OBJECTIVES: To assess the distribution of dementia subtypes in Brazil using a population-based clinicopathological study. METHOD: Brains from deceased individuals aged ≥50 years old were collected after the next of kin signed an informed consent form and provided information through standardized questionnaires. Post-mortem clinical diagnoses were established in consensus meetings, and only cases with moderate or severe dementia or without cognitive impairment were included in the analysis. Immunohistochemical neuropathological examinations were performed following the universally accepted guidelines. A diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was made when there were at least both a moderate density of neuritic plaques (Consortium to Establish a Register for Alzheimer's disease B or C) and Braak stage III for neurofibrillary tangle distribution. For the diagnosis of vascular dementia, at least three zones or strategic areas had to be affected by infarcts, lacunae, or microinfarcts. RESULTS: From 1,291 subjects, 113 cases were classified as having moderate or severe dementia, and 972 cases were free of cognitive impairment. The neuropathological diagnoses of the dementia sub-group were Alzheimer's disease (35.4%), vascular dementia (21.2%), Alzheimer's disease plus vascular dementia (13.3%), and other causes of dementia (30.1%). Small-vessel disease, which alone was not considered sufficient for a vascular dementia diagnosis, was present in 38.9% of all of the dementia cases and in 16.8% of the group without cognitive impairment (odds ratio = 2.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-5.51), adjusted for age, sex, and education. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively high frequencies of vascular dementia and small-vessel disease in the dementia sub-group constitute relevant findings for public health initiatives because control of vascular risk factors could decrease the prevalence of dementia in developing countries.

Descreve-se a ocorrência de calcinose enzoótica em búfalos no município de Poconé, Mato Grosso, associado ao consumo de Solanum glaucophyllum (Sg) [=Solanum malacoxylon]. Os casos foram observados entre os anos de 2007 e 2009. Em um rebanho de 40 búfalos, cinco apresentaram emagrecimento progressivo, dorso arqueado, marcha rígida, por vezes com dificuldade para se levantar e locomover, permanecendo apoiando sobre os carpos.Três animais recuperaram-se parcialmente e dois foram eutanasiados in extremis. Os principais achados de necropsia foram calcificação de tecidos moles, principalmente em artérias de grande e médio calibres. A presença de S. glaucophyllum nas pastagens, os sinais clínicos, além dos achados ultrassonográficos e patológicos envolvendo múltiplas calcificações de tendões e outros tecidos, são compatíveis com intoxicação por Solanum glaucophyllum.

This report describes the occurrence of enzootic calcinosis in buffaloes in the municipality of Pocone, Mato Grosso, due to the consumption of Solanum glaucophyllum (Sg) [=Solanum malacoxylon]. The cases were observed in the years 2007 and 2009. In a herd of 40 buffaloes, five showed weight loss, arched back, stiff gait, sometimes difficulty to raise and walk, and leaning on the carpus. Three buffaloes recovered partially and two were euthanized in extremis. The main necropsy findings were calcification of soft tissues, especially of large and medium arteries. The presence of S. glaucophyllum in the pasture, clinical signs, in addition to the sonographic and pathologic calcification involving tendons and other tissues, are consistent with Solanum glaucophyllum poisoning.

Este trabalho consiste no levantamento das espécies de Ochnaceae DC. que ocorrem no estado do Paraná. Foram registrados dois gêneros: Ouratea Aubl. com seis espécies, O. claudei G.S. Salvador, E.P. Santos & Cervi, O. parviflora (DC.) Baill., O. salicifolia (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Engl. , O. sellowii (Planch.) Engl., O. spectabilis Engl., O. vaccinioides (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Engl. e Sauvagesia L. com quatro espécies, S. erecta L., S. racemosa A.St.-Hil., S. capillaris (A.St.-Hil.) Sastre e S. vellozii (A.St.-Hil.) Sastre. São apresentadas chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, comentários e distribuição geográfica para cada espécie estudada.

This work is a survey of the species of Ochnaceae occurring in Paraná state. Two genera were recorded: Ouratea Aubl. with six species, O. claudei G.S. Salvador, E.P. Santos & Cervi, O. parviflora (DC.) Baill., O. salicifolia (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Engl., O. sellowii (Planch.) Engl., O. spectabilis Engl., O. vaccinioides (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Engl. and Sauvagesia L. with four species, S. erecta L., S. racemosa A.St.-Hil., S. capillaris (A.St.-Hil.) Sastre and S. vellozii (A.St.-Hil.) Sastre. Identification key, descriptions, illustrations, comments and geographic distribution are provided for each species.

Relata-se a intoxicação espontânea por Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (canudo, algodoeiro) em bovinos no Pantanal Matogrossense. As investigações iniciaram após a morte de 12 bovinos, de um rebanho de 500 animais, criados em uma extensa área intensamente infestada por I. carnea subsp. fistulosa com escassa disponibilidade de outra forragem. As mortes ocorreram entres os meses de junho e setembro de 2006. O quadro clínico foi caracterizado por emagrecimento e sinais neurológicos com dificuldade locomotora. Um bovino foi necropsiado sem que se observassem alterações macroscópicas significativas. Histologicamente havia tumefação e vacuolização celular, em neurônios, células acinares pancreáticas, tubulares renais e foliculares da tireóide. Bovinos com quadro clínico similar foram retirados da área invadida por I. carnea subsp. fistulosa e colocadas em áreas com pastagem nativa e de Brachiaria sp. e apresentaram melhora clínica após período de 15 dias.

A spontaneous Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (canudo, algodoeiro) poisoning of cattle in the county of Poconé, Brazilian Pantanal, is reported. The investigation began after 12 cattle had died from a flock of 500 animals maintained in an extensive area intensely infested by I. carnea subsp. fistulosa with scarce availability of other fodder plants. The deaths occurred from June to September of 2006. Clinical signs were loss of weight and neurological deficits with hypermetry and incoordination. No significant gross lesions were observed at postmortem examination of one bovine. Histological changes comprised widespread cytoplasmic vacuolation of neurons, cells of the thyroid, kidney and pancreas. Cattle with similar clinical picture, that had been removed from the area invaded by I. carnea subsp. fistulosa and placed into areas with native and Brachiaria sp. pasture, recovered clinically within 15 days.