RESUMEN El desarrollo agrícola exige una mayor adopción de maquinaria por parte de los productores para evitar el daño a la salud de los trabajadores por el exceso de ruido. En este escenario, este estudio presenta análisis utilizando geoestadística y Control Estadístico de Procesos (SPC) en el mapeo de la variabilidad espacial de la magnitud del ruido emitido por un microtractor para identificar zonas saludables para los trabajadores. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Universidad Federal de Lavras (UFLA), donde los niveles de ruido se recolectaron en puntos distribuidos en una cuadrícula de muestra regular de 2,0×2,0 m alrededor de la máquina. La dependencia espacial del ruido se analizó ajustando el semivariograma de tipo onda e interpolando por kriging ordinario y el SPC a través de cartas de control individuales. Fue posible observar valores de ruido superiores a 85 dB(A) en un radio de hasta 6 m alrededor del tractor en funcionamiento. El valor máximo de 91 dB(A) se obtuvo desde el asiento del operador, permitiendo así una exposición diaria máxima de 3,5 h. Además, se observó que las personas ubicadas a distancias mayores a 4 m del microtractor no necesitan usar equipo de protección personal para una exposición de 8 h de trabajo.

ABSTRACT Agricultural development requires greater adoption of machinery by producers to avoid damage to the worker's health due to excessive noise. In this scenario, this study aimed to analyze the noise magnitude emitted by a micro-tractor using geostatistics and Statistical Process Control (SPC) in mapping spatial variability to identify healthy zones for workers. The study was carried out at the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), where noise levels were collected at points distributed in a regular 2.0×2.0 m sample grid around the machine. The spatial dependence of noise was analyzed by adjusting the wave-type semivariogram and interpolating by ordinary kriging and the SPC through individual control charts. It was possible to observe alarming noise values above 85 dB(A) in a radius of up to 6 m around the tractor in operation. The maximum value of 91 dB(A) was obtained from the operator's seat, thus allowing maximum daily exposure of 3.5 h. In addition, it was observed that people located at distances greater than 4 m from the micro-tractor do not need to wear personal protective equipment for an exposure of 8 h of work.

Abstract Wood in civil construction has restrictions regarding its external use due to the actions of natural weathering, which can represent a real risk because they modify the characteristics of this material. This study aimed to evaluate the superficial deterioration of Trattinnickia rhoifolia (amescla), Parkia pendula (angelim), Erisma uncinatum (cedar), Apuleia leiocarpa (garapeira), and Mezilaurus itauba (itaúba) wood specimens exposed to natural weathering. For this purpose, wood samples were submitted to outdoor exposure on a metal platform, without contact with the ground, for 360 days. Every 60 days, the wood surface was characterized by colorimetry (L*, a*, b*, C*, h, and ΔE), roughness (Ra, Rz, and Rt), and hardness Rockwell. A darkened surface (grayish color) on the wood was observed after natural weathering, indicated by the decrease in the colorimetric parameters L*, a*, and b*. E. uncinatum wood presented the lowest values of the total color change (ΔE). In addition to the discoloration, weathered wood presented the highest values of surface roughness and the lowest values of Rockwell hardness due to the occurrence of surface cracks. A. leiocarpa and M. itauba woods presented greater stability of roughness and Rockwell hardness throughout the outdoor exposure.

Resumo A madeira na construção civil apresenta restrições quanto ao seu uso externo devido às ações do intemperismo natural, que podem representar um risco real pois modificam as características desse material. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar a deterioração da superfície das madeiras de Trattinnickia rhoifolia (Amescla), Parkia pendula (Angelim), Erisma uncinatum (Cedro), Apuleia leiocarpa (Garapeira) e Mezilaurus itauba (Itaúba) expostas ao intemperismo natural. Para tanto, amostras de madeira foram expostas às intempéries em uma plataforma metálica, sem contato com o solo, durante 360 dias. A cada 60 dias realizou-se a caracterização da superfície das madeiras por meio da colorimetria (L*, a*, b*, C*, h e ∆E), rugosidade (Ra, Rz e Rt) e dureza Rockwell. A exposição ao intemperismo natural tornou a superfície das madeiras mais escurecidas (coloração acinzentada), resultante da redução dos parâmetros colorimétricos L*, a* e b*. A madeira de E. uncinatum apresentou os menores valores de variação total da cor (∆E). Além da descoloração, as madeiras intemperizadas tornaram-se mais rugosas e com menor dureza Rockwell, devido à formação de fissuras superficiais. As madeiras de A. leiocarpa e M. itauba apresentaram maior estabilidade da rugosidade e da dureza Rockwell durante o período de exposição às intempéries.

Ultrasonic pretreatment of cowpea bean pod biomass with addition of tripotassium phosphate (K3PO4) was used to induce the production of bio-oil enriched in phenolic compounds. An ultrasound bath operating at 40 kHz, 154 W power, and constant biomass:K3PO4 ratio of 5:1 (m/m) was used for pretreatments with different durations: 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 8, and 12 h. After the pretreatment, the biomass was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor at 600 °C, under a flow of N2 at 5 mL min−1. The pyrolysis results indicated that the use of K3PO4 reduced the bio-oil yield, when compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis, and that the use of ultrasound caused increased biomass devolatilization, increasing the gas yield and reducing the formation of biochar. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the bio-oils indicated that pretreatment of the biomass led to significant increases of the phenolics contents, as well as alteration of the chemical profile of these compounds. The highest phenolics content of 8.12% m/m was obtained for the biomass submitted to 1.5 h of ultrasonic pretreatment, compared to 4.89% m/m for the untreated biomass.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a associação entre transtorno mental comum e qualidade de vida de pessoas idosas. Método: estudo seccional desenvolvido com 721 pessoas idosas brasileiras entre julho e outubro de 2020. Os participantes preencheram três instrumentos para avaliação dos dados biossociodemográficos, de saúde mental e qualidade de vida. Os dados foram analisados com os testes U de Mann-Whitney, H de Kruskal-Wallis, Qui-quadrado, correlação de Pearson e regressão linear multivariada, considerando um intervalo de confiança de 95% (p < 0,05) para todas as análises. Resultados: dentre os quatro componentes que avaliam o transtorno mental comum, somente três permaneceram associados com coeficientes negativos, com a qualidade de vida geral dos participantes: humor depressivo-ansioso (β = −2,050; [IC95% = −2,962 – −1,137]; p < 0,001), decréscimo de energia vital (β = −1,460; [IC95% = −2,197 – −0,723]; p < 0,001) e pensamentos depressivos (β = −4,124; [IC95% = −5,211– −3,038]; p < 0,001). Conclusão: a maioria dos componentes que avaliam o transtorno mental comum está negativamente associada à qualidade de vida, ou seja, o aumento desses transtornos implicou redução da qualidade de vida das pessoas idosas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the association between common mental disorder and quality of life in older adults. Method: cross-sectional study developed with a total of 721 Brazilian older adults between July and October 2020. Participants completed three instruments to assess bio sociodemographic, mental health and quality of life data. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, Chi-square, Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression tests, considering a 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05) for all analyses. Results: among the four components that assess common mental disorder, only three remained associated with negative coefficients with the participants’ general quality of life: depressive-anxious mood (β = −2.050; [CI95% = −2.962 – −1.137]; p < 0.001); decrease in vital energy (β = −1.460; [CI95% = −2.197 – −0.723]; p < 0.001) and depressive thoughts (β = −4.124; [CI95% = −5.211– −3.038]; p < 0.001). Conclusion: most components that assess common mental disorders are negatively associated with quality of life, that is, the increase in these disorders resulted in a reduction in the quality of life of older adults.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre los trastornos mentales comunes y la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores. Método: se trata de un estudio seccional que se llevó a cabo con 721 adultos mayores brasileños entre julio y octubre de 2020. Los participantes rellenaron tres instrumentos para evaluar los datos biosociodemográficos, de salud mental y de calidad de vida. Los datos se analizaron con la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, H de Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-cuadrado, correlación de Pearson y regresión lineal multivariada, considerando un intervalo de confianza del 95% (p < 0,05) para todos los análisis. Resultados: entre los cuatro componentes que evalúan el trastorno mental común, sólo tres permanecieron asociados a coeficientes negativos sobre la calidad de vida general de los participantes: humor depresivo-ansioso (β = −2,050; [IC 95% = −2,962– −1,137]; p < 0,001), disminución de la energía vital (β = −1,460; [IC 95% = −2,197 –0,723]; p < 0,001) y pensamientos depresivos (β = −4,124; [IC 95% = −5,211– −3,038]; p < 0,001). Conclusión: la mayoría de los componentes que evalúan el trastorno mental común están asociados negativamente a la calidad de vida; es decir, el aumento de estos trastornos implicó en una reducción de la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de partidas consecutivas de futebol escolar com intervalos de 24 e 48 horas no estado de recuperação física de jogadores Sub-19. Foram avaliados 35 homens (17,6±1,1 anos) atletas escolares sub-19. Durante a competição, foram realizados três jogos de 70-min de duração. Dezessete atletas tiveram intervalo de 24h entre cada jogo (grupo GGG). Dezoito atletas tiveram intervalo de 48 h entre o 2º e o 3º jogo (grupo GG48hG). Antes de cada jogo foram medidas a Qualidade Total de Recuperação, altura do salto com contra movimento, velocidade no sprint de 10-m, e força máxima isométrica lombar máxima. A carga interna do jogo foi calculada pelo produto da percepção subjetiva do esforço da sessão e tempo de cada jogo. Houve uma redução de 22% na qualidade total de recuperação (p <0,001) e de 12% no desempenho de sprint de 10 m (p <0,001) antes da terceira partida no grupo GGG, enquanto o grupo GG48hG não apresentou alterações para as mesmas variáveis (p> 0,05). O salto com contra movimento diminuiu antes da segunda partida em ambos os grupos (GGG = 12% e GG48hG = 10%; p <0,001), sem diferença entre os grupos (p> 0,05). Em adição, ambos os grupos não apresentaram alterações na força isométrica e na carga interna ao longo dos jogos (p> 0,05). Apesar de não proporcionar uma completa recuperação muscular, 48 h de intervalo entre o segundo e o terceiro jogo parece ter minimizado o efeito de jogos consecutivos na redução do desempenho.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cumulative school soccer matches separated by 24-h or 48-h intervals on the recovery status of U-19 players. Thirty-four school athletes (17.6 ± 1.1 years) who played in an U-19 school soccer competition (composed of one group with four teams and another group with three teams, followed by semifinals and final) were examined before three matches, which lasted 70 min. Seventeen athletes had a 24-h rest interval between each match (GGG group), while 18 athletes had a 48-h rest interval between the second and third matches (GG48hG group). Total Quality Recovery, countermovement jump, 10-m sprint, and maximum lumbar isometric strength were measured. The internal load of each match was calculated by the product of the session Rating of Perceived Exertion and match time. There was a 22% reduction in Total Quality Recovery (p< 0.001) and 12% in 10-m sprint performance (p< 0.001) before the third match in the GGG group, while the GG48hG group showed no changes for the same variables (p> 0.05). The countermovement jump decreased before the second match in both groups (GGG= 12% and GG48hG= 10%; p< 0.001), with no difference between groups (p> 0.05). In addition, both groups showed no changes in the isometric strength or the internal load match over the games (p> 0.05). Despite not providing complete muscle recovery, a 48-h interval between the second and third matches seems to have minimized the reduction of muscle performance due to consecutive matches.

Biodiesel made from oils is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids methyl esters, and, consequently, presents high tendency to oxidize. Biodiesel made from fats, on the other hand, is mainly comprised by saturated chains. Although it is highly stable, they easily crystalize at low temperatures. Blends from both can exhibit optimized properties. In this work, oxidative stability, expressed by induction period (IP), and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of blends from palm, palm kernel, babassu, tallow or lard biodiesels with soy one were measured. Biodiesel samples were prepared by two steps transesterification methodology with KOH catalysis followed by H2SO4. IP increases, as the fat biodiesel content in the blend is higher, as expected. Blends comprised by 60% of fat biodiesel by volume had their IP increased from 1.5 (lard) to 2 times (palm kernel), compared to soy one. At this level, IP was found 8 h or higher, except for palm, which 80% was required. CFPP was observed at 8 °C or lower for the blends containing up to 60% of all the fat biodiesel, except for the palm one, which a 20% content must not be surpassed. Palm kernel 80% biodiesel blend reached the Brazilian specification, that is, IP higher than 12 h and CFPP lower than 5 °C.

Abstract Aim: To verify the association between sociodemographic, academic background, professional performance, bibliographic production and training of human resources factors with the H Index of CNPq scientific productivity researchers in the field of Physical Education. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 94 researchers with scientific productivity grants (PQ) in the field of Physical Education in Brazil distributed into academic prestige level: PQ 1A-1D (n = 41) and PQ 2 (n = 53). For this, the H Index of these researchers was analyzed in the Scopus database. Related factors were sociodemographic, academic background, professional performance, bibliographic production, and training of human resources (student supervisor). Simple and multiple linear regression was used with a 5% significance level. Results: The H Index, number of citations, number of scientific articles in the last 10 years, number of books in the last 10 years, and the training of students at graduate levels of PQ 1A-1D was higher than that of PQ 2 (p <0.05). The H Index of PQ 1A-1D scholarship researchers was directly related to the number of scientific articles [H index = 8.48 + 0.11 * (Articles)]. The H index of PQ 2 scholarship researchers was directly related to the number of scientific articles and academic books and, inversely to the student supervision at master level [H index = 15.19 + 0.06 * (Articles) + 2.45 * (Books) - 0.34 * (Masters)]. Conclusion: H Index of researchers in the field of Physical Education in Brazil varied according to the academic recognition level.

RESUMO Nos programas de melhoramento de milho das empresas privadas é comum realizar os chamados ensaios avançados de produto (PAT) em vários ambientes de cultivo no intuito de melhor posicionar os novos híbridos, bem como oportunizar a avaliação por parte dos produtores. Neste trabalho objetivou-se descrever a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de híbridos de milho a partir de PATs em multiambientes utilizando a abordagem multivariada AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) combinada com métodos univariados. Foram considerados os dados de produtividade de grãos de doze híbridos de milho avaliados numa rede de PATs conduzidos pela empresa DuPont Pioneer em 80 ambientes nos estados de Minas Gerais e Goiás na safrinha de 2014. Foi empregada a análise AMMI e adicionalmente foram aplicados os métodos de regressão linear bissegmentada e os índices de Lin e Binns (1988) e de Annicchiarico (1992). Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os híbridos sob teste, bem como marcante variação macroambiental. O efeito da interação híbridos por ambientes foi expressivo. A aplicação do método AMMI possibilitou o estudo da interação híbridos por ambientes a partir de PATs de milho. Os híbridos 7 e 8 são recomendados para os ambientes de maior qualidade ambiental, enquanto que os híbridos 3, 5 e 12 apresentam adaptabilidade ampla. Os índices de Lin e Binns (1988) e de Annicchiarico (1992) destacam o híbrido 8 como o mais promissor, por associar elevada produtividade e menor risco de adoção pelos produtores nos ambientes de cultivo testados.

ABSTRACT In maize breeding programs conducted by private companies, it is common to perform the product advanced trials (PAT) in several cultivation environments in order to better recommend the new hybrids, as well as to provide opportunities for the farmers to evaluate their products. The aim of this study was to describe the adaptability and stability of maize hybrids from unreplicated PATs using a multivariate approach combined with univariate methods. We considered the grain yield data of twelve maize hybrids evaluated in a PATs network conducted by the company DuPont Pioneer in 80 cultivation environments in the states of Minas Gerais and Goias, in second-crop of 2014. The AMMI analysis was employed and additionally we applied the methods based on bisegmented linear regression, Lin and Binns index (1988) and Annicchiarico index (1992). Significant differences were verified among the tested hybrids. The macro-environmental variation and the effect of hybrid by environment (H x E) interaction were expressive. The application of the AMMI method allowed the study of the H x E interaction based on maize PATs. Hybrids 7 and 8 are recommended for higher quality environments, while hybrids 3, 5 and 12 present wide adaptability. The Lin and Binns (1988) and Annicchiarico (1992) indexes highlight the hybrid 8 as the most promising for associating high productivity and lower risk in the tested cultivation environments.

RESUMO A cultura do tomateiro apresenta vários entraves que dificultam o seu cultivo, com destaque para a traça-do-tomateiro, Tuta absoluta (Lep.: Gelechiidae). Para reduzir os danos causados por essa praga, o desenvolvimento de cultivares resistentes é uma das principais alternativas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho selecionar genótipos de tomateiro com elevados teores de acil-açúcar e resistentes à traça-do-tomateiro. Para isso, genótipos F2RC1, contrastantes para teores de aleloquímicos, resultantes do cruzamento interespecífico entre a cultivar Redenção, com características para processamento, e a espécie silvestre Solanum pennellii, acesso ‘LA-716’ de altos teores de acil-açúcares, foram submetidos a um ensaio de resistência à traça-do-tomateiro, contendo 14 tratamentos, sendo oito genótipos com alto teor de acil-açúcar, quatro com baixo teor, além dos parentais. Houve correlações e contrastes significativos entre os teores de acil-açúcar e características relacionadas à resistência à traça-do-tomateiro. O genótipo RVTA-2010-31-pl#177 comportou-se de maneira semelhante ao parental silvestre, demonstrando potencial para avançar no programa de melhoramento do tomateiro para processamento industrial com resistência à traça-do-tomateiro.

ABSTRACT Tomato crop presents several obstacles that hinder its cultivation, especially the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). To reduce damages caused by this pest, the development of resistant cultivars is one of the main alternatives. In this study we aimed to select tomato genotypes with high acylsugar contents and resistant to tomato leafminer. For this, contrasting F2RC1 genotypes for allelochemical contents, resulting from the interspecific cross between cultivar Redenção with processing characteristics, and the wild species Solanum pennellii accession ‘LA-716’, with high acylsugar contents, were submitted to a test of resistance to tomato leafminer with 14 treatments, being eight genotypes with high acylsugar content and four with low acylsugar content, in addition to the parental. Significant correlations and contrasts were observed between acylsugar contents and traits related to the resistance to tomato leafminer. The genotype RVTA-2010-31-pl#177 presented similar behavior to the wild parental, demonstrating potential to advance in the tomato breeding program for industrial processing with resistance to tomato leafminer.

BACKGROUND This work describes a chemical study of the essential oil from leaves of Xylopia ochrantha, an endemic Annonaceae species from Brazil, and its activity against Biomphalaria species. Considering its poor solubility in aqueous medium, the essential oil was nanoemulsified to evaluate its action on controlling some mollusc species of genus Biomphalaria, snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni that causes schistosomiasis, which mainly affects tropical and subtropical countries. OBJECTIVES The main aims of this work were to analyse the chemical composition of essential oil from X. ochrantha, and to evaluate the effect of its nanoemulsion on molluscs of genus Biomphalaria and their oviposition. METHODS Chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Nanoemulsions were prepared by a low energy method and characterised by particle size and polydispersity index. Biological assays evaluating the mortality of adult species of B. glabrata, B. straminea and B. tenagophila and their ovipositions upon contact with the most stable nanoemulsion during 24 and 48 h were performed. FINDINGS Chemical analysis by mass spectrometry revealed the majority presence of bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D in the essential oil. The formulation with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 9.26 was the most suitable for the oil delivery system. This nanoemulsion caused the mortality in B. tenagophila, B. straminea and B. glabarata of different sizes at levels ranging from 50 to 100% in 48 h. Additionally, the formulation could inhibit the development of deposited eggs. CONCLUSION Thus, these results suggest the use of nanoemulsified essential oil from X. ochrantha as a possible alternative in controlling some Biomphalaria species involved in the schistosomiasis cycle.

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou analisar o efeito de uma competição escolar de futebol com jogos em dias consecutivos no estado de recuperação física de jogadores sub-19. Foram avaliados, de forma aleatória, 31 atletas escolares (17,1±1,1 anos) participantes de uma competição escolar de futebol de campo sub-19, composta de duas chaves com quatro equipes cada, seguido de semifinais e final. Os jogos tiveram 70 min de duração (dois tempos de 35 min com 15 min de intervalo), e foram realizados em dias consecutivos com intervalo de 24h entre cada jogo. Foi medida a dor muscular de início tardio (DOMS) e Qualidade Total de Recuperação (QTR) antes de cada jogo da primeira fase (n= 31) e da semifinal (n=18). A carga interna dos jogos foi medida a pelo método da percepção subjetiva do esforço da sessão (PSE-sessão). A QTR foi maior antes do primeiro jogo em comparação com os demais jogos (p< 0.001). A DOMS aumentou após o primeiro jogo e não retornou aos valores basais antes do quarto jogo (p< 0.001). A PSE-sessão e a carga interna do quarto jogo foram maiores que as dos demais jogos (p< 0,001). Em adição, não houve correlação entre a carga interna do jogo e a QTR (p> 0,05). A monotonia encontrada no período avaliado foi de 3,1±2.0 UA. Os resultados indicam que o período de 24h parece ser insuficiente para a completa recuperação de atletas escolares de futebol sub-19, sugerindo a organização de competições escolares de futebol sub-19 com maior intervalo entre os jogos e busca por métodos que acelerem a recuperação.

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a school soccer competition with consecutive day games on the recovery status of U-19 players. Thirty-one school athletes (17.1±1.1 years) who played a U-19 school soccer competition (composed of two groups of four soccer teams each, followed by semifinals and final) were randomly evaluated. Games lasted 70 min (two periods of 35 min with 15 min rest interval), and they were played on consecutive days with 24 h between each game. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and Total Quality Recovery (TQR) were measured before group phase games (n= 31) and semifinals games (n= 18). The internal game load was measured by the session rate of perceived exertion (session-RPE) method. TQR was higher before the first game when compared to the other games (p< 0.001). DOMS increased after the first game and did not return to baseline before the fourth game. Both session-RPE and internal load of the fourth game were higher than in the other games (p< 0.001). In addition, there was no correlation between internal game load and TQR (p> 0.05). The monotony observed during the evaluated period was 3.1±2.0 AU. The results indicate that the 24 h rest period seems to be insufficient for complete recovery of U-19 soccer school athletes, suggesting the organization of U-19 school soccer competitions with higher rest interval between games and search for methods to increase the recovery rate.

Resumo Este estudo investigou o efeito da contaminação sanguínea na resistência de união do BiodentineTM (BD) e do MTA Angelus® (MTA-A) à dentina, em diferentes períodos. Vinte e cinco dentes foram seccionados para obter 120 fatias de dentina. Os lúmens das fatias foram preenchidos com MTA-A ou BD: 60 para cada cimento (30 não-contaminados e 30 contaminados com sangue). A resistência de união à dentina foi medida por teste push-out em 24 horas (n=10), 7 dias (n=10) e 28 dias (n=10). Os tipos de falha foram classificados como: falha coesiva, adesiva ou mista. Two-way ANOVA foi usado para investigar a interação entre contaminação sanguínea vs. período de hidratação. O teste de Mann Whitney comparou os diferentes materiais em cada período, e comparou as amostras contaminadas e não contaminadas de cada material em cada tempo. O teste de Friedman, seguido pelo teste de Dunn, comparou os períodos de hidratação de cada material, independentemente da contaminação. A análise estatística mostrou a interação entre contaminação sanguínea vs. período de hidratação. Os tipos de falha foram reportados de maneira descritiva. A interação entre contaminação sanguínea vs. período de hidratação foi altamente significativa para o MTA-A (P=0,001), e não foi significativa para o BD (P=0,474). Não houve diferenças entre a resistência de união entre o BD contaminado e não-contaminado independente do período. A resistência de união do MTA-A não-contaminado aumentou a cada tempo de hidratação; mas, permaneceu estável ao longo do tempo para as amostras contaminadas com sangue. BD obteve maior resistência de união que o MTA-A em todos os períodos de hidratação. Falhas coesivas predominaram. A contaminação ao longo do tempo influenciou a resistência de união no grupo MTA-A.

Abstract This study investigated the effect of blood-contamination on the push-out bond strength of BiodentineTM (BD) and MTA Angelus® (MTA-A) to root dentin over time. Twenty-five teeth were sectioned horizontally to obtain 120 root slices. The lumens were filled with MTA-A or BD: 60 for each cement (30 uncontaminated and 30 blood contaminated). Push out bond strength to dentin was assessed at 24 h (n=10), 7 days (n=10) and 28 days (n=10). Failure modes were classified as: cohesive, adhesive or mixed failure. Two-way ANOVA was used to investigate the interaction between blood contamination vs. hydration period. Mann Whitney test compared different materials in each period, and it also compared the contaminated versus uncontaminated material for each period. Friedman, followed by Dunn`s test, compared periods of hydration for each material, regardless of blood contamination. Failure modes were reported descriptively. The interaction hydration period vs. blood contamination was highly significant for MTA-A (P=0.001) and it was not significant for BD (P=0.474). There were no differences between bond strength of uncontaminated and contaminated BD in any of the periods. Bond strength of uncontaminated MTA-A increased at each time of hydration; but it remained stable over time for blood-contaminated samples. BD had higher bond strength than MTA-A in all periods of hydration. Cohesive failure predominated. Only for MTA-A, the over time bond strength to dentin was affected by blood contamination.

Abstract The biodiversity and evolution of the microbial community in açai fruits (AF) between three geographical origins and two spontaneous decay conditions were examined by applying culture-independent methods. Culture-independent methods based on 16S rRNA from fifteen samples revealed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were the most abundant phyla. At the genus level, Massilia (taxon with more than 50% of the sequences remaining constant during the 30 h of decay), Pantoea, Naxibacter, Enterobacter, Raoultella and Klebsiella were identified, forming the carposphere bacterial microbiota of AF. AF is fibre-rich and Massilia bacteria could find a large quantity of substrate for its growth through cellulase production. Beta diversity showed that the quality parameters of AF (pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity and lipids) and elemental analysis (C, N, H and C/N ratio) were unable to drive microbial patterns in AF. This research offers new insight into the indigenous bacterial community composition on AF as a function of spontaneous postharvest decay.

ABSTRACT Cardanol is a constituent of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid that presents larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. The isolation of cardanol is somewhat troublesome, however, in this work we describe an efficient and inexpensive method to obtain it as a pure material. The compound was used as starting material to make chemical transformation leading to saturated cardanol, epoxides and, halohydrins. These derivatives were tested for toxicity against Aedes aegypti larvae. The results showed that iodohydrins are very promising compounds for making commercial products to combat the vector mosquito larvae presenting a LC50 of 0.0023 ppm after 72 h of exposure.

Activated carbons and activated carbons modified with ZnO nanoparticles were prepared mixing agricultural wastes like corn cob or red mombin seed with the activating chemical agent, ZnCl2, in a weight ratio 1:1 or with ZnCl2 and zinc acetate in a weight ratio 1:1:0.5 in aqueous medium, respectively. Pellets were obtained from this slurry and were dried before being carbonized. The resulting material was repeatedly washed with a solution of HCl 0,5 M and abundant distilled water to finally be dried at 100°C for 12 h in the form of pellets, which were crushed and sieved to a size smaller than 0,25 mm. A Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope was used to characterize the different morphologies of the ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of the obtained activated carbon which depended of the raw material used to produce the activated carbon, however in both samples the presence of ZnO was detected by X-ray diffraction. Adsorption kinetic studies performed with methylene blue shown that the activated carbons based on corn cob, modified with ZnO, improved its kinetic process under UV radiation. However bare activated carbons had better adsorption properties than the activated carbons modified with ZnO most probably due to the fact that ZnO nanoparticles could cover active sites of the activated carbon.

Carbones activados y carbones activados modificados con nanopartículas de ZnO fueron preparados mezclando residuos agroindustriales como coronta de maíz o pepa de ciruela con ZnCl2, como agente químico activador en una proporción en peso 1:1, o con ZnCl2, y acetato de zinc, en una proporción en peso 1:1:0,5 en medio acuoso, respectivamente. Con la masa pastosa resultante se hicieron pellets, los cuales fueron secados para luego ser carbonizados. El material resultante fue lavado varias veces con una solución HCl 0,5 M y abundante agua destilada para luego ser secado a 100°C durante 12 h. Finalmente, los pellets fueron molidos y tamizados dejando pasar tamaños menores a 0,25 mm. Microscopía electrónica de barrido de emisión de campo fue utilizada para la caracterización de las diferentes morfologías de las nanopartículas de ZnO en la superficie del carbón activado modificado que dependió de la materia prima empleada para la obtención del carbón activado, sin embargo en ambas se determinó la presencia del ZnO por difracción de rayos X. Los estudios cinéticos de adsorción con azul de metileno mostraron que el carbón activado modificado con ZnO procedente de la coronta de maíz mejora su proceso cinético con la presencia de la radiación UV. Sin embargo los carbones activados tienen mejores propiedades de adsorción que los modificados con ZnO debido a que las nanopartículas de ZnO cubrirían los sitios activos del carbón activado.