Resumen Introducción La investigación ha demostrado que el perfil del turista con capacidades especiales busca destinos turísticos con servicios e infraestructura accesible e inclusiva; sin embargo, muchas áreas como la de estudio no cuentan con todos estos requerimientos. Objetivo Conocer las necesidades y deseos de una persona con capacidades especiales, para ayudar a fortalecer y a planificar de forma adecuada los destinos turísticos. Método La naturaleza de la investigación es cualitativa y cuantitativa, lo cual nos permitió cuantificar y analizar los resultados obtenidos a través de una encuesta. Resultados Los resultados de la investigación fueron que las personas con capacidades especiales estarían dispuestos a desarrollar turismo en áreas naturales como el Parque Nacional Yacuri, siempre y cuando tengan tanto las condiciones idóneas de accesibilidad como los requerimientos necesarios para desarrollar el turismo: baños accesibles, servicios de alojamiento, servicios de alimentación, transporte y actividades lúdicas y recreativas. Conclusión La investigación del perfil del turista con capacidades especiales resulta estratégica para que en política pública se construyan acciones y se consideren proyectos de implementación de servicios e infraestructura en áreas naturales; de esta manera, así reducir las brechas de desigualdad.

Abstract Introduction Research has shown that the profile of tourists with special abilities seeks tourist destinations with accessible and inclusive services and infrastructure; however, many areas such as the one under study do not meet all these requirements. Objective Knowing the needs and desires of a person with special abilities, to help strengthen and adequately plan tourist destinations Method The nature of the research is qualitative and quantitative, which allowed us to quantify and analyze the results obtained through a survey. Result The results of the research were that people with special needs would be willing to develop tourism in natural areas such as Yacuri National Park, as long as they have both the ideal conditions of accessibility and the necessary requirements to develop tourism: accessible bathrooms, lodging services, food services, transportation, and recreational and leisure activities. Conclusion Research on the profile of tourists with special abilities is strategic for public policy to build actions and consider projects for the implementation of services and infrastructure in natural areas, thus reducing inequality gaps.

ABSTRACT This research analyzes the degree of accessibility for people with disabilities in hotels categorized as three, four and five stars in the city of Loja-Ecuador, in terms of facilities and physical infrastructure. The methodology consisted of an exploratory case study with the use of different quantitative and qualitative tools. Extensive documentary research was carried out, basically on the NTE-INEN standards on accessibility to the physical environment, and a data collection instrument, a checklist, was developed to evaluate the degree of accessibility of the hotels. The results obtained indicate that the higher the star rating of the hotel establishments, the greater the probability of compliance with the NTE-INEN standards and the more improvement actions carried out in infrastructure, especially for people with physical limitations.

RESUMEN La presente investigación analiza el grado de accesibilidad para personas con discapacidad de los hoteles categorizados como tres, cuatro y cinco estrellas de la Ciudad de Loja-Ecuador, en cuanto a las instalaciones e infraestructura física. La metodología consistió en un estudio de caso de carácter exploratorio con la utilización de distintas herramientas tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas. Se realizó una amplia investigación documental, básicamente sobre las normas NTE-INEN sobre accesibilidad al medio físico, y se elaboró un instrumento de recolección de datos, una lista de verificación, para evaluar el grado de accesibilidad de los hoteles. Los resultados obtenidos indican que a mayor categorización de estrellas de los establecimientos hoteleros, mayor es la probabilidad del cumplimiento con las normas NTE-INEN y más son las acciones de mejoramiento realizadas en infraestructura, especialmente para personas que tienen limitaciones físicas.

Abstract This work aims to provide an overview of the territorial evolution of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in Brazil using socio-demographic variables, for the time span between February 26, 2020 until January 24, 2021. Socio-demographic indicators, basic sanitation infrastructure data, and epidemiological bulletins were integrated using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to develop a social vulnerability index (SVI), to estimate the degree of exposure risk of the Brazilian population to COVID-19. The results indicate that the majority of confirmed cases were reported from the main Brazilian capitals, linked to well-developed port and airport modes. In terms of deaths, the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Ceará and Pernambuco were at the top of the ranking. On the contrary, there were some states of the mid-west (Mato Grosso do Sul) and the north (Acre, Amapá, Roraima, Rondônia and Tocantins), that recorded low mortality indexes. The SVI reveals that the states of the north and north-east are the most vulnerable. Regarding the metropolitan areas, it was observed that the main capitals of the north and north-east, with the exception of Salvador, present significantly more critical numbers in terms of dissemination and deaths by COVID-19 than the capitals of the south-southeast, where the SVI is lower. The comparative exception was Santa Catarina state metropolitan areas. Finally, as the virus does not strike everyone in the same way, one of the great challenges is to search for solutions to cope with COVID-19 in the face of very unequal realities. Thus, a reflection on the strategies adopted by the Brazilian government is relevant, while considering the continental dimensions and the diversity of the Brazilian regions, to obtain a better analysis of the more vulnerable populations and social groups.

Resumen El trasplante facial es un alotrasplante compuesto vascularizado que busca la reconstrucción de defectos masivos faciales permitiendo la reinserción social del receptor, generando un impacto positivo sobre su calidad de vida. El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre generalidades del trasplante facial, enfocándose en los cuidados pre, intra y postoperatorios concernientes a la temática. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó desde el 13 de septiembre del 2018 hasta el 31 de marzo del 2019 utilizando los términos MESH “Face Transplant” y “Face Transplantation”. Aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvieron 43 artículos sobre los cuales se desarrolló la revisión. El trasplante facial es un procedimiento nuevo en el cual hay muchas áreas por explorar, sin embargo, es una alternativa prometedora a los métodos utilizados para la reconstrucción de lesiones faciales complejas, que se optimizará a medida que se extienda su uso. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(3): 29-36

Abstract The facial transplant is a vascularized compound allogeneic transplant that seeks the reconstruction of massive facial defects allowing the social reintegration of the recipient, generating a positive impact on their quality of life. The objective of this article was to review the literature on generalities of facial transplantation, focusing on the pre, intra and postoperative care regarding the subject. The bibliographic search was performed from September 13, 2018 to March 31, 2019 using the MESH terms “Face Transplant” and “Face Transplantation”. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 43 articles were obtained on which the review was developed. Facial transplantation is a new procedure in which there are many areas to explore, however, it is a promising alternative to the methods used for the reconstruction of complex facial injuries, which will be optimized as its use expands. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(3): 29-36

ABSTRACT The pictorial works that are so numerous in the territory of the city of Loja and are linked to the events of the historical past, to artistic aesthetics, and the emotions that can be presented to the viewer when he observes, but leaving a void in the interpretation. The objective of the research is to make a diagnosis and interpretation of the most relevant Christian religious symbology of the colonial era. In the absence of the tools for its interpretation and information of the religious symbology of the pictorial art of the city of Loja, an inventory of the pictorial works of the churches and religious museums is made and then analyzed and described through the use of documents related to the religious symbology Exploratory, descriptive and analytical research was applied to the development of the same, and through the application of information collection techniques, 245 artistic works were distributed, distributed in the different containers between museums and churches of the city that dates back to the time of the colony; Likewise, making an analytical comparison it was determined that they are the product of the revival of the imaginary of the medieval church.

RESUMEN Las obras pictóricas que son tan numerosas en el territorio de la ciudad de Loja y están ligadas a los eventos del pasado histórico, a las estéticas artísticas, y las emociones que puede presentar al espectador cuando observa, pero dejando un vacío en la interpretación. El objetivo de la investigación es hacer un diagnóstico e interpretación de la simbología religiosa cristiana más relevante de la época de la colonia. Al no haber las herramientas para su interpretación e información de la simbología religiosa del arte pictórico de la ciudad de Loja se realiza un inventario de las obras pictóricas de las iglesias y museos religiosos para luego ser analizadas y descritas mediante la utilización de documentos relacionados a la simbología religiosa. Para el desarrollo de la misma se aplicó la investigación exploratoria, descriptiva y analítica, y mediante la aplicación de técnicas de recolección de información se logró inventariar 245 obras artísticas que están distribuidas en los diferentes contenedores entre museos e iglesias de la ciudad que se remonta a la época de la colonia; así mismo haciendo una comparación analítica se determinó que son producto de la reactivación de la imaginaria de la iglesia medieval.

ABSTRACT The article identifies the factors that influence the students of the Educational Unit February 12 in the city of Zamora, the use of psychoactive substances. The data were obtained methodologically through surveys applied to 80 students, 80 parents and 12 teachers, subsequently the analysis of the results was carried out, which are framed in the characteristics of a quantitative and qualitative study, which indicates that both Family problems such as the influence of friends are risk factors in substance use in the students that make up the sample. The findings found in the investigation allowed to identify that the students of the Educational Unit February 12 if they consume psychoactive substances, after collecting and analyzing the information of the surveys applied to students, it was determined that there are several causes of the consumption of psychoactive substances such as influence of friends, bad intra-family relationships, accessibility to drugs and often out of curiosity, resulting in the absence of a comprehensive development of students, because adolescents are vulnerable to addictions.

RESUMEN En el artículo se identifican los factores que influyen en los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa 12 de febrero en la ciudad de Zamora, el uso de sustancias psicoactivas. Los datos fueron obtenidos metodológicamente a través de encuestas aplicadas a 80 estudiantes, 80 padres de familia y 12 docentes, posteriormente se realizó el análisis de los resultados, mismos que se enmarcan en las características de un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, la cual indica que tanto los problemas familiares como la influencia de amigos son factores de riesgo en el consumo de sustancias en los estudiantes que conforman la muestra. Los hallazgos encontrados en la investigación permitieron identificar que los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa 12 de febrero si consumen sustancias psicoactivas, luego de recopilar y analizar la información de las encuestas aplicadas a estudiantes se determinó que existen varias causas del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas como la influencia de amigos, malas relaciones intrafamiliares, accesibilidad a drogas y muchas veces por curiosidad, teniendo como consecuencia que no exista un desarrollo integral de los estudiantes, pues los adolescentes son vulnerables a las adicciones.

ABSTRACT The study aims to make an analysis of the bibliometric information of accessible and inclusive tourism in Ecuador, versus accessible tourism in other countries and cities: by means of a bibliometric review of scientific articles from different journals, those related to the subject have been classified of research to support this group that will gradually grow in the future and will be an objective audience with great potential, and for this, the identification of Ecuador's problem of accessibility was important to recognize and to solve them. It was identified that in Ecuador there is little information on the subject, so it is necessary that through case studies we can help this group and have a better vision of standards and minimum characteristics for people affected gradually in the accessibility in tourist destinations.

RESUMEN El estudio tiene por objetivo hacer un análisis de la información bibliométrica del turismo accesible e inclusivo en el Ecuador, frente al turismo accesible en otros países y ciudades: mediante una revisión bibliometrica de artículos científicos de diferentes revistas se ha clasificado los que tienen relación al tema de investigación para apoyar a este colectivo que gradualmente en el futuro ira creciendo y será un público objetivo con gran potencial, y para ello la identificación de la problemática del Ecuador sobre la accesibilidad fue importante reconocer para dar solución; mediante un árbol de problemas, se identificó que en el Ecuador hay poca información acerca del tema, por eso es necesario que a traves de estudios de caso se pueda apoyar a este colectivo y tener una mejor visión de normas y características mínimas para ir desarrollando paulatinamente la accesibilidad en los destinos turisticos.

ABSTRACT The objective of the following article is to analyze the professional development of people with disabilities in tourist companies in the city of Loja. From the study carried out, it was possible to know that the labor insertion in touristic companies of people with disabilities is 7% in relation to the 305 companies surveyed, likewise the respondents mentioned in the companies that work or business, the corresponding 82% 251 touristic companies do not have access for people with disabilities and 18% corresponding to 54 companies if they have this service that goes from ramps, elevator, bathrooms and signage. Touristic companies in the field of labor insertion should implement more accessibility in their companies such as labor insertion since it implies a new structural change in public and private companies.

RESUMEN El objetivo del siguiente artículo es analizar el desarrollo profesional de personas con discapacidad en empresas turísticas de la ciudad de Loja. A partir del estudio realizado se pudo conocer que la Inserción laboral en empresas turísticas de personas con discapacidad, es del 7% en relación a las 305 empresas encuestadas, así mismo los encuestados mencionaron en las empresas que trabajan o negocio, el 82% que corresponde a 251 empresas turísticas no tienen acceso para personas con discapacidad y el 18% que corresponde a 54 empresas si cuentan con este servicio que va desde rampas, ascensor, baños y señalética. Las empresas turísticas en materia de inserción laboral deberían implementar más accesibilidad en sus empresas como el de inserción laboral ya que supone un nuevo cambio estructural en las empresas públicas como privadas.

Nerve compression by anomalous muscles located at the wrist and distal forearm is an infrequent condition. Accessory muscles may compress underlying structures in the Carpal Tunnel region or ulnar canal , producing pain and paresthesia. Two cases of ulnar and median nerve compression, caused by prominent accessory muscles at the distal forearm, are described. Literature review is presented.

La compresión nerviosa causada por vientres musculares anómalos localizados en la muñeca y en el tercio distal del antebrazo es una condición poco frecuente. Músculos accesorios pueden comprimir estructuras subyacentes en la región del túnel del carpo o en el canal de ulnar, produciendo dolor y parestesia. Se presentan dos casos de compresión de los nervios ulnar y mediano en el tercio distal del antebrazo, causados por vientres musculares prominentes de músculos accesorios del antebrazo. Se presenta una revisión de la literatura.

ABSTRACT The use of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous support of hematopoietic progenitor cells is an effective strategy to treat various hematologic neoplasms, such as non-Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple myeloma. Mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells are the main source of support for autologous transplants, and collection of an adequate number of hematopoietic progenitor cells is a critical step in the autologous transplant procedure. Traditional strategies, based on the use of growth factors with or without chemotherapy, have limitations even when remobilizations are performed. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is the most widely used agent for progenitor cell mobilization. The association of plerixafor, a C-X-C Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) inhibitor, to granulocyte colony stimulating factor generates rapid mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. A literature review was performed of randomized studies comparing different mobilization schemes in the treatment of multiple myeloma and lymphomas to analyze their limitations and effectiveness in hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization for autologous transplant. This analysis showed that the addition of plerixafor to granulocyte colony stimulating factor is well tolerated and results in a greater proportion of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas or multiple myeloma reaching optimal CD34+ cell collections with a smaller number of apheresis compared the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor alone.

Dryadonycteris capixaba Nogueira, Lima, Peracchi and Simmons, 2012 was described from 3 specimens originally identified as Choeroniscus minor (Peters, 1868) collected in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. The present study reevaluates the geographic distribution of D. capixaba based on the re-identification of 5 specimens collected at 4 localities in northeastern Brazil, which were catalogued originally as C. minor and Lichonycteris obscura Thomas, 1895. The identification of these new specimens of D. capixaba extends the known distribution of the species northwards by approximately 1200 km, including also cloud forest enclaves within the xeric Caatinga scrub of northeastern Brazil, which may represent isolated populations.

Dryadonycteris capixaba Nogueira, Lima, Peracchi and Simmons, 2012 fue descrita a partir de 3 individuos inicialmente identificados como Choeroniscus minor (Peters, 1868) colectados en el Bosque Atlántico del sudeste de Brasil. Este estudio pretende reevaluar la distribución geográfica de D. capixaba con base en la reidentificación de 5 ejemplares colectados en 4 localidades en el noreste de Brasil, que fueron catalogados originalmente como C. minor y Lichonycteris obscura Thomas, 1895. La identificación de estos nuevos ejemplares de D. capixaba amplía la distribución conocida de la especie hacia el norte aproximadamente 1200 km, incluyendo también enclaves forestales nubosos encontrados en la Caatinga del nordeste de Brasil, que pueden representar poblaciones aisladas.

Para estimar o movimento de água no solo, determina-se, em laboratório, a condutividade hidráulica em meio saturado. Porém, os resultados dessa análise, ao se utilizar água destilada ou deionizada, podem não corresponder às condições de campo em solos que apresentem concentrações elevadas de sais solúveis. Por essa razão, determinou-se, em laboratório, utilizando-se soluções de trabalho de diferentes condutividades elétricas, a condutividade hidráulica de seis solos representativos do Estado de Pernambuco, com percentagem de saturação de sódio ajustada no intervalo de 5 a 30%. Os resultados evidenciaram que houve incremento nos valores de condutividade hidráulica, diretamente relacionado com a diminuição da percentagem de saturação de sódio e com o aumento da condutividade elétrica na solução de trabalho. A resposta aos tratamentos foi mais acentuada nos solos com maiores proporções de argilas mais ativas. As determinações de condutividade hidráulica são realizadas com água deionizada ou destilada. No entanto, para solos afetados por sais, conclui-se que as análises deveriam ser realizadas com soluções com condutividades elétricas diferentes de 0 dS m-1, utilizando-se valores próximos aos do extrato da pasta de saturação.

Hydraulic conductivity is determined in laboratory assays to estimate the flow of water in saturated soils. However, the results of this analysis, when using distilled or deionized water, may not correspond to field conditions in soils with high concentrations of soluble salts. This study therefore set out to determine the hydraulic conductivity in laboratory conditions using solutions of different electrical conductivities in six soils representative of the State of Pernambuco, with the exchangeable sodium percentage adjusted in the range of 5-30%. The results showed an increase in hydraulic conductivity with both decreasing exchangeable sodium percentage and increasing electrical conductivity in the solution. The response to the treatments was more pronounced in soils with higher proportion of more active clays. Determination of hydraulic conductivity in laboratory is routinely performed with deionized or distilled water. However, in salt affected soils, these determinations should be carried out using solutions of electrical conductivity different from 0 dS m-1, with values close to those determined in the saturation extracts.

Para estimar a dispersão de argilas determina-se, em laboratório, a argila dispersa em água. Esta análise pode não corresponder à realidade em solos salinos e salino-sódicos com concentrações elevadas de sais na sua solução. Neste contexto determinou-se a argila dispersa utilizando soluções de diferentes condutividades elétricas (0; 0,3; 0,6, 0,9 e 1,2 dS m-1) em sete solos representativos do Estado de Pernambuco com percentagem de saturação de sódio ajustada no intervalo de 5-30%. Os resultados evidenciaram que houve incremento nos valores da argila dispersa diretamente relacionado com o aumento da percentagem de saturação de sódio e com a diminuição da condutividade elétrica na solução de trabalho. A resposta aos tratamentos foi mais acentuada nos solos com maiores proporções de argilas mais ativas frente àqueles com mais óxidos de ferro. As determinações da argila dispersa em água são realizadas com água deionizada ou destilada; no entanto concluiu-se, para solos afetados por sais, que as análises deveriam ser realizadas com soluções de condutividade elétrica diferente de 0 dS m-1, utilizando-se valores próximos aos do extrato da pasta de saturação.

To estimate clay dispersion the water dispersible clay is determined in the laboratory. This analysis may not correspond to reality in saline and saline-sodic soils, with high concentrations of salts in the solution. In this context, the dispersed clay was determined, using solutions of different electrical conductivities (0; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9 and 1.2 dS m-1) in seven representative soils of the State of Pernambuco, with the exchangeable-sodium-percentage adjusted in the range of 5-30%. The results showed that there was an increase of dispersed clay directly related to the increase in the exchangeable sodium percentage and the decrease of the electrical conductivity of the solution. The response to treatments was more pronounced in soils with higher proportions of more active clays compared to those with more iron oxides. The determinations of the water dispersible clay are accomplished with deionized or distilled water. However, in soils affected by salts, it is concluded that the determinations should be carried out with solutions of electrical conductivity different from 0 dS m-1 using solutions with values similar to those determined in the saturation extract.