Abstract The present study consisted in optimizing the extractive method of polyphenols and total tannins of leaves of Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels assisted by microwaves to potentiate the antimicrobial activity of the dried extract of S. cumini against sensitive and resistant strains. A Box-Behnken design that consisted of 27 experimental runs coupled with a desirability function for multiple response optimization was employed to optimize the total polyphenols content and total tannins content. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were evaluated by obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration in 96-well petri dishes. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be 8 min of extraction, under 300 w of microwave power, using a 1:34 g/mL solid/solvent ratio and 38% of ethanol concentration as extraction solvent. The parameter with the greatest influence in the extraction was primarily the time, followed by the potency and proportion solid/solvent. This yielded a total polyphenol content of 87.37 ± 1.85 mg TAE g-1ext and a total tannin content of 79.68 ± 1.64 mg TAE g-1 ext. All tested microorganisms were sensitive to the extract, evidencing the effectiveness of the extraction method optimization.

Abstract Syzygium cumini L. Skeels belongs to Myrtaceae family. This species has been recognized by its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Despite ever-increasing scientific interest for this species there is no pharmacopeia method for characterization and standardization of S. cumini yet. So, toward this aim, the objective of this work was to develop an efficient analytical methodology able to determine polyphenols and tannins content from leaves hydroethanolic extract of S. cumini using Folin-Ciocalteu method by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry (UV-Vis). The analytical methodology was developed for the first time in the literature for leaves of this specie shown to be fast and low-cost with results expressed through tannic acid equivalent (TAE). Moreover, the methodology presented selectivity with maximum absorption at 706 nm wavelength, linearity with R2>0.99; limit of detection 0.275 µg TAE mL-1 and 0.102 µg TAE mL-1; limit of quantification 1.046 µg TAE mL-1 and 0.912 µg TAE mL-1 for total polyphenols and total tannins, respectively. Furthermore, the methodology was accurate with recover value greater than 98%, as well as exact, reproductive, and robust with coefficient of variation values less than 15% for both compounds. All the results are found within the fixed limits according to RDC 166/2017.

Spectrophotometric determinations (direct dilution or after acid hydrolysis) of flavonoid content in leaves of Bauhinia forficata Link, Fabaceae, from two different regions from Brazil were compared with contents of kaempferitrin quantified by HPLC analysis. The absence of kaempferitrin peak in one sample denotes the risk of LC-method failure. On the other hand, the both spectrophotometric assays showed satisfactory performance and do not underwent influence from absence of kaempferitrin. Since several flavonoids are present in the herbal material, different content of flavonoids were observed for each analytical procedure. However, a strong positive association could be detected among methods (R²>0.99). Although a conversion factor should be adopted to compare procedures, the data showed that the spectrophotometric methods remain as an important tool for analysis of complex matrices such herbal drugs, notably when there aren't any pharmacological or chemical marker established for the species. Moreover, it's possible to suggest that the techniques studied in this work exhibit similar performance under the conditions employed. Nevertheless, before the adoption of kaempferitrin as an analytical marker by HPLC for Bauhinia species, the pharmacological knowledge should be better developed. In this cases, the use of spectrophotometric assay provide higher assurance of the reproducibility of the efficacy and safety.

Própolis é uma mistura complexa, formada por material resinoso e balsâmico. Sua composição química é complexa e variada, estando relacionada com a flora de cada região visitada pelas abelhas e com o período de coleta da resina. Inclui flavonóides, ácidos aromáticos, terpenóides e fenilpropanóides, ácidos graxos e vários outros compostos. A própolis tem sido objeto de intensos estudos farmacológicos e químicos nos últimos 30 anos. Em várias partes do mundo é indicada para melhorar a saúde e prevenir doenças. Atualmente, é disponível em várias formas farmacêuticas como cápsulas, extratos, enxaguatório bucal, na forma de pó, entre outras. Ainda são necessários estudos correlacionando a composição química com a atividade biológica, definindo cada tipo de própolis com a sua aplicação terapêutica. É uma tarefa imprescindível para um mercado cada vez maior e exigente em todo o mundo.

Propolis (bee glue) is a complex mixture, formed by resinous and balsamic material. Its chemical composition is variable and complex, being related with the flora of each region visited by the bees and with the period of resins collection. Flavonoids, aromatic acids, terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, fatty acids, and other compounds are found in propolis. In the last 30 years, propolis has become subject of intense pharmacological and chemical studies. In different parts of the world it is indicated to improve health and prevent illnesses. Currently, it is available in some pharmaceutical forms as capsules, extracts, mouthrinses, powder form, among others. Indeed, studies correlating the chemical composition with the biological activity are necessary, defining each type of propolis with its therapeutic application. It is an essential task for a market ever bigger and demanding in the whole word.

Furosemida (40mg) foi administrada a 20 cães de rua (cães SRD), 10 machos e 10 fêmeas, em duas formas farmacêuicas distintas: (1) furosemida comprimido 40mg formulada na Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE-comprimido) e (2) uma formulação comercial bioequivalente produzida pelo Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica do Estado de Pernambuco (LAFEPE-furosemida). O estudo objetivou avaliar a cinética de dissolução do UFPE-comprimido para analisar o comportamento da liodisponibilidade dos comprimidos buscando a melhor formulação para uso veterinário. As concentrações plasmáticas de furosemida para determinação de parâmetros farmacocinéticos, foram analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alto desempenho (HPLC). O estudo in vitro realizado através de análises físico-químicas demonstrou que as fórmulas dos comprimidos de furosemida preencheram os requisitos farmacêuticos de acordo com USP 23 e a Farmacopéia Brasileira. Avaliações realizadas em cães da formulação UFPE-comprimidos administrados em dose única, demonstrou uma uniformidade nos níveis sangüíneos indicando estabilidade na manutenção da forma farmacêutica e eficiência na absorção do princípio ativo. Estes valores não são significativamente diferentes em relação ao limite de confiança de 5%. Em relação a concentração de máximo (Tmax) e ao tempo de biodisponibilidade global avaliados por meios de AUC, não houve nenhuma diferença considerável. O comprimido UFPE-furosemide exibiu AUC de 743.492µg/mL.h e o LAFEPE-furosemide teve uma média de 537.284µg/mL.h.

Furosemide (40mg) was administered to 20 street dogs, 10 males and 10 females, in two different pharmaceutical forms: (1) compressed furosemide 40mg formulated at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE-tablet), and (2) a commercial formulation with equal bioequivalence produced by the Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Technology of Pernambuco State (LAFEPE), the LAFEPE-furosemide. The study aimed to evaluate the kinetics of dissolution of the UFPE-tablet in order to analyze the behavior of bioavailability of the best formulation for veterinary use. The plasmatic concentrations of furosemide for the determination of parameters of pharmacological kinetics were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC). The in vitro study accomplished through physiochemical analyses demonstrated that the formulas of the furosemide tablets attained the pharmaceutical requirements in agreement with USP 23 and the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. The evaluation accomplished in dogs with UFPE-tablets given in only dose demonstrated uniformity in blood levels indicating stability in maintenance of the pharmaceutical formulation and efficiency in absorption of the active compound. These values are not significantly different in relation to the 5% confidence limit. Regarding maximum concentration (Tmax) time and global bioavaibility assessed by AUC means, there were no considerable differences as well. UFPE-furosemide displayed 743.492µg/mL.h as AUC average value whereas LAFEPE-furosemide had an average of 537.284µg/mL.h.

O extrato de tubérculos de Operculina macrocarpa (Jalapa do Brasil) é um produto fitoterápico, com eficácia no tratamento de constipação, como laxante. A resina quantificada é extraída com solução hidroalcóolica apresentando constituintes orgânicos e inorgânicos, podendo ser dividida em duas frações principais: uma solúvel em éter, chamada de jalapina e outra, mais polar, ainda pouco estudada, denominada convolvulina. O interesse principal deste trabalho foi propor uma otimização da metodologia gravimétrica para doseamento da resina descrita na Farmacopéia Brasileira primeira edição e sua validação com o objetivo de diminuir os custos e o tempo de partição das fases. Os resultados obtidos na validação foram tratados estatisticamente por análise de variância one-way (ANOVA) e teste t de Student. O método demonstrou atender aos requisitos de boas práticas em laboratórios exigidos pela legislação brasileira em vigor, RE n° 899 de 29 de maio de 2003 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, sendo, portanto, sensível, exato e preciso para o doseamento do extrato de Operculina macrocarpa, conhecida popularmente como Jalapa-do-Brasil.

The tubercle extract of Operculina macrocarpa (Jalap of Brazil) is a phytomedicine, with effectiveness in the treatment of constipation, as laxative. The quantified resin is extracted with hydro-alcoholic solution, presenting organic and inorganic constituents, separable in two main fractions: one soluble in ether, called jalapina and other, more polar, still little studied, called convolvulina. The main objective of this work was to consider the optimization of the gravimetrical methodology for assay of the resin described in the Brazilian Pharmacopeia, First Edition and its validation, with the objective to diminish the costs and the partition time of the phases. The results achieved in the validation had been statistically treated by one-way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) and t test of Student. The method demonstrated to attend to the Good Manufacture Practice requirements for laboratories, demanded by actual brazilian law, RE n° 899 of May 29th of 2003 from the National Agency of Sanitary Vigilance, being therefore, sensible, accurate and precise for the assay of the Operculina macrocarpa extract, known popularly as Jalap of Brazil.

O Lapachol é uma naftoquinona isolada de várias espécies de plantas da família Bignoniáceas, encontrado facilmente nas regiões norte e nordeste do Brasil. Conhecido por suas propriedades anticancerígenas, possui ainda antiinflamatória, analgésica, antibiótica, antimalária antitripanossoma, e antiulcerogênica. O LAFEPE® em parceria com o Departamento de Antibióticos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE disponibiliza o Lapachol na forma de cápsulas de 250 mg e pretende, com este trabalho, apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a segurança e eficácia do Lapachol na terapêutica de modo a proporcionar uma maior difusão de conhecimentos na sua prescrição e torná-lo medicamento de referência dentro da política de genéricos do país.