Abstract Soil degradation has as a direct consequence the loss of biodiversity, the emission of greenhouse gases and the imbalance of the hydrological water cycle, reducing the productive capacity of the soil and its response to amendments and conservation activities, generating low yields and greater water and nutritional requirements. Since these effects are already defined, it is necessary to know the amount of soil that can be lost in order to size the problem. The objective of the study was to quantify the erosion process in a soil under typical precipitation conditions in the Hoya del Río Suárez (Colombia) for the cultivation of sugar cane. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out evaluating two tillage systems (reduced and conventional) in closed runoff plots, where the amount of soil and water washed away in the rainfall events present in a sugarcane crop cycle for panela production was measured. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed when the soil was prepared using the proposed system, reducing soil loss by 2.5 times due to runoff compared to traditional tillage, showing to mitigate soil deterioration.

Resumen La degradación del suelo tiene como consecuencia directa la pérdida de la biodiversidad, la emisión de gases efecto invernadero y el desbalance del ciclo hidrológico del agua, reduciendo la capacidad productiva del suelo y la respuesta de este a las enmiendas y actividades de conservación, generando bajos rendimientos y mayores requerimientos hídricos y nutricionales. Dado que estos efectos ya están definidos, se requiere conocer la cantidad de suelo que se puede perder para dimensionar el problema. El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar el proceso de erosión en un suelo bajo condiciones de precipitación típicas en la Hoya del río Suárez (Colombia) para el cultivo de caña de azúcar. Para esto se estableció un experimento evaluando dos sistemas de labranza (reducido y convencional) en parcelas de escorrentía cerradas, donde se midió la cantidad de suelo y agua arrastrados en los eventos de lluvia presentes en un ciclo del cultivo de caña de azúcar para la producción de panela. Se observó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) cuando se prepara el suelo usando el sistema propuesto, disminuyendo en 2,5 la pérdida del suelo por efecto de la escorrentía comparado con el laboreo tradicional, evidenciando que puede ser una estrategia de mitigación del deterioro del suelo.

ABSTRACT: Host genetics and diet can exert an influence on microbiota and, therefore, on feeding efficiency. This study evaluated the effect of genetic line (fast-growth and high-resistance) in Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) on the hepatopancreatic microbiota and its association with the feeding efficiency in shrimp fed with diets containing different protein sources. Shrimp (2.08 ± 0.06 g) from each genetic line were fed for 36 days with two dietary treatments (animal and vegetable protein). Each of the four groups was sampled, and the hepatopancreatic metagenome was amplified using specific primers for the variable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The PCR product was sequenced on the MiSeq platform. Nineteen bacterial phyla were detected, of which Proteobacteria was the most abundant (51.0 – 72.5 %), Bacteroidetes (3.6 – 23.3 %), Firmicutes (4.2 – 13.7 %), Actinobacteria (1.9 – 12.1 %), and Planctomycetes (1.3 – 9.5 %). Diet was the most influential factor in the taxonomic composition of the microbiota, while genetic line was not a strong influential factor. The results suggest that the taxonomic profile of the bacteria colonizing shrimp hepatopancreas was determined by the diet consumed, similar to what occurs in the intestine. Shrimp in the fast-growth line had greater feeding efficiency regardless of the diet supplied. Finally, the results suggest that Proteobacteria influenced ( p < 0.05) the feeding efficiency of shrimp fed with a vegetable diet. Nevertheless, further studies are required to explore how shrimp genetic line–diet interaction influences microbiota for probiotic development and functional food formulation for farmed shrimp according to the genetic line.

Resumo: Introdução: É necessário que a residência de psiquiatria conste um programa da disciplina de neurologia. No Brasil, como não existe uma padronização dos conteúdos a serem abordados, os residentes realizam estágios em diferentes serviços de neurologia. Neste relato, descreve-se a experiência da aplicação do Programa de Neurologia para Residência Médica de Psiquiatria (PNRMP). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional e descritivo da experiência do PNRMP em Curitiba, no Paraná. Para a elaboração do PNRMP, realizou-se uma pesquisa teórico-reflexiva nos sites da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Residências Médicas de Psiquiatria Brasileiras, do PubMed e da SciELO. Na pesquisa, utilizaram-se as seguintes palavras-chave: programa de residência em psiquiatria; residência em neurologia e psiquiatria; neurologia em psiquiatria. Resultados: Em 2011, iniciou-se a elaboração do PNRMP com o objetivo de oferecer aos residentes os subsídios teórico-práticos da interface psiquiatria e neurologia sob supervisão de um preceptor neurologista. O programa, com nove anos de aplicação e 54 residentes formados, ocorre em dois ambulatórios do Sistema Único de Saúde - um de neurologia geral (para residentes do primeiro ano) e outro de epilepsia ou transtornos neurocognitivos do idoso (para residentes do terceiro ano -, com duração de quatro a cinco horas, uma vez por semana. Os residentes realizam um atendimento/hora, e os casos são revisados em parceria com o preceptor que esclarece as dúvidas da entrevista/do exame físico e define o diagnóstico e a conduta colegiada. Procure-se as competências clínicas em treinamento em serviço, discussões de casos, revisões teóricas e seminários. No final do ambulatório, realiza-se uma reunião da equipe para compartilhar os conhecimentos gerados nos atendimentos e orientar atualizações clínicas/terapêuticas. As avaliações são diárias, trimestrais, anuais e quanti-qualitativa, em que se consideram a aquisição de habilidades, o raciocínio clínico, a qualidade nos atendimentos, o profissionalismo e a comunicação com a equipe, os pacientes e os familiares. Conclusão: O PNRMP supera a dicotomia “orgânico versus funcional”. Na integração das atividades teóricas e práticas, busca-se um conhecimento abrangente e resolutivo que permita ao futuro psiquiatra prestar um serviço competente e humano. Recomenda-se a participação dos residentes egressos para que eles possam avaliar o PNRMP. Os autores propõem o desenvolvimento de um PNRMP reprodutivo nacional e padronizado.

Abstract: Introduction: There has been a greater demand for the psychiatry specialty, possibly associated with the paradigm change in asylum care for outpatients and communities; consequently, there is now a greater number of institutions for Medical Training in Psychiatric Residency. As such, we seek to elaborate upon the Neurology Program for Medical Residency in Psychiatry (NPMRP) and present the experience of its application. Methods: We present an observational and descriptive study of the NPMRP experience in Curitiba/Paraná/Brazil. To prepare the NPMRP, reflective theoretical research was carried out via data from the websites of the Brazilian Psychiatric Association, Brazilian Psychiatric Residencies, PubMed and SciELO. Thw keywords used included: program of psychiatry residency; neurology and psychiatry residency; neurology in psychiatry. Results: It is thought that the resident develops clinical skills through the neurology-psychiatry interface, via an in-service training of general neurology (1st year resident) and epilepsy and neurocognitive disorders (3rd year resident), which takes place once a week. Residents receive training in conducting interviews and brief neurological examinations, concerning the types of neurological diagnosis, request for additional tests and interpretation of the reports. The outpatient clinical sessions last 4-5 hours, resulting in one patient/hour per resident who, in turn, prepares the medical record. The cases are reviewed and discussed with the neurologist instructor, promoting patient/family participation in shared decision-making. At the end of the outpatient clinic session, an activity is carried out with the whole team to socialize the visits and review theoretical contents. Assessments are daily, quarterly and annual, covering both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Conclusion: The NPMRP has excellent results in improving resident training and patient care. There is an excellent opinion regarding learning by the residents and a good level of satisfaction of patients/family members. The neurologist instructor becomes part of the residency and the NPMRP integrates academic and assistance training. The authors propose the development of a national, standardized and reproducible NPMRP.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as variáveis fisiológicas e produtivas da videira 'Niágara Rosada' (Vitis labrusca) nos sistemas de condução em espaldeira e em Y, nos dois primeiros anos de produção. Nos ciclos produtivos de 2014 e 2015, avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: índice de área foliar, fotossíntese, transpiração, condutância estomática, área de superfície foliar, variáveis de produção e qualidade do fruto. No primeiro ano de produção, houve diferenças entre os sistemas de condução quanto às variáveis ecofisiológicas influenciadas pela área de superfície foliar dos dosséis. No segundo ano de produção, não houve diferenças entre as variáveis ecofisiológicas. O número de cachos por área de superfície foliar, a massa do cacho, o número de bagas por cacho e a produção por planta não apresentaram diferenças entre os sistemas de condução. Videiras do primeiro e do segundo ano de produção não apresentaram diferenças entre os sistemas de condução, quanto às relações entre área de superfície foliar e produção; porém, a produtividade foi superior no sistema em espaldeira, em função do maior número de plantas por hectare. Frutos produzidos no sistema em Y apresentaram maior quantidade de pigmentos, como antocianinas e flavonóis, do que aqueles no sistema em espaldeira, com a mesma a quantidade de sólidos solúveis totais.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize the physiological and productive variables of 'Niagara Rosada' vine (Vitis labrusca) trained in vertical shoot positioning (VSP) and in Y-shaped systems, in the first two years of production. In the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons, the following parameters were evaluated: leaf area index, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, leaf surface area, production variables, and fruit quality. In the first year of production, there were differences between the training systems for the ecophysiological variables affected by the leaf surface area of the canopies. In the second year of production, there were no differences between the ecophysiological variables. The number of clusters per leaf surface area, cluster mass, number of berries per cluster, and production per plant showed no differences between the training systems. Vines in the first and second years of production showed no differences between the two training systems for the relationships between leaf surface area and production; however, yield was higher in the VSP system because of the greater number of plants per hectare. Fruit produced in the Y-shaped system showed a greater amount of pigments, such as anthocyanins and flavonols, than those in the VSP system, with the same amount of total soluble solids.

O presente trabalho traz os resultados inéditos da cartografia e análises tectonossedimentares do cenozoico da região da bacia de Volta Redonda, inserida no segmento central do Rifte Continental do Sudeste do Brasil (RCSB). Distribuídos na direção NE-SW, foram reconhecidos três depocentros paleogênicos (grabens de Colônia Santo Antônio, Dorândia, Casa de Pedra - mais importante, por seu registro sedimentar e vulcânico) e diversas ocorrências paleogênicas descontínuas (áreas de Belmonte, Jardim Amália, Cafundó, Vargem Alegre), além de dois importantes grabens quaternários (grabens do Rio do Bananal e da Usina). O preenchimento paleogênico foi relacionado a três estágios tectônicos: fase Pré-Rifte, vinculada à deposição da Formação Ribeirão dos Quatis (fluvial); fase Rifte I (principal), a que se relaciona a Formação Resende (sistemas fluviais e leques aluviais associados a bordas de falhas principais, além de vulcanismo basanítico intercalado); fase Rifte II (final), a que se relacionam os depósitos da Formação Pinheiral (fluvial), responsáveis pela colmatação dos depocentros paleogênicos. Acumulações significativas de depósitos aluviais recentes vinculam-se ao preenchimento dos grabens quaternários. A atual configuração da região da bacia de Volta Redonda resulta da geração de diversas estruturas rúpteis vinculadas a sua abertura e deformação neotectônica. Desta forma, este segmento do RCSB é representado por um mosaico depocentros e ocorrências paleogênicas descontínuas significativamente compartimentadas por deformação netectônica, além de depocentros quaternários, vinculados principalmente ao último evento distensivo, de idade holocênica. Da identificação e caracterização destas feições, a região da bacia de Volta Redonda passa a apresentar um novo quadro de distribuição do registro cenozoico, com dimensões em torno de 40 km na direção NE-SW e 10 km na direção NW-SE.

This work aims to present new results of geological mapping and tectonosedimentary analysis of the cenozoic of Volta Redonda basin region, inserted in the central segment of the Continental Rift of Southeast Brazil (CRSB). Were recognized three paleogenic depocenters (grabens of Colônia Santo Antônio, Dorândia, Casa de Pedra - most importantly, for its volcanic and sedimentary record) and discontinuous paleogenics deposits (areas of Belmonte, Jardim Amalia, Cafundó, Vargem Alegre), and two expressives quaternary grabens (grabens of the Rio Bananal and the Usinal), distributed in the NE-SW direction. The paleogenic filling was related to three tectonic stages: Pre-Rift phase, linked to the deposition of the Ribeirão Quatis Formation (fluvial); Rift phase I (main), related to Resende Formation, characterized by a fluvial and alluvial fan systems associated with major fault edges, and basanitic volcanism (Casa de Pedra Basanite); Rift phase II (final) relating to Pinheiral Formation fluvial deposits, responsible for clogging of paleogenics depocenters. Significant accumulations of recent alluvial deposits are linked to the fulfillment of the Quaternary grabens. The current configuration of the Volta Redonda basin region is the results of a generation of several brittle structures associated to paleogenic opening and neotectonic deformation. Thus, this segment of the CRSB is represented by a mosaic of paleogenic dpocenters and discontinuous occurrences significantly compartmentalized by recent deformation, and quaternary depocenters, mainly linked to the Holocene extension event. The identification and characterization of these feautures, brings a new arrangement of cenozoic record in the region of the Volta Redonda basin, measuring around 40 km in the NE-SW and 10 km in the NW-SE direction.

The venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) in adults has a high morbidity and mortality. It can be also associated to disabling chronic conditions. In spite of this, prophylaxis in healthcare assistance is still underused. In this article, the available evidence in thromboprophylaxis was analyzed to offer recommendations (1) or suggestions (2) classified according to different levels of evidence (A, B or C). Different medical scenarios and types of thromboprophylaxis were analyzed. In major orthopedic surgeries low molecular weight heparins, LMWH, inhibitors of the Xa and IIa factors are recommended (1B) to be started during hospitalization and continued for 35 days in hip replacement surgery and for 10 days in total knee replacement surgery. Knee arthroscopy and spine surgery do not require pharmacologic treatment (2B) unless the patient has other risks factors for thrombosis. In such cases, LMWH are recommended. Non-surgical patients who have at least one risk factor should receive LMWH, NFH or fondaparinux (1B) if they are to be bedridden or unable to walk for three or more days. Patients undergoing neurosurgery or with intracranial hemorrhage should receive mechanic prophylaxis (2C), and accordingly they should start LMWH or NFH 24 to 72 hours afterwards (2C). The latter two drugs are recommended for critically ill patients. Patients with low risk for VTD undergoing other type of surgeries should be prescribed with mechanical prophylaxis (2C) and encouraged to walk promptly (2C), while those with high risk should be prescribed with LMWH or NFH (1B or 2C according to bleeding risk factors).

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV) en adultos posee elevada morbimortalidad y puede asociarse a complicaciones crónicas invalidantes. Sin embargo, la adherencia a estándares de cuidado no es óptima. Se analizó la evidencia disponible en tromboprofilaxis y se generaron recomendaciones (1) o sugerencias (2) con diferentes grados de evidencia (A, B o C) para diferentes escenarios y métodos de tromboprofilaxis. En cirugías ortopédicas mayores se recomienda la profilaxis farmacológica con heparinas de bajo peso molecular, HBPM (1B), fondaparinux, dabigatrán y rivaroxaban (1B) que deben iniciarse durante la internación y mantenerse hasta 35 días después de la cirugía de cadera y hasta 10 días posteriores a la artroplastia de rodilla. La artroscopia de rodilla y la cirugía de columna programada no requieren profilaxis farmacológica (2B) salvo que posean factores de riesgo adicionales, en cuyo caso se recomiendan las HBPM. En pacientes con internación clínica y movilidad reducida esperable mayor a tres días, que posean factores de riesgo adicionales, se recomienda tromboprofilaxis con HBPM, HNF o fondaparinux (1B) hasta el alta. Aquellos pacientes neuroquirúrgicos o con HIC deberán recibir inicialmente tromboprofilaxis mecánica (2C) y dependiendo del caso, iniciar HBPM o HNF entre las 24-72 horas posteriores (2C). Estas últimas dos drogas son recomendadas para pacientes críticos. Los pacientes sometidos a cirugías no ortopédicas con bajo riesgo de ETV deberán realizar deambulación precoz (2C) y tromboprofilaxis mecánica (2C), mientras que aquellos en los que el riesgo de ETV sea elevado deberán recibir HBPM y HNF (1B o 2C según su riesgo de sangrado).

The Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax caeruleus) from Ensenada, Mexico, was exposed to two thermal regimes, cold (CR:13-18°C) and warm (WR:18-23°C) for 20 days. The thermal preference was studied using a gradient of temperatures, recording the preferred and avoided sites by the sardine. No significant differences among acclimation thermal regimes were observed for thermal preference. However, there was some difference for avoided temperatures showed by these two groups of sardine; 13.3-19.3°C was for CR and 16.9-22.3°C for WR. These results suggest that the studied sardine are able to survive within a thermal environment from 13.3 to 22.3°C, which shifts in the area delimited by San Francisco and Magdalena Bay.