Abstract Introduction As the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unfolds around the world; answers related to the antibody response against the virus are necessary to develop treatment and prophylactic strategies. We attempted to understand part of the immune response of convalescent plasma donation candidates. Method We carried out a cross-sectional, observational, non-intervention study, testing 102 convalescent plasma donation candidates for antibodies against the virus, relating these data to the time interval between symptom onset and sample collection, age, disease severity, and gender. Results In our sample, the individuals who developed a greater antibody response were the ones who had a longer time interval between symptom onset and sample collection, the ones who had been hospitalized and the subjects above 35 years old. Moreover, 17 individuals did not present any reactive antibodies. Conclusion These results are important in that they raise questions about the role of the humoral response against the virus, as some individuals do not develop antibodies to fight it. In addition, they help develop recruitment strategies for convalescent plasma donors, who should be asymptomatic for at least 21 days and are possibly more likely to have reactive antibodies after 35 days without symptoms.

Resumo: Introdução: A Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás (FM-UFG) iniciou um novo processo de mudança curricular em 2014. As disciplinas de Semiologia I e II passaram a adotar metodologias ativas de ensino para adequação às necessidades da reforma curricular. O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar a percepção dos discentes do primeiro ano da FM-UFG sobre o ambiente educacional das disciplinas de Semiologia I e II. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo corte transversal, envolvendo 86 alunos. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi o questionário Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (Dreem), versão em português. Os resultados foram considerados em três níveis: questões individuais, cinco dimensões e Dreem global. Calcularam-se a média, o desvio padrão e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Obteve-se a confiabilidade interna do Dreem pelo cálculo do alfa de Cronbach, avaliou-se a distribuição dos dados da amostra pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk e realizou-se a comparação entre os percentuais da média dos escores dos domínios e do DRREM global pela ANOVA, seguida do teste de Tukey. Resultados: A média do Dreem global foi de 134,83/200 ± 17,42, uma percepção mais positiva que negativa. As cinco dimensões tiveram os seguintes resultados: percepção da aprendizagem (32,74 / 48 ± 5,59 / uma visão mais positiva); percepção dos docentes (32,71 / 44 ± 6,23 / na direção certa); percepção dos resultados acadêmicos (20,22 / 32 ± 4,09 / sentimento positivo); percepção do ambiente geral (31,74 / 48 ± 5,69 / atitude positiva); percepção das relações sociais (17,42 / 28 ± 3,83 / não é tão ruim). Foram encontrados alguns pontos problemáticos em relação a fatos memorizáveis, metodologia de ensino prévio e cansaço para cursarem a disciplina. A dimensão com mais áreas fortes foi a percepção dos docentes. Houve significância estatística quando os percentuais da média dos escores dos domínios e do Dreem global foram comparados. Conclusão: O ambiente educacional das disciplinas de Semiologia I e II da Faculdade de Medicina da UFG criado pelas inovações metodológicas foi avaliado positivamente pelos discentes participantes, com destaque para o domínio percepção dos docentes.

Abstract: Introduction: In 2014, the Medical School of the Federal University of Goias (FM-UFG) started its curricular changing process. The disciplines of Semiology I and II started to use active teaching methodologies to fit the curricular reform needs. The objective of this article was to evaluate the FM-UFG students’ perception of the Educational Environment in the disciplines of Semiology I and II. Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study encompassing 86 students. The data collection tool was the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire, in its Portuguese version. Results were considered at three levels: individual questions, five domains and global DREEM. Mean values, standard deviation and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The internal reliability of the DREEM was determined using Cronbach’s alpha; the sample normality was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test; and the comparison between the mean score percentages of the domains and of the global DREEM was performed by ANOVA ,followed by Tukey’s test. Results: The global DREEM mean was 134.83 / 200 ± 17.42, a more positive than negative perception. The five domains showed the following results: Students’ Perception of Learning - SPL (32.74 / 48 ± 5.59 / a more positive approach); Students’ Perception of Teachers - SPT (32.71 / 44 ± 6.23 / going in the right direction); Students’ Academic Self-Perception - SASP: (20.22 / 32 ± 4.09 / feeling more on the positive side); Students’ Perception of the Atmosphere - SPA (31.74 / 48 ± 5.69 / a more positive attitude); Students’ Social Self-Perception - SSSP: (17.42 / 28 ± 3.83 / not too bad). Some issues were found in relation to: memorizable facts; previous teaching methodology; and, fatigue to attend the discipline. The SPT was the domain with the largest number of strong areas. Statistical significance was found when comparing the mean score percentages of the domains and the global DREEM. Conclusion: Students positively evaluated the educational environment in the subjects Semiology I and II created by the new active teaching methodologies adopted by the institution, with the SPT domain being highlighted.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hemophilia is well known in males, but poorly recognized in hemophilia carriers, who may have a hemorrhagic tendency, and the symptoms may be frequent and severe. Few studies have been done evidencing this bleeding in female carriers of the hemophilia gene. Objectives: To verify the prevalence of hemorrhagic symptoms in HC, compared to women in the general population. Material and method: The articles published between October 1996 and November 2016 were searched in the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Central databases. Results and discussion: Seventy-five articles were found in electronic databases and 2 additional articles, through manual search in journal summaries and bibliographical references of other review articles. There is a limitation as to the number of studies that explore the association between the risk of hemorrhagic events and HC A or B. Among the few existing studies, there is a methodological difference, evidenced by control groups with distinct recruitments, divergent questionnaires and non-standardized concepts. Conclusion: This review verified the existence of a higher prevalence of hemorrhagic symptoms in the HC in some outcomes, however, due to the limitations of the few studies found, there is still insufficient evidence to state that the HC has a greater hemorrhagic tendency in relation to the general population.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO Tem-se compreensão parcial dos processos cognitivos relacionados ao desenvolvimento do raciocínio clínico, o que justifica as dificuldades no ensino dessa competência nos cursos de medicina. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como se desenvolve o raciocínio clínico em acadêmicos de medicina. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL Pesquisa descritiva exploratória quantitativa e qualitativa, realizada na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás. MÉTODOS A técnica de grupos focais foi utilizada entre 40 acadêmicos, que participaram de cinco grupos focais, com oito acadêmicos de cada ano, do primeiro ao quinto ano do curso médico. O material foi submetido a análise de conteúdo por categorias, posteriormente quantificado e submetido a análise estatística descritiva e teste de qui-quadrado para estatística inferencial. RESULTADOS O conteúdo das falas dos participantes foi dividido em duas categorias: raciocínio clínico - na fase pré-clínica, o raciocínio clínico é baseado no conhecimento das disciplinas básicas e, na fase clínica, há uma mudança para o reconhecimento de padrões; conhecimento das disciplinas básicas - 80,6% percebem sua utilização, porém assinalam que o usam apenas em casos difíceis. CONCLUSÃO Na fase pré-clínica, em uma escola médica com currículo tradicional, o raciocínio clínico é dependente dos conhecimentos adquiridos nas disciplinas básicas e, na fase clínica, passa para o reconhecimento de padrões.

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE The cognitive processes relating to the development of clinical reasoning are only partially understood, which explains the difficulties in teaching this skill in medical courses. This study aimed to understand how clinical reasoning develops among undergraduate medical students. DESIGN AND SETTING Quantitative and qualitative exploratory descriptive study conducted at the medical school of Universidade Federal de Goiás. METHODS The focus group technique was used among 40 students who participated in five focus groups, with eight students from each year, from the first to fifth year of the medical school program. The material was subjected to content analysis in categories, and was subsequently quantified and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square test for inferential statistics. RESULTS The content of the students' statements was divided into two categories: clinical reasoning - in the preclinical phase, clinical reasoning was based on knowledge of basic medical science and in the clinical phase, there was a change to pattern recognition; knowledge of basic medical science - 80.6% of the students recognized its use, but they stated that they only used it in difficult cases. CONCLUSION In the preclinical phase, in a medical school with a traditional curriculum, clinical reasoning depends on the knowledge acquired from basic medical science, while in the clinical phase, it becomes based on pattern recognition.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O uso rotineiro do teste de concordância de script (SCT) não é comum nas universidades brasileiras. Este estudo objetiva analisar a aplicação do SCT na graduação em medicina de uma universidade brasileira. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo quantitativo, analítico e descritivo na faculdade de medicina de uma universidade brasileira. MÉTODOS: Participaram 159/550 acadêmicos. O teste possuía dez casos clínicos em Medicina Interna, cada caso com cinco itens, classificados em uma escala de Likert de cinco pontos. O teste foi corrigido conforme gabarito validado por um painel de referência. RESULTADOS: Na fase pré-clínica, a média foi 51,6% e, na fase clínica, 63,4% da nota máxima. Comparando a média das respostas entre todos os anos, obteve-se diferença significante em 40% dos itens. O painel demarcou todas as possiblidades em cinco itens e em um item todos marcaram uma resposta. O índice alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,64. Demonstramos que os mais graduados obtiveram desempenho melhor. A construção de um SCT com questões discriminativas não foi fácil. O índice de confiabilidade baixo pode ter acontecido por: a) problemas na construção das questões; b) limitações do painel de referência; c) sistema de pontuação. CONCLUSÕES: O instrumento é de grande dificuldade de construção, aplicação e correção. Essas dificuldades podem inviabilizar a sua aplicação como método de avaliação em unidades com recursos limitados.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Routine use of the script concordance test (SCT) is not common in Brazilian universities. This study aimed to analyze application of the SCT in the medical school of a Brazilian university. DESIGN AND SETTING: Quantitative, analytical and descriptive study in the medical school of a Brazilian university. METHODS: A total of 159/550 students participated. The test comprised ten clinical cases within internal medicine, with five items per case, rated on a five-point Likert scale. The test was scored in accordance with a marking key that had been validated by a reference panel. RESULTS: In the pre-clinical and clinical phases, the mean scores were 51.6% and 63.4% of the maximum possible scores, respectively. Comparison of the means of the responses among all the years showed that there were significant differences in 40% of the items. The panel marked all the possible answers in five items, while in one item, all the panelists marked a single answer. Cronbach's alpha was 0.64. The results indicated that the more senior students performed better. Construction of an SCT with discriminative questions was not easy. The low reliability index may have occurred due to: a) problems with the construction of the questions; b) limitations of the reference panel; and/or c) the scoring key. CONCLUSION: This instrument is very difficult to construct, apply and correct. These difficulties may make application of an SCT as an assessment method unfeasible in units with limited resources.

Aplastic anemia is an uncommon complication of thymoma and is extremely infrequent after the surgical removal of a thymic tumor. Aplastic anemia is a result of marrow failure and is characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and severely depressed marrow cellularity; it may be an autoimmune manifestation of thymoma. As thymoma-associated hematological dyscrasias, which include pure red cell aplasia, aplastic anemia and myasthenia gravis, are supposed to be of immunologic origin, two cases of very severe aplastic anemia following the resection of lymphocytic thymomas treated with immunosuppression are herein presented.

Aceruloplasminemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease in which a mutation leads to the absence or dysfunction of ceruloplasmin. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to the accumulation of iron in various organs; aceruloplasminemia is usually characterized by diabetes, retinal degeneration and neurological disorders. Diagnosis is suspected by the presence of elevated levels of ferritin, anemia, decreased serum copper and absence of ceruloplasmin in serum. Treatment of aceruloplasminemia is mainly based on the control of iron overload.

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença falciforme é a doença hereditária mais frequente no nosso país. O portador apresenta acometimentos físico, emocional e social, e sua qualidade de vida pode estar comprometida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida dos doentes falciformes em tratamento no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de Goiás. MÉTODO: Foram entrevistados 60 sujeitos entre 14 e 60 anos, doentes falciformes, em tratamento no Hospital das Clínicas. Aplicou-se o WHOQOL-Bref (instrumento avaliativo de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde - OMS), o questionário étnico-racial e o sociodemográfico. A significância foi definida por um erro padrão de 5% (p < 0,05). Os sujeitos eram do sexo feminino em 53,3% e solteiros em 71,7%. A média da idade foi de 27 anos e o nível educacional até o primeiro grau completo foi de 51,7%. RESULTADOS: A maioria considerou-se parda (46,7%) e a minoria, negra (11,7%). Apenas 6,7% disseram ser vítimas de preconceito devido à cor e 33,3% disseram ser vítimas de preconceito devido à doença. Os sujeitos relataram ligação entre doença e sua cor em 48,3%. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada negativa em 6,7% e, em 70%, positiva. Apresentaram satisfação negativa quanto à saúde 23,3% dos sujeitos e, em 48,3%, a satisfação foi positiva. Os escores do WHOQOL-Bref, de 0 a 100 foram: domínio físico (57,32), psicológico (66,03), social (69,86) e ambiental (52,76). CONCLUSÃO: Houve correlação significativa entre preconceito devido à doença e nível educacional, e entre idade e todos os domínios. A doença falciforme limita a vida do portador, com comprometimento da qualidade de vida. A doença está perdendo o caráter de "black related disease", coincidindo com a miscigenação racial brasileira.

INTRODUCTION: Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited disease in Brazil. Patients are known to suffer physical, emotional and social impairment and their quality of life may well be involved. METHOD: The quality of life of sickle cell disease patients treated in Hospital das Clínicas of the Universidade Federal de Goiás was evaluated. Sixty patients with ages ranging from 14 to 60 years old were interviewed. The WHOQOL-Bref (a quality of life validation instrument of the World Health Organization), and the ethnical-racial, and sociodemographic questionnaires were administered. A standard error of 5% (p-value < 0.05) was considered acceptable. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 27 years old, 53.3% of the patients were women, 71.7% were single and 51.7% had completed elementary school. The majority classified themselves as mulattos (46.7%) and the minority Blacks (11.7%). Only 6.7% considered themselves victims of racial discrimination because of their skin color but 33.3% considered themselves victims of discrimination due to sickle cell disease. The patients 48.3% reported an association between their disease and their skin color. The quality of life was considered bad by 6.7% and good by 70%. A total of 48.3% considered their lives to be satisfactory and 23.3% to be unsatisfactory. The scores obtained from the WHOQOL-Bref (from 0 to 100) were: 57.32 for physical, 66.03 for psychological, 69.86 for social and 52.76 for environmental domains. There were significant correlations of discrimination due to the disease with educational level and age with all the WHOQOL-Bref domains. CONCLUSION: Sickle cell disease significantly limits the quality of life of patients. Also, sickle cell disease, coinciding with the racial miscegenation, is losing its "black-related disease" character in Brazil.

A cútis laxa granulomatosa é variante de linfoma T cutâneo com características histopatológicas semelhantes às da micose fungóide, além da presença de infiltrado granulomatoso e perda de fibras elásticas. Caracteriza-se clinicamente por placas endurecidas, eritêmato-vinhosas, que evoluem para flacidez cutânea, acometendo preferencialmente as regiões axilar e inguinal. Em mais da metade dos casos há associação com linfoma de Hodgkin. Relata-se o caso de paciente de 47 anos com cútis laxa granulomatosa, com manifestação sistêmica, que respondeu parcialmente à terapia com interferon-alfa e corticosteróides.

Granulomatous slack skin is a cutaneous T cell lymphoma variant with histopathologic findings similar to those of mycosis fungoides, in addition to granulomatous infiltrate and loss of dermal elastic tissue. Clinically, it begins with indurated purplish plaques that evolve into areas of hanging bulky skin masses, preferentially affecting axillary and inguinal folds. In more than half of cases there is an association with Hodgkin’s disease. Here, we report the case of a 47-year-old woman with granulomatous cutis laxa and systemic manifestations that partially responded to therapy with interferon alpha and steroids.