho agronômico de alface, em cultivo orgânico. O delineamento experimental adotado foi blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e parcelas de oito plantas na área útil. Os tratamentos foram: bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum sp.), bambu (Bambuza sp.), capim Cameroon (Penisetum purpureum), crotalária (Crotalaria juncea), eritrina (Erythrina poeppigiana), gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium), guandu (Cajanus cajan), mucuna cinza (Mucuna pruriens) e controle (sem cobertura dos canteiros). Estimou-se a decomposição in situ e a liberação de nitrogênio de cada cobertura morta. Foram avaliados dois ciclos consecutivos de alface, cultivar Regina, na mesma área, visando a comparar o efeito residual das coberturas mortas. Observou-se maior acúmulo de N nos resíduos vegetais das leguminosas (máximo de 1.010 kg ha-1 com mucuna-cinza). Em relação à decomposição da cobertura morta, avaliada na colheita do primeiro ciclo de alface (35 dias após o transplante), as leguminosas apresentaram percentuais inferiores aos das gramíneas de massa seca e N remanescentes. A reinfestação dos canteiros pelas ervas espontâneas não diferiu significativamente entre coberturas mortas, variando entre 31 e 58 plantas m-2, mas a redução da densidade populacional da vegetação reinfestante chegou a 83% em comparação ao tratamento controle. Em ambos os ciclos de cultivo da alface, a massa fresca (de 315,8 a 366,0 e de 202,9 a 225,0 g planta-1, respectivamente nos primeiro e segundo ciclos), o diâmetro da cabeça (de 30,8 a 31,7 e de 25,5 a 28,5 cm) e o teor de N (de 32,3 a 38,8 e de 28,0 a 30,3 g kg-1) foram superiores quando leguminosas foram utilizadas como cobertura morta.

Soil mulching with legumes and grasses is an agricultural practice which promotes benefits to production systems. An experiment was carried out at Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, to evaluate the effects of mulch types on weed control and agronomic performance of organically grown lettuce. A randomized blocks design was adopted, with four replications and eight plants in the useful area of each plot. The treatments were: sugar cane (Saccharum sp.) bagasse, bamboo (Bambuza sp.), Cameroon grass (Penisetum purpureum), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), mountain immortelle (Erythrina poeppigiana), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) and control (no mulching). In situ decomposition and nitrogen release rates were estimated for each mulch. Two consecutive cycles of lettuce (cv. Regina) were conducted in the same area to compare residual effects of mulching. There were greater accumulations of N in the legumes residues (with a maximum of 1.010 kg ha-1, at velvet bean). Legumes residues showed lower contents of remaining dry matter and N than grasses, at the end of the first cultivation cycle of lettuce (35 days after transplanting). Weed populations did not differ in relation to the mulch source, varying from 31 to 58 plants m-2. The reduction of weed infestation reached 83% as compared to the control treatment. In both crop cycles, lettuce shoot dry matter (315.8 to 366.0, and 202.9 to 225.0 g plant-1, respectively at the first and the second cultivation cycles), diameter (30.8 to 31.7, and 25.5 to 28.5 cm) and N content (32.3 to 38.8, and 28.0 to 30.3 g kg-1) were greater in the treatments using legume mulches.