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Selecting a polymer depends on its characteristics, the properties of the drug and of the remaining ingredients in the formulation. The drug, when incorporated into a polymeric matrix, can show several advantages when compared with its conventional form. In this context, this work describes the preparation and characterization of polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) and its derivative particles loaded with benznidazole, as well as evaluates their trypanocidal activity. In this work, reactions to modify the PEG 4000 polymer and the subsequent incorporation of the benznidazole were made. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis confirmed the efficiency in modifying the PEG chains. The morphology of polymeric films was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and showed considerable changes on the film organization. The acetylation of PEG favored the stability of the system and an increase in the zeta potential from ?14.83 to ?25.54 mV was observed. Although encapsulation efficiency values between 30.14 and 39.48% were found, the enhanced benznidazole dissolution profile by microparticles enables the use of lower drug concentrations. This fact can be proven by the increased trypanocidal effect of benznidazole when encapsulated in BP3 microparticles. Finally, the high selectivity of the formulations for trypanocidal action guarantees their safety as an alternative for the treatment of the Chagas disease.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210017 96 descargas

Trypanosoma cruzi vectors and reservoirs in Southern Sergipe
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Euzébio, Diana Matos

; Santos, Fábia Regina dos

; Cruz, Daniel Matos Euzébio de Queiroz da

; Varjão, Ana Elisabeth Leal

; Costa, Isabela Soares

; Manhães, Guilherme Lopes Vasconcelos

; Nascimento, Eduardo Melo

; Correia, Dalmo

; Silva, Angela Maria da

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2021, Volumen 54 elocation e0740-2020

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease is a health problem that affects approximately 7 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. Vector transmission is one of the most important routes in South and Central American countries. Between 2013 and 2019, municipalities of Sergipe sent 507 triatomines for analysis, unveiling the largest records found in the south in the villages of Poço da Clara, Alagoinhas and Pilões, and the municipality of Tobias Barreto. The high prevalence of infected vectors in these localities motivated this epidemiological study. METHODS: After educational lectures on the vectors and risks of the disease, a structured questionnaire was administered to identify areas and risk factors for transmission of the parasite. The data guided the collection of vectors and blood samples from domestic reservoirs. RESULTS: The studied region is considered endemic for triatomines infected by Trypanosoma cruzi with three species of vectors; the highest prevalence was Panstrongylus lutzi (54.83%), followed by Triatoma pseudomaculata (43.54%), and Triatoma tibiamaculata (1.61%). In the villages in this study, 100% of the vectors were found intradomically. The coexistence of residents with domestic animals was reported by 62.04% (255) of those surveyed. Forty-one small animals that were actively living with humans at home in the localities were evaluated serologically. No infection was observed in the domestic animals. CONCLUSIONS: There are favorable conditions for the domiciliation of triatomines in the evaluated locations, contributing to the risk of vectorial transmission of Chagas disease.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0740-2020 271 descargas

Human acute Chagas disease: changes in factor VII, activated protein C and hepatic enzymes from patients of oral outbreaks in Pará State (Brazilian Amazon)
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Santos, Valéria Regina Cavalcante dos

; Antunes, Dina

; Souza, Dilma do Socorro Moraes de

; Moreira, Otacilio Cruz

; Lima, Igor Campos de Almeida

; Farias-de-Oliveira, Désio A

; Lobo, João Pedro

; de Meis, Ernesto

; Coura, José Rodrigues

; Savino, Wilson

; Junqueira, Angela Cristina Verissimo

; de Meis, Juliana

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2020, Volumen 115 elocation e190364

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Oral transmission of Chagas disease has been increasing in Latin American countries. The present study aimed to investigate changes in hepatic function, coagulation factor levels and parasite load in human acute Chagas disease (ACD) secondary to oral Trypanosoma cruzi transmission. Clinical and epidemiological findings of 102 infected individuals attended in the State of Pará from October 2013 to February 2016 were included. The most common symptoms were fever (98%), asthenia (83.3%), face and limb edema (80.4%), headache (74.5%) and myalgia (72.5%). The hepatic enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 30 ACD patients were higher compared with controls, and this increase was independent of the treatment with benznidazole. Moreover, ACD individuals had higher plasma levels of activated protein C and lower levels of factor VII of the coagulation cascade. Patients with the highest parasite load had also the most increased transaminase levels. Also, ALT and AST were associated moderately (r = 0.429) and strongly (r = 0.595) with parasite load respectively. In conclusion, the present study raises the possibility that a disturbance in coagulation and hepatic function may be linked to human ACD.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760190364 914 descargas

Fragment detection of Coleopteran and Triatomine insects in experimentally contaminated acai pulp and sugarcane juice
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Mattos, Elaine Cristina de

; Marciano, Maria Aparecida Moraes

; Daros, Vilma dos Santos Menezes Gaiotto

; Faccini, Cristiane Castro

; Lourenço, Angela Maria

; Pereira-Chioccola, Vera Lucia

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volumen 53 elocation e20190119

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Oral transmission of acute Chagas disease is an emerging public health concern. This study aimed to detect insect fragments in experimentally contaminated food, by comparing triatomines with other insects. METHODS Food samples were experimentally contaminated with insects, processed to recover their fragments by light filth, and analyzed by microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Morphological differences between coleopteran and triatomine insects were observed in microscopic images. PCR was efficient in amplifying Triatominae DNA in the experimentally contaminated food. CONCLUSIONS: This methodology could be utilized by food analysts to identify possible insect contamination in food samples.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0119-2019 1024 descargas

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Chagas disease in an endemic area of Sergipe State, Brazil
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Glass, Ivani Rodrigues

; Santos, Allan Dantas dos

; Varjão, Ana Elisabeth Leal

; Costa, Isabela Soares

; Correia, Dalmo

; Silva, Ângela Maria

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Oct 2018, Volumen 51 Nº 5 Paginas 660 - 664

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: We evaluated clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Sergipe. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we collected serum samples to identify serological markers of Chagas disease. A questionnaire was used, and electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, chest radiography, and contrast radiography of esophagus and colon were performed. RESULTS: T. cruzi infection seroprevalence was 12.1%, mean age of subjects was 55 years, 90% had an elementary school education, 78.6% were agriculture workers, and 60.5% had electrocardiographic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of T. cruzi infection was observed in mostly elderly individuals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0067-2018 1030 descargas

Systematic neonatal screening for congenital Chagas disease in Northeast Brazil: prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the Southern region of Sergipe
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Santos, Fábia Regina dos

; Euzébio, Diana Matos

; Oliveira, Genilde Gomes de

; Chagas, Mayra Souza

; Ferreira, Alex Ricardo

; Mendonça, Lídia Almeida

; Correia, Dalmo

; Silva, Angela Maria da

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Jun 2018, Volumen 51 Nº 3 Paginas 310 - 317

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease is caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, being one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Americas with an estimated six to seven million infected people worldwide. In Brazil, the improvement in vector control and blood donor screening has evidenced the important epidemiological role of congenital transmission of Chagas disease. METHODS: A serological survey for Chagas disease was performed in 3,952 newborns in the southern region of Sergipe using paper filter disks of dried blood samples. The newborns were screened using the Sergipe State Neonatal Screening Program between July 2015 and July 2016, and 3,749 and 750 blood samples were obtained for the IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay, respectively. In addition, mothers of the children who presented initial reagent serology were examined. RESULTS: Among 3,749 blood samples, samples of two children were positive for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; however, their confirmation test results were negative, suggesting passive transfer of the mother’s antibody. One puerpera was identified with Chagas disease, with a prevalence of 0.02%. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital Chagas disease was not observed in newborns in the Southern region of Sergipe. However, Chagas disease was observed in women of reproductive age. Therefore, effective measurements for monitoring and systematic evaluation should be conducted. The Neonatal Screening Program proved to be an effective public health strategy for the prevention and control of Chagas disease.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0024-2018 1300 descargas

Acute Chagas disease in the state of Pará, Amazon Region: is it increasing?
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Santos, Valéria Regina Cavalcante dos

; Meis, Juliana de

; Savino, Wilson

; Andrade, Jorge Alberto Azevedo

; Vieira, José Ricardo dos Santos

; Coura, José Rodrigues

; Junqueira, Angela Cristina Verissimo

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2018, Volumen 113 Nº 5 elocation e170298

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Acute Chagas disease (ACD) has a distinct epidemiological profile in the Amazon Region, with cases and outbreaks of Trypanosoma cruzi infection being possibly related to the ingestion of contaminated food. Data on ACD in the state of Pará retrieved from 2000 to 2016 from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) were evaluated. During this period, 2,030 of the 16,807 reported cases were confirmed, with a higher incidence between the months of August and December, thus characterising a seasonal pattern of acute infection, and coinciding with the higher production of “açaí”, one fruit likely involved in the oral transmission of the disease. Evaluation of the absolute numbers of confirmed ACD cases secondary to oral infection suggests that infection through this route increased during the 2010-2016 period, differing from what was recorded in terms of vectorial or other infection routes. These findings point to the need of intensifying strategies to prevent or substantially reduce oral transmission.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760170298 2980 descargas

Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the diagnosis and treatment of chikungunya fever. Part 2 - Treatment
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Marques, Claudia Diniz Lopes

; Duarte, Angela Luzia Branco Pinto

; Ranzolin, Aline

; Dantas, Andrea Tavares

; Cavalcanti, Nara Gualberto

; Gonçalves, Rafaela Silva Guimarães

; Rocha Junior, Laurindo Ferreira da

; Valadares, Lilian David de Azevedo

; Melo, Ana Karla Guedes de

; Freire, Eutilia Andrade Medeiros

; Teixeira, Roberto

; Neto, Francisco Alves Bezerra

; Medeiros, Marta Maria das Chagas

; Carvalho, Jozélio Freire de

; Santos, Mario Sergio F.

; Océa, Regina Adalva de L. Couto

; Levy, Roger A.

; Andrade, Carlos Augusto Ferreira de

; Pinheiro, Geraldo da Rocha Castelar

; Abreu, Mirhelen Mendes

; Verztman, José Fernando

; Merenlender, Selma

; Ribeiro, Sandra Lucia Euzebio

; Costa, Izaias Pereira da

; Pileggi, Gecilmara

; Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça

; Lopes, Max Igor Banks

; Brito, Carlos

; Figueiredo, Eduardo

; Queiroga, Fabio

; Feitosa, Tiago

; Tenório, Angélica da Silva

; Siqueira, Gisela Rocha de

; Paiva, Renata

; Vasconcelos, José Tupinambá Sousa

; Christopoulos, Georges

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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2017, Volumen 57 Supl. 2 Paginas s438 - s451

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A febre chikungunya tem se tornado um importante problema de saúde pública nos países onde ocorrem as epidemias, visto que metade dos casos evolui com artrite crônica, persistente e incapacitante. Os dados na literatura sobre terapêuticas específicas nas diversas fases da artropatia ocasionada pela infecção pelo vírus chikungunya (CHIKV) são limitados, não existem estudos randomizados de qualidade que avaliem a eficácia das diferentes terapias. Há algumas poucas publicações sobre o tratamento das manifestações musculoesqueléticas da febre chikungunya, porém com importantes limitações metodológicas. Os dados atualmente disponíveis não permitem conclusões favoráveis ou contrárias a terapêuticas específicas, bem como uma adequada avaliação quanto à superioridade entre as diferentes medicações empregadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar recomendações para o tratamento da febre chikungunya no Brasil. Foi feita uma revisão da literatura com seleção de artigos baseados em evidência, nas bases de dados Medline, SciELO, PubMed e Embase e de resumos de anais de congressos, além da opinião dos especialistas para dar apoio às decisões tomadas para definir as recomendações. Para a definição do grau de concordância foi feita uma metodologia Delphi, em duas reuniões presenciais e várias rodadas de votação on line. Este artigo refere-se à parte 2 das Recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia para Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Febre Chikungunya, que trata especificamente do tratamento.

Abstract Chikungunya fever has become an important public health problem in countries where epidemics occur because half of the cases progress to chronic, persistent and debilitating arthritis. Literature data on specific therapies at the various phases of arthropathy caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection are limited, lacking quality randomized trials assessing the efficacies of different therapies. There are a few studies on the treatment of musculoskeletal manifestations of chikungunya fever, but these studies have important methodological limitations. The data currently available preclude conclusions favorable or contrary to specific therapies, or an adequate comparison between the different drugs used. The objective of this study was to develop recommendations for the treatment of chikungunya fever in Brazil. A literature review was performed via evidence-based selection of articles in the databases Medline, SciELO, PubMed and Embase and conference proceedings abstracts, in addition to expert opinions to support decision-making in defining recommendations. The Delphi method was used to define the degrees of agreement in 2 face-to-face meetings and several online voting rounds. This study is part 2 of the Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia - SBR) for the Diagnosis and Treatment of chikungunya fever and specifically addresses treatment.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2017.06.004 38509 descargas

Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for diagnosis and treatment of Chikungunya fever. Part 1 - Diagnosis and special situations
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Marques, Claudia Diniz Lopes

; Duarte, Angela Luzia Branco Pinto

; Ranzolin, Aline

; Dantas, Andrea Tavares

; Cavalcanti, Nara Gualberto

; Gonçalves, Rafaela Silva Guimarães

; Rocha Junior, Laurindo Ferreira da

; Valadares, Lilian David de Azevedo

; Melo, Ana Karla Guedes de

; Freire, Eutilia Andrade Medeiros

; Teixeira, Roberto

; Bezerra Neto, Francisco Alves

; Medeiros, Marta Maria das Chagas

; Carvalho, Jozélio Freire de

; Santos, Mario Sergio F.

; Océa, Regina Adalva de L. Couto

; Levy, Roger A.

; Andrade, Carlos Augusto Ferreira de

; Pinheiro, Geraldo da Rocha Castelar

; Abreu, Mirhelen Mendes

; Verztman, José Fernando

; Merenlender, Selma

; Ribeiro, Sandra Lucia Euzebio

; Costa, Izaias Pereira da

; Pileggi, Gecilmara

; Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça

; Lopes, Max Igor Banks

; Brito, Carlos

; Figueiredo, Eduardo

; Queiroga, Fabio

; Feitosa, Tiago

; Tenório, Angélica da Silva

; Siqueira, Gisela Rocha de

; Paiva, Renata

; Vasconcelos, José Tupinambá Sousa

; Christopoulos, Georges

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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2017, Volumen 57 Supl. 2 Paginas s421 - s437

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A febre chikungunya tem se tornado um importante problema de saúde pública nos países onde ocorrem as epidemias. Até 2013, as Américas haviam registrado apenas casos importados quando, em outubro desse mesmo ano, foram notificados os primeiros casos na Ilha de Saint Martin, no Caribe. No Brasil, os primeiros relatos autóctones foram confirmados em setembro de 2014 e até a semana epidemiológica 37 de 2016 já haviam sido registrados 236.287 casos prováveis de infecção pelo chikungunya vírus (CHIKV), 116.523 confirmados sorologicamente. As mudanças ambientais causadas pelo homem, o crescimento urbano desordenado e o número cada vez maior de viagens internacionais têm sido apontados como os fatores responsáveis pela reemergência de epidemias em grande escala. Caracterizada clinicamente por febre e dor articular na fase aguda, em cerca de metade dos casos existe evolução para a fase crônica (além de três meses), com dor persistente e incapacitante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar recomendações para diagnóstico e tratamento da febre chikungunya no Brasil. Para isso, foi feita revisão da literatura nas bases de dados Medline, SciELO e PubMed, para dar apoio às decisões tomadas para definir as recomendações. Para a definição do grau de concordância foi feita uma metodologia Delphi, em duas reuniões presenciais e várias rodadas de votação on line. Foram geradas 25 recomendações, divididas em três grupos temáticos: (1) diagnóstico clínico, laboratorial e por imagem; (2) situações especiais e (3) tratamento. Na primeira parte estão os dois primeiros temas e o tratamento na segunda.

Abstract Chikungunya fever has become a relevant public health problem in countries where epidemics occur. Until 2013, only imported cases occurred in the Americas, but in October of that year, the first cases were reported in Saint Marin island in the Caribbean. The first autochthonous cases were confirmed in Brazil in September 2014; until epidemiological week 37 of 2016, 236,287 probable cases of infection with Chikungunya virus had been registered, 116,523 of which had serological confirmation. Environmental changes caused by humans, disorderly urban growth and an ever-increasing number of international travelers were described as the factors responsible for the emergence of large-scale epidemics. Clinically characterized by fever and joint pain in the acute stage, approximately half of patients progress to the chronic stage (beyond 3 months), which is accompanied by persistent and disabling pain. The aim of the present study was to formulate recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Chikungunya fever in Brazil. A literature review was performed in the MEDLINE, SciELO and PubMed databases to ground the decisions for recommendations. The degree of concordance among experts was established through the Delphi method, involving 2 in-person meetings and several online voting rounds. In total, 25 recommendations were formulated and divided into 3 thematic groups: (1) clinical, laboratory and imaging diagnosis; (2) special situations; and (3) treatment. The first 2 themes are presented in part 1, and treatment is presented in part 2.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2017.05.006 37996 descargas

10.

Processing of Brazil-nut flour: characterization, thermal and morphological analysis
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Santos, Orquídea Vasconcelos dos

; Lopes, Alessandra Santos

; Azevedo, Glaucinéia Oliveira

; Santos, Ângela Chagas

Food Science and Technology

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May 2010, Volumen 30 Supl. 1 Paginas 264 - 269

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A castanha-do-Brasil (Bertholletia excelsea H. B. K.) destaca-se por seus elevados teores em lipídios e proteínas de alta qualidade biológica, parâmetros que justificam a necessidade de maiores pesquisas e incentivos para a elaboração de novos produtos comerciais. No presente estudo, busca-se identificar novas formas de aproveitamento tecnológico dessas amêndoas pela indústria alimentícia, através de seu processamento sobre a forma de farinha sem alteração do teor energético. Os resultados após sua elaboração mostraram um produto com alto valor energético 431,48 kcal.100 g-1, teor de proteína de 45,92 g.100 g-1 e fibra alimentar de 17,14%. As análises térmicas indicam que a introdução de outro componente proteico, como o isolado proteico de soja, não altera as reações e comportamentos térmicos. Já as morfológicas evidenciaram estruturas granulares semelhantes à estrutura das matrizes de proteínas globulares. Constata-se que, após o processamento e obtenção de farinha, o produto mantém seu alto teor energético-proteico e, ao ser submetido a altas temperaturas, mantém suas características.

The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsea H. B. K.) is noteworthy for its high content of lipids and proteins of elevated biological value and these factors justify the need for further research and incentives for the manufacturing of new trade products. In the present study we sought new forms of technological use of these nuts by the food industry, through their processing as flour, with no alteration in its energy content. The results after its elaboration showed a product with high energy value (431.48 kcal.100 g-1), protein content of 45.92 g.100 g-1, and fiber of 17.14%. The thermal analyses indicate that the introduction of another protein component, such as soy protein isolate, does not alter the reactions or thermal behavior. On the other hand, morphological analyses revealed granular structures similar to the structure of globular proteins. It was observed that after processing to obtain the flour, the product maintains its protein-energy content, as well as its characteristics when subjected to high temperatures.

5008 descargas

11.

Morphobiological aspects of Rhodnius brethesi Matta, 1919 (Hemiptera:Reduviidae) from the Upper and Middle Negro River, Amazon region of Brazil: I - scanning electron microscopy
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Santos-Mallet, Jacenir Reis dos

; Junqueira, Angela Cristina Verissimo

; Moreira, Carlos José de Carvalho

; Andrade, Zelia

; Coura, José Rodrigues

; Gonçalves, Teresa Cristina Monte

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Dic 2005, Volumen 100 Nº 8 Paginas 915 - 923

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The occurrence of autochthonous cases of Chagas disease in the Amazon region of Brazil over recent decades has motivated an intensification of studies in this area. Different species of triatomines have been identified, and ten of these have be proven to be carriers of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi or " cruzi-like " parasites. Studies conducted in the municipalities of Santa Isabel do Rio Negro and Barcelos, located on the Upper and Middle of the Negro River, microregion of Negro River, state of Amazonas have confirmed not only that Rhodnius brethesi is present in the palm tree Leopoldinia piassaba, but also that this insect was recognized by palm fiber collectors. A morphological study of eyes, inter-ocular and inter-ocellar regions, antennae, buccula, labrum, rostrum, stridulatory sulcus and feet, including the apex of the tibia, spongy fossette and ctenidium was conducted by scanning electron microscopy. The buccula and the stridulatory sulcus presented notable differences in specimens of different genera and also of different species. These data make it possible to suggest that the details presented in these structures can be included as diagnostic characteristics to be used in new dichotomous keys, thereby contributing towards studies of taxonomy and systematics and furnishing backing for comparative analysis of specimens collected from different localities.

1907 descargas

12.

Acetogeninas de anonáceas isoladas de folhas de Rollinia laurifolia
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Nascimento, Francisco das Chagas do

; Boaventura, Maria Amélia Diamantino

; Assunção, Angela Cristina S.

; Pimenta, Lúcia Pinheiro Santos

Química Nova

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May 2003, Volumen 26 Nº 3 Paginas 319 - 322

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Phytochemical investigation of hexanic extract of leaves of Rollinia laurifolia afforded three known acetogenins, uvariamicin-I (1), solamin(2) and gonionenin(3), for the first time isolated from Rollinia genus. The structures of 1, 2 and 3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

4862 descargas

13.

Chagas disease in the Brazilian Amazon: IV. a new cross-sectional study
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COURA, José Rodrigues

; JUNQUEIRA, Angela Cristina Veríssimo

; BÓIA, Marcio Neves

; FERNANDES, Octavio

; BONFANTE, Claudina

; CAMPOS, José Eduardo

; SANTOS, Lucilaide

; DEVERA, Rodolfo

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2002, Volumen 44 Nº 3 Paginas 159 - 165

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

A new conglomerate family sample of 194 dwellings with 996 resident persons were studied in the town of Barcelos, State of Amazonas, in order to re-evaluate the risk of Chagas disease. During the survey the persons were interviewed and in this occasion we showed to them a collection of Panstrongylus, Rhodnius and Triatoma, asking if they recognized and eventually have been bitten by this kind of bugs. At this time we collected 500 ul of blood in microtainer® tubes from 886 interviewed persons who gave permission after informed consent. A screening test for T. cruzi antibodies based on agglutination of colored polymer particles, sensitized with three different synthetic peptides of T. cruzi (ID-PaGIA Chagas Test)®, showed 13.2% of sera positivity, but only 6.8% were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence, and ELISA with purified T. cruzi antigens. Two hundred and six interviewed persons (20.7%) recognized the triatomines, as "piaçavas' lice" and 62 (30%) confirmed that have been bitten by the bugs, 25.8% of them had a positive serology for T. cruzi infection. Electrocardiographic alterations were shown in 9.3% of the seropositives and in 11.9% of the seronegative cases. This was considered not statistically significant.

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14.

Reativação da infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi em paciente com síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida
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Galhardo, Maria Clara Gutierrez

; Martins, Ivana A.

; Hasslocher- Moreno, Alejandro

; Xavier, Sérgio Salles

; Coelho, Janice Mery Chicarino

; Junqueira, Angela Cristina Veríssimo

; Santos, Ricardo Ribeiro dos

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Jun 1999, Volumen 32 Nº 3 Paginas 291 - 294

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Uma paciente com síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA) e doença de Chagas, com xenodiagnóstico positivo, estava em uso prolongado de cetoconazol com o objetivo de suprimir a parasitemia e prevenir a reativação da doença de Chagas. O cetoconazol foi suspenso inadvertidamente após 6 meses de uso. Um mês após, a paciente foi internada com febre, cefaléia, vômitos, taquicardia e hepatoesplenomegalia. Tanto o xenodiagnóstico como o exame de sangue a fresco demonstraram a presença de Trypanosoma cruzi. O tratamento com benzonidazol foi instituído, com supressão da parasitemia. A paciente desenvolveu concomitantemente uma provável neurotoxoplasmose, evoluindo para o óbito em septicemia. À necropsia, não foram encontrados parasitas.

A patient with AIDS and asymptomatic Chagas's disease and positive xenodiagnosis was taking ketoconazole in order to supress parasitemia and prevent reactivation of Chagas's disease. Ketoconazole was unplanned suspended after 6 months, and the patient was admitted with fever, headache, vomiting, tachycardia, postural hypotension, hepatosplenomegaly, and positive xenodiagnosis one month later. Treatment with benzonidazole was begun leading to supression of parasitemia. The patient had probabily a neurotoxoplasmosis associated and progressed to coma and death with sepsis. No parasite was found in autopsy.

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15.

Xenodiagnóstico na doença de Chagas crônica: I- Sensibilidade de Panstrongylus megistus e Triatoma infestans
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Borges-Pereira, José

; Junqueira, Angela Cristina V.

; Santos, Laura Cristina

; Castro, José Adail F. de

; Araújo, Izeneide Barros de

; Coura, José Rodrigues

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Ago 1996, Volumen 29 Nº 4 Paginas 341 - 347

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

De janeiro de 1986 a fevereiro de 1994foram aplicados 563 xenodiagnósticos (XD) em igual número de pacientes chagásicos crônicos de diferentes áreas do Brasil; 292 mulheres e 271 homens com idades entre 6 e 89 anos (média = 41,4 ± 14, 7 anos). Em cada XD foram empregadas 40 ninfas no 4S estádio: 20 de Panstrongylus megistus (Pm) e 20 de Triatoma infestans (Ti) em jejum de pelo menos 14 dias. O exame de cada ninfa foi realizado 45 dias depois de aplicada no paciente, através da observação por microscopia óptica das fezes e/ou do triturado do tubo digestivo. Foram observados os seguintes resultados: a) XD positivos em 205 (36,4%) pacientes, sendo 85 (15,1%) devido exclusivamente às ninfas de Pm, 44 (7,8%) devido às de Ti e 76 (13,5%) devido a ambas Pm e Ti; b) positividade em 4,9% das ninfas de Pm e em 3,0% das ninfas de Ti. A análise destes resultados mostrou que as ninfas de Pm foram mais sensíveis do que as de Ti à infecção pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, aumentando significativamente a xenopositividade, independentemente da área de origem, sexo e faixa etária dos pacientes. Estes resultados indicam que, para aumentar o rendimento do XD na doença de Chagas crônica, este exame deve conter mais de uma espécie de triatomíneo com diferentes sensibilidades à infecção pelo T. cruzi e, no caso de uso de apenas uma espécie, as ninfas IV de Pm devem substituir as ninfas IV de Ti.

From January 1986 to February 1994, 563 xenodiagnosis (XD) were applied in 563 chronic chagasic patients from different areas of Brazil; 292 were women and 271 were men between 6 and 89 years (average: 41,4 ± 14, 7 years). To each XD 40 nymphs on the 4th stage were used: 20 from Panstrongylus megistus (Pm) and 20 from Triatoma infestans (Ti) in fast, during at least 14 days. The exam in each nymph was made 45 days after being applied on the patient, by observation in optical microscopy of the dregs and/or the grinded from the digestive tube. The results are: a) 205 (36.4%) positive XD, including 85 (15.1%) due only nymphs of Pm, 44 (7.8%) Ti and 76 (135%) Pm and Ti; b) positivity in 4,9 % of the nymphs from Pm and in 3,0 % of the Ti nymphs examined. Tese results analysis showed that the Pm nymphs were more sensitive than Ti's ones to the infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, increasing considerably the xenopositivity, independently from birthplace, sex or age of the patients. These results point out that to increase the efficacy of XD in chronic Chagas' disease, the exam must have more than a species of triatomine with different sensibilities to the T. cruzi infection, and in case of using one species on XD, Pm must substitute Ti.

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