ABSTRACT Our aim was to assess the mineral composition of corn silages produced in four states of Brazil: Goiás, Minas Gerais, Paraná, and Santa Catarina. In total, seventy-three samples were analyzed. Total element content was extracted by HNO3 and H2O2 microwave-assisted digestion, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine concentration. Of the 31 elements analyzed (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sr, Ti, Tl, U, V, and Zn), 21 had concentrations above equipment detection limits. No elements reached the maximum tolerable concentration, but concentrations of Ca (0.14-0.15%), Cu (3.4-5.6 mg kg−1), P (0.13-0.16%), S (0.06-0.08%), and Zn (13-19 mg kg−1) were below the adequate concentration for good nutritional balance. The strong and consistent correlation observed between Fe and Ti in silage samples indicated contamination by soil. Mean concentrations of Cu, Mn, Mo, P, S, and Zn were different among states, and canonic analyses successfully discriminate samples according to their state of origin. Minerals from corn silage should be considered when formulating balanced cattle diets. To ensure silage quality, farmers must adopt strategies that reduce contamination by soil during the ensiling process.

ABSTRACT This research aims to improve the study about the stability of truss structures used in pivot irrigation, widely used due to the growing demand for food production, when submitted to wind effects. Specifically, it aims to verify the maximum wind speed supported by an irrigation center pivot structure when submitted to the load effects caused by wind gusts perpendicular to the equipment. In order to determine these forces and their effects on the irrigation equipment, computational numerical investigations were carried out using finite element bar models validated by measuring the natural frequency of the equipment in the field. A span was designed based on the existing standards in Brazil and the dynamic response of the structure was examined under the effects of wind gusts. Models of the Brazilian standard NBR 6123/88 for structures submitted to wind effects were used in this study. The studied irrigation equipment supports wind gusts of up to 115 km/h applied perpendicularly, with a duration of 3 s, before generating toppling.

This study shows that polymer nanogels (well-defined cross-linked nanoparticles behaving as highly hydrated unimolecular objects) are suitable capping agents for palladium nanoparticle catalyst systems. In spite of the structurally complex nature of the catalysts, it was possible to go from acrylate-based monomers to ready-to-use and recyclable catalysts in only two-steps. First, nanogels were synthesized by activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) method with sequential addition of monomers. Then, in the second step, palladium acetate was reduced to obtain ready-to-use catalysts (ca. 25 nm nanogel structures containing ca. 7 nm palladium nanoparticles). The catalytic activity was confirmed in p -nitrophenol (Nip) reduction and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. The observed rate constants (kobs) for Nip reduction were in the range of 0.8-10.0 × 10-2 s-1 depending on the polymeric capping agent structure, with the highest value being found for nanogel-based systems. These composite catalysts also mediated the cross-coupling Suzuki reaction providing the expected products in quantitative yields under relatively mild conditions after 4 h at 50 ºC. The simplicity of catalyst preparation protocol that ensures excellent activity and the low concentration of polymer applied during the synthesis are a step forward in terms of environmental and economic prospects.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os parasitas gastrintestinais e pulmonares que acometem bezerros bem como a possível influência de fatores climáticos e da idade no parasitismo. Para isso, durante um período de 12 meses (setembro de 2014 a agosto de 2015), amostras de fezes foram coletadas a cada três meses diretamente da ampola retal de 140 bezerros mestiços (dois a 12 meses de idade), clinicamente saudáveis, pertencentes a duas propriedades leiteiras localizadas nos municípios de Botucatu (n=53) e Manduri (n=87), estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes pela técnica de McMaster modificada com sensibilidade de 50 ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Coproculturas foram realizadas em pool de amostras para a obtenção das larvas infectantes (L3). Larvas de primeiro estágio de Dictyocaulus viviparus foram recuperadas pela modificação da técnica de Baermann. Os dados não se apresentaram normalmente distribuídos (Shapiro-Wilk), e o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis foi utilizado para avaliar os dados de OPG em relação às estações do ano e faixa etária. Para comparações múltiplas, empregou-se o pós-teste de Dunn. Foi verificado que em Manduri, no inverno, houve um aumento significativo (P<0,0001) na contagem de OPG em comparação as demais estações do ano. Em Botucatu, os animais com dois a três meses de idade apresentaram maiores contagens de OPG quando comparados aos animais de oito a 12 meses de idade (P=0,01). A prevalência e a média global de animais positivos para ovos do tipo Strongylida, em Botucatu, foi de 81,1% e 340, respectivamente, e em Manduri foi de 83,9% e 854, respectivamente. Em adição, de maneira geral, foram encontrados ovos de Strongyloides spp., Moniezia spp., Trichuris spp. e oocistos de Eimeria spp. Foram recuperadas, em ordem de prevalência, larvas infectantes de Cooperia spp., Haemonchus spp., Oesophagostomum spp. e Trichostrongylus spp. Larvas de D. viviparus foram recuperadas somente na propriedade de Botucatu durante todo o ano, com exceção da primavera.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasites in calves and to evaluate seasonal and age patterns in parasitism. For this, we used 140 clinically healthy crossbreed calves (two to 12 months old) that belonged to two private farms in the municipalities of Botucatu (n=53) and Manduri (n=87), São Paulo state, Brazil. The calves were monitored for 12 months (from September 2014 to August 2015). Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum every three months. Fecal egg counts were determined using the modified McMaster technique with a sensitivity of 50 eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Coproculture was performed on pooled samples to identify Strongylida infective larvae. First-stage larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus were extracted by a modified Baermann method. The data showed non-normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk) and the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis test was employed to evaluate the EPG data by seasons and age groups. Dunn’s post-test was used for multiple comparisons (P<0.05). The calves from Manduri farm showed significantly higher fecal egg counts (P<0.0001) in the winter when compared to other seasons. At Botucatu farm, young calves (2-3 months old) showed significantly higher EPG than old calves (8-12 months) (P=0.01). The prevalence and overall mean of animals positive for Strongylida type-eggs were 81.1% and 340 in Botucatu, respectively, versus 83.9% and 854 in Manduri, respectively. Furthermore, we found Strongyloides spp., Moniezia spp., and Trichuris spp. eggs and Eimeria spp. oocysts. The prevalent genera in all coprocultures in decreasing order were: Cooperia spp., Haemonchus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. First-stage larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus were found only in Botucatu farm samples throughout the year, except in spring.

ABSTRACT A rare condition in itself, acquired hemophilia A, seldom presents as isolated gross hematuria. It is a serious condition with a high mortality rate and thus clinical suspicion followed by prompt diagnosis is imperative (1). In fact, only 8 cases of such presentation of this condition have been reported thus far in the literature. Of these, none describe the initial presentation of hematuria with the inciting event of a kidney stone. We present a case of a 67-year-old man with signs and symptoms of nephrolithiasis accompanied by profuse hematuria, who was subsequently found to have developed expression of factor VIII inhibitor leading to acquired hemophilia A.

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos no médio prazo da hospitalização nos primeiros 48 meses sobre o desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos aos 6 e 11 anos de idade entre membros de uma coorte de nascimentos em um país de renda média. Analisamos os dados de uma coorte de nascimentos de 2004 (N = 4.231) na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foi investigada a frequência da hospitalização aos 12, 24 e 48 meses de vida. Quando as crianças tinham 6 e 11 anos de idade, os transtornos psiquiátricos foram investigados com o Development and Well-Being Assessment. Usamos a regressão logística para ajustar os potenciais fatores de confusão. A frequência global de hospitalização durante os primeiros 48 meses de vida foi 33,1% (IC95%: 31,4; 34,7). Entre as crianças que tinham sido hospitalizadas, 25,6% (IC95%: 24,1; 27,1), 4,7% (IC95%: 4,0; 5,5) e 2,8% (IC95%: 2,3; 3,5) foram internadas 1, 2 ou ≥ 3 vezes durante o período, respectivamente. Depois de ajustar para os potencias fatores de confusão, as chances de apresentar qualquer transtorno psiquiátrico aos 6 e 11 anos de idade foram mais altas em crianças que haviam sido hospitalizadas nos primeiros 48 meses de vida, com OR de 1,50 (IC95%: 1,19; 1,88) e 1,63 (IC95%: 1,28; 2,07), respectivamente. Nossos resultados corroboram a hipótese de que a hospitalização na primeira infância tem efeito sobre a saúde mental posterior. São necessárias medidas preventivas para minimizar as experiências negativas de crianças com história de hospitalização na infância.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the medium-term effects that hospitalization in the first 48 months of life has on the development of psychiatric disorders at 6 and 11 years of age among individuals in a birth cohort in a middle-income country. We analyzed data from a 2004 birth cohort (N = 4,231) in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The frequency of hospitalization was investigated at 12, 24 and 48 months of life. When the children were 6 and 11 years old, psychiatric disorders were investigated with the Development and Well-Being Assessment. We used logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders. The overall frequency of hospitalization during the first 48 months of life was 33.1% (95%CI: 31.4; 34.7). Among the hospitalized children 25.6% (95%CI: 24.1; 27.1), 4.7% (95%CI: 4.0; 5.5) and 2.8% (95%CI: 2.3; 3.5) were hospitalized 1, 2 or ≥ 3 times during this period, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, the chance of presenting any psychiatric disorder at 6 and 11 years of age was higher for the children who had been hospitalized during the first 48 months of life than for those who had not, with OR of 1.50 (95%CI: 1.19; 1.88) and 1.63 (95%CI: 1.28; 2.07), respectively. Our results support the hypothesis that hospitalization in the early stages of life has an effect on the subsequent mental health of children. Preventive measures are needed in order to minimize the negative experiences of children who are hospitalized during infancy.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como meta evaluar los efectos a medio plazo que tiene una hospitalización durante los primeros 48 meses de vida en el desarrollo de trastornos psiquiátricos entre los 6 y 11 años de edad, con individuos en una cohorte de nacimientos en un país de renta media. Analizamos los datos de una cohorte de nacimientos de 2004 (N = 4.231) en la ciudad de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Se investigó una frecuencia de hospitalización a los 12, 24 y 48 meses de vida. Cuando los niños tenían entre 6 y 11 años de edad, se investigaron los trastornos psiquiátricos con una evaluación sobre desarrollo y bienestar. Se usó regresión logística para ajustar potenciales factores de confusión. La frecuencia general de hospitalización durante los primeros 48 meses de vida fue de un 33,1% (95%CI: 31,4; 34,7). Entre los niños hospitalizados un 25,6% (95%CI: 24,1; 27,1), 4,7% (95%CI: 4,0; 5,5) y 2,8% (95%CI: 2,3; 3,5) estuvieron hospitalizados 1, 2 o ≥ 3 veces durante este período, respectivamente. Tras ajustar los factores de confusión, la oportunidad de presentar cualquier trastorno psiquiátrico entre los 6 y 11 años de edad fue mayor para los niños que habían sido hospitalizados durante los primeros 48 meses de vida, respecto a quienes no lo habían estado, con un OR de 1,50 (95%CI: 1,19; 1,88) y 1,63 (95%CI: 1,28; 2,07), respectivamente. Nuestros resultados avalan la hipótesis de que la hospitalización en estadios tempranos de la vida tuvo un efecto en la futura salud mental de los niños. Son necesarias medidas preventivas, con el fin de minimizar las experiencias negativas de los niños que habían sido hospitalizados durante la infancia.

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos no médio prazo da hospitalização nos primeiros 48 meses sobre o desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos aos 6 e 11 anos de idade entre membros de uma coorte de nascimentos em um país de renda média. Analisamos os dados de uma coorte de nascimentos de 2004 (N = 4.231) na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foi investigada a frequência da hospitalização aos 12, 24 e 48 meses de vida. Quando as crianças tinham 6 e 11 anos de idade, os transtornos psiquiátricos foram investigados com o Development and Well-Being Assessment. Usamos a regressão logística para ajustar os potenciais fatores de confusão. A frequência global de hospitalização durante os primeiros 48 meses de vida foi 33,1% (IC95%: 31,4; 34,7). Entre as crianças que tinham sido hospitalizadas, 25,6% (IC95%: 24,1; 27,1), 4,7% (IC95%: 4,0; 5,5) e 2,8% (IC95%: 2,3; 3,5) foram internadas 1, 2 ou ≥ 3 vezes durante o período, respectivamente. Depois de ajustar para os potencias fatores de confusão, as chances de apresentar qualquer transtorno psiquiátrico aos 6 e 11 anos de idade foram mais altas em crianças que haviam sido hospitalizadas nos primeiros 48 meses de vida, com OR de 1,50 (IC95%: 1,19; 1,88) e 1,63 (IC95%: 1,28; 2,07), respectivamente. Nossos resultados corroboram a hipótese de que a hospitalização na primeira infância tem efeito sobre a saúde mental posterior. São necessárias medidas preventivas para minimizar as experiências negativas de crianças com história de hospitalização na infância.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the medium-term effects that hospitalization in the first 48 months of life has on the development of psychiatric disorders at 6 and 11 years of age among individuals in a birth cohort in a middle-income country. We analyzed data from a 2004 birth cohort (N = 4,231) in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The frequency of hospitalization was investigated at 12, 24 and 48 months of life. When the children were 6 and 11 years old, psychiatric disorders were investigated with the Development and Well-Being Assessment. We used logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders. The overall frequency of hospitalization during the first 48 months of life was 33.1% (95%CI: 31.4; 34.7). Among the hospitalized children 25.6% (95%CI: 24.1; 27.1), 4.7% (95%CI: 4.0; 5.5) and 2.8% (95%CI: 2.3; 3.5) were hospitalized 1, 2 or ≥ 3 times during this period, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, the chance of presenting any psychiatric disorder at 6 and 11 years of age was higher for the children who had been hospitalized during the first 48 months of life than for those who had not, with OR of 1.50 (95%CI: 1.19; 1.88) and 1.63 (95%CI: 1.28; 2.07), respectively. Our results support the hypothesis that hospitalization in the early stages of life has an effect on the subsequent mental health of children. Preventive measures are needed in order to minimize the negative experiences of children who are hospitalized during infancy.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como meta evaluar los efectos a medio plazo que tiene una hospitalización durante los primeros 48 meses de vida en el desarrollo de trastornos psiquiátricos entre los 6 y 11 años de edad, con individuos en una cohorte de nacimientos en un país de renta media. Analizamos los datos de una cohorte de nacimientos de 2004 (N = 4.231) en la ciudad de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Se investigó una frecuencia de hospitalización a los 12, 24 y 48 meses de vida. Cuando los niños tenían entre 6 y 11 años de edad, se investigaron los trastornos psiquiátricos con una evaluación sobre desarrollo y bienestar. Se usó regresión logística para ajustar potenciales factores de confusión. La frecuencia general de hospitalización durante los primeros 48 meses de vida fue de un 33,1% (95%CI: 31,4; 34,7). Entre los niños hospitalizados un 25,6% (95%CI: 24,1; 27,1), 4,7% (95%CI: 4,0; 5,5) y 2,8% (95%CI: 2,3; 3,5) estuvieron hospitalizados 1, 2 o ≥ 3 veces durante este período, respectivamente. Tras ajustar los factores de confusión, la oportunidad de presentar cualquier trastorno psiquiátrico entre los 6 y 11 años de edad fue mayor para los niños que habían sido hospitalizados durante los primeros 48 meses de vida, respecto a quienes no lo habían estado, con un OR de 1,50 (95%CI: 1,19; 1,88) y 1,63 (95%CI: 1,28; 2,07), respectivamente. Nuestros resultados avalan la hipótesis de que la hospitalización en estadios tempranos de la vida tuvo un efecto en la futura salud mental de los niños. Son necesarias medidas preventivas, con el fin de minimizar las experiencias negativas de los niños que habían sido hospitalizados durante la infancia.

Resumo: O conhecimento da incidência de acidentes na infância, de acordo com o estágio de desenvolvimento da criança, é importante para a formulação de programas de prevenção dirigidos para cada faixa etária. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a incidência de quedas, cortes e queimaduras, até os quatro anos de idade, conforme nível econômico da família e idade e escolaridade maternas, entre as crianças da coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2004. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidências e razões de taxas de incidências entre 0-12, 12-24 e 24-48 meses. As quedas foram os acidentes mais relatados em todos os períodos, seguidas dos cortes e queimaduras. Os meninos sofreram mais quedas e cortes do que as meninas nos dois primeiros anos de vida. No segundo ano de vida, a incidência de quedas e queimaduras praticamente triplicou e a de cortes dobrou, em comparação ao primeiro ano, dentre ambos os sexos. As queimaduras ocorreram com igual frequência entre meninas e meninos nos três períodos de idade analisados. Em suma, a incidência de quedas e cortes foi maior entre os meninos. Em ambos os sexos, ter mãe adolescente foi associado a quedas e cortes nos três períodos analisados; ter mãe com baixa escolaridade esteve associado a queimaduras e cortes aos 48 meses; e ser de família de baixo nível socioeconômico, a quedas e cortes aos 48 meses.

Abstract: Knowledge on the incidence of childhood accidents according to the child's stage of development is important for designing preventive programs targeting each age bracket. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of falls, cuts, and burns in children up to four years of age according to family economic status and maternal age and schooling, in children from the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort. We calculated the incidence rates and incidence rates ratios for the 0-12, 12-24, and 24-48- months of age. Falls were the most frequently reported accidents in all the age brackets, followed by cuts and burns. Boys suffered more falls and cuts than girls in the first two years of life. In the second year of life, the incidence of falls and burns practically tripled, while cuts nearly doubled when compared to the first year, in both sexes. Burns were equally frequent in girls and boys in all three age brackets. The incidence of falls and cuts was higher in boys. In both sexes, having an adolescent mother was associated with falls and cuts in all three age brackets; low maternal schooling was associated with burns and cuts at 48 months; and low family socioeconomic status was associated with falls and cuts at 48 months.

Resumen: El conocimiento de la incidencia de accidentes en la infancia, de acuerdo con el grado de desarrollo del niño, es importante para la formulación de programas de prevención dirigidos para cada franja de edad. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la incidencia de caídas, cortes y quemaduras, hasta los cuatro años de edad, conforme el nivel económico de la familia y edad y escolaridad maternas, entre los niños de la cohorte de nacimientos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2004. Se calcularon las tasas de incidencias y razones de tasas de incidencias entre 0-12, 12-24 y 24-48 meses. Las caídas fueron los accidentes más relatados en todos los períodos, seguidos de los cortes y quemaduras. Los niños sufrieron más caídas y cortes que las niñas durante los dos primeros años de vida. En el segundo año de vida, la incidencia de caídas y quemaduras prácticamente se triplicó y la de cortes se duplicó, en comparación con el primer año, entre ambos sexos. Las quemaduras se produjeron con igual frecuencia entre niñas y niños durante los tres períodos de edad analizados. En resumen, la incidencia de caídas y cortes fue mayor entre los niños. En ambos sexos, tener madre adolescente se asoció a caídas y cortes en los tres períodos analizados; tener madre con baja escolaridad estuvo asociado a quemaduras y cortes a los 48 meses; y ser de familia de bajo nivel socioeconómico, a caídas y cortes a los 48 meses.

Resumo: O conhecimento da incidência de acidentes na infância, de acordo com o estágio de desenvolvimento da criança, é importante para a formulação de programas de prevenção dirigidos para cada faixa etária. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a incidência de quedas, cortes e queimaduras, até os quatro anos de idade, conforme nível econômico da família e idade e escolaridade maternas, entre as crianças da coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2004. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidências e razões de taxas de incidências entre 0-12, 12-24 e 24-48 meses. As quedas foram os acidentes mais relatados em todos os períodos, seguidas dos cortes e queimaduras. Os meninos sofreram mais quedas e cortes do que as meninas nos dois primeiros anos de vida. No segundo ano de vida, a incidência de quedas e queimaduras praticamente triplicou e a de cortes dobrou, em comparação ao primeiro ano, dentre ambos os sexos. As queimaduras ocorreram com igual frequência entre meninas e meninos nos três períodos de idade analisados. Em suma, a incidência de quedas e cortes foi maior entre os meninos. Em ambos os sexos, ter mãe adolescente foi associado a quedas e cortes nos três períodos analisados; ter mãe com baixa escolaridade esteve associado a queimaduras e cortes aos 48 meses; e ser de família de baixo nível socioeconômico, a quedas e cortes aos 48 meses.

Abstract: Knowledge on the incidence of childhood accidents according to the child's stage of development is important for designing preventive programs targeting each age bracket. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of falls, cuts, and burns in children up to four years of age according to family economic status and maternal age and schooling, in children from the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort. We calculated the incidence rates and incidence rates ratios for the 0-12, 12-24, and 24-48- months of age. Falls were the most frequently reported accidents in all the age brackets, followed by cuts and burns. Boys suffered more falls and cuts than girls in the first two years of life. In the second year of life, the incidence of falls and burns practically tripled, while cuts nearly doubled when compared to the first year, in both sexes. Burns were equally frequent in girls and boys in all three age brackets. The incidence of falls and cuts was higher in boys. In both sexes, having an adolescent mother was associated with falls and cuts in all three age brackets; low maternal schooling was associated with burns and cuts at 48 months; and low family socioeconomic status was associated with falls and cuts at 48 months.

Resumen: El conocimiento de la incidencia de accidentes en la infancia, de acuerdo con el grado de desarrollo del niño, es importante para la formulación de programas de prevención dirigidos para cada franja de edad. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la incidencia de caídas, cortes y quemaduras, hasta los cuatro años de edad, conforme el nivel económico de la familia y edad y escolaridad maternas, entre los niños de la cohorte de nacimientos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2004. Se calcularon las tasas de incidencias y razones de tasas de incidencias entre 0-12, 12-24 y 24-48 meses. Las caídas fueron los accidentes más relatados en todos los períodos, seguidos de los cortes y quemaduras. Los niños sufrieron más caídas y cortes que las niñas durante los dos primeros años de vida. En el segundo año de vida, la incidencia de caídas y quemaduras prácticamente se triplicó y la de cortes se duplicó, en comparación con el primer año, entre ambos sexos. Las quemaduras se produjeron con igual frecuencia entre niñas y niños durante los tres períodos de edad analizados. En resumen, la incidencia de caídas y cortes fue mayor entre los niños. En ambos sexos, tener madre adolescente se asoció a caídas y cortes en los tres períodos analizados; tener madre con baja escolaridad estuvo asociado a quemaduras y cortes a los 48 meses; y ser de familia de bajo nivel socioeconómico, a caídas y cortes a los 48 meses.

Resumo No Brasil e no mundo, incubadoras e parques científico-tecnológicos (ISTPs) são continuamente adotados para fomentar o desenvolvimento regional. Entretanto, a incongruência entre o crescente número de ISTPs e a inconclusividade dos seus resultados motivam preocupações quanto à sua efetividade e suscitam questionamentos sobre como ocorre o processo de inovação nesses ambientes. Apesar das indicações da crescente possibilidade e necessidade de pesquisas quantitativas para o estudo desses habitats, poucas investigações adotaram essa abordagem. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a influência dos recursos promovidos por ISTPs nos resultados de P&D das organizações por eles hospedadas. Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa, composta por um levantamento de corte transversal. O maior grau de especificidade na observação e análise do ambiente empírico contribuiu para o avanço da literatura no sentido de propor uma estrutura para classificação dos recursos promovidos pelas ISTPs e identificar que tipos de recursos estão associados aos resultados de projetos de P&D.

Abstract In Brazil, as well as worldwide, incubators and science and technology parks (ISTPs) are continually used to foster regional development. However, the incongruence between the growing number of ISTPs and the inconclusiveness of their results raised preoccupations regarding their effectiveness and doubts on how they promote innovation. In spite of the growing possibility and need for quantitative research, few studies have adopted this methodological perspective. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of resources promoted by ISTPs on the results of their tenant's R&D projects. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used in this study. A higher specificity in the observation and analysis of ISTPs contributed to the advance of literature, so that a taxonomy of resources promoted by ISTPs was proposed and the key resources associated to R&D results could be identified.

Resumen En Brasil y en el mundo, incubadoras y parques científicos y tecnológicos (IPCTs) son continuamente adoptados para fomentar el desarrollo regional. Sin embargo, la incongruencia entre el creciente número de IPCTs y la inconclusividad de sus resultados produce preocupaciones en cuanto a su efectividad y cuestiones sobre cómo ocurre el proceso de innovación en estos ambientes. Aunque haya indicaciones de que estudios cuantitativos son posibles y necesarios para el adecuado análisis de IPCTs, en pocos trabajos se adoptó este abordaje. El objetivo en este artículo es examinar la influencia de los recursos promovidos por IPCTs en los resultados de I + D de las organizaciones hospedadas. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo con análisis de sesgo. El mayor grado de especificidad en la observación y análisis del ambiente empírico contribuye al avance de la literatura en el sentido de plantear una estructura para clasificación de los recursos de IPCTs e identificar qué tipos de recursos están relacionados con los resultados de proyectos de I + D.

With its ability to fabricate fully dense three-dimensional structures by selectively melting micro-sized metal powder, the additive manufacturing process of laser beam melting (LBM) is considered by many to be a significant technology that is complementary to the conventional forming and subtractive manufacturing processes. However, even with its ability to fabricate structures with characteristics comparable to conventional fabrication, the LBM process often lacks the consistency and degree of repeatability essential for its industrial acceptance for certain end-product applications. Inconsistency in the characteristics of structures is often related to a combination of variations in system technology, process, and user influence. In order to understand fully the potential and limitations of the LBM process, the paper discusses the design, methodology, and results of a round robin test conducted within the Collaborative Working Group (CWG) lasers in production at the International Academy of Production Engineering (CIRP). Observed mechanical characteristics for samples from each of the participants are presented. The experiments are designed to obtain data related to mechanical characteristics for different build orientations and processing conditions in addition to the inherent system technology variations. The paper further discusses the observed process phenomena and their association with the induced mechanical characteristics.

Die additiewe laserstraal smeltproses word deur kenners as 'n noemenswaardige tegnologie wat bydra tot die konvensionele vorming- en masjineringvervaardigingsprosesse geag, omdat dit oor die vermoë beskik om digte, driedimensionele strukture te vervaardig. Selfs met dié vermoë om strukture met eienskappe soortgelyk aan die konvensioneel vervaardigde strukture, ly die laserstraal smeltproses dikwels aan n tekort aan konsekwentheid en herhaalbaarheid wat krities is tot die industriële aanvaarding daarvan. Die veranderlikheid in die eienskappe van strukture is dikwels verwant aan 'n kombinasie van variasies in die sisteem tegnologie, proses- en gebruikerinvloed. Hierdie navorsing bespreek n rondomtalie toets wat op verskeie laserstraal smelters, wat by die Internasionale Akademie van Produksieingenieurs (CIRP) in gebruik is, uitgevoer is. Die toetse se mikpunt was om die potensiaal en beperkinge geassosieer met die laserstraal smeltproses beter te verstaan. Die waargeneemde meganiese eienskappe van monsters van elkeen van die monsters word voorgehou. Die eksperimente is ontwerp om data, wat verwant is aan die meganiese eienskappe wanneer verskeie veranderlikes tydens die vervaardigingsproses teenwoordig is, te verkry. Die waargeneemde prosesverskynsels en hul assosiasies met die geïnduseerde meganiese eienskappe, word dan bespreek.

Abstract Ventricular constraint therapy has been used to prevent and reverse the progression of heart failure in ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies. We hypothesized that ventricular restraint should be tried by closing the pericardium that was previously opened following left ventricle topographical projection. The surgical technique presentation is illustrated by a remarkable 13-year outcome of one patient with dilated cardiomyopathy treated surgically by mitral prosthesis, Cox/Maze III surgery to treat atrial fibrillation, and associated to the ventricular constraint using the patient's own pericardium. The ventricular pericardial restraint role is unclear, since the patient had multiple corrections that could be responsible for the good outcome; however it is viable deserving investigations.

RESUMOA variação nos elementos meteorológicos ao longo do ano, configurando as quatro estações, proporciona diferentes condições de crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, alterando o metabolismo e a constituição dos tecidos vegetais. Assim, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a influência da sazonalidade em parâmetros fenométricos e na produção de óleo essencial em Aloysia triphylla (L'Hérit) Britton, submetida a diferentes níveis de reposição hídrica cultivada em ambiente protegido. As avaliações foram realizadas no dia que marcou a metade de cada estação do ano (verão, outono, inverno e primavera), sendo coletado todo o material vegetativo 20 cm acima do solo. A reposição hídrica foi baseada na evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) para o ambiente externo em função dos dados de entrada da equação de Penman-Monteith a qual apresenta parametrizações para dados obtidos em estações meteorológicas em padrões oficiais, sendo assim aplicados 125, 100, 75 e 50% da ETo em turno de rega de dois dias. A produção de massa fresca, seca e de parte aérea, bem como a área foliar, apresentaram maiores valores na estação primavera, sendo o inverno e o verão responsáveis pelos menores valores. O maior teor de óleo essencial foi observado nas estações de menor produção de biomassa, ou seja, verão e inverno. A reposição hídrica que proporcionou maior produção de material vegetativo foi a de 125% da ETo; no entanto, o maior teor de óleo foi observado nas menores reposições hídricas (75 e 50 % da ETo, respectivamente). A produção de óleo foi maior na primavera, a qual não sofreu influência da reposição hídrica ao longo do ano.

ABSTRACTThe variation in weather elements throughout the year, setting the four seasons, provides different conditions for growth and development of plants, altering the metabolism and the structure of plants` tissues. This study aimed to determine the influence of seasonality on fenometrics parameters and on the oil production in Aloysia triphylla (L'Herit) Britton, subjected to different levels of water availability cultivated in greenhouse conditions. The evaluations were made on the day that marked the middle of each season (summer, autumn, winter and spring), and all plant material were collected 20 cm above ground. The water reposition was based on the evapotranspiration reference (ETo) to the external environment being applied 125, 100, 75 and 50% of ETo in an irrigation interval of two days. The production of fresh, dry and aerial part mass, as well as leaf areamass, showed higher values in the spring season, while winter and summer were responsible for lower values. The highest content of essential oil was observed at seasons with lower biomass production. The water availability that provided higher production of plant material was the one with 125% of ETo, however, the highest oil content was observed at lower water availability (75% and 50% of ETo, respectively). The oil production was higher in the spring and was not affected throughout the year by the water availability.

This study aimed to analyze the agreement between measurements of unloaded oxygen uptake and peak oxygen uptake based on equations proposed by Wasserman and on real measurements directly obtained with the ergospirometry system. We performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), which was applied to two groups of sedentary male subjects: one apparently healthy group (HG, n=12) and the other had stable coronary artery disease (n=16). The mean age in the HG was 47±4 years and that in the coronary artery disease group (CG) was 57±8 years. Both groups performed CPET on a cycle ergometer with a ramp-type protocol at an intensity that was calculated according to the Wasserman equation. In the HG, there was no significant difference between measurements predicted by the formula and real measurements obtained in CPET in the unloaded condition. However, at peak effort, a significant difference was observed between oxygen uptake ( V ˙O2)peak(predicted) and V ˙O2peak(real) (nonparametric Wilcoxon test). In the CG, there was a significant difference of 116.26 mL/min between the predicted values by the formula and the real values obtained in the unloaded condition. A significant difference in peak effort was found, where V ˙O2peak(real) was 40% lower than V ˙O2peak(predicted) (nonparametric Wilcoxon test). There was no agreement between the real and predicted measurements as analyzed by Lin’s coefficient or the Bland and Altman model. The Wasserman formula does not appear to be appropriate for prediction of functional capacity of volunteers. Therefore, this formula cannot precisely predict the increase in power in incremental CPET on a cycle ergometer.

One initiative largely stimulated through public policy to strengthen firms' innovation capacity is the creation and consolidation of Incubators and Science & Technology Parks (ISTPs). These habitats aim to foster innovation through, among other methods, the promotion of resource complementarity and action interdependence. Empirical studies, however, have not been conclusive about this. This article analyse the relations between resources provided by ISTPs and the elements of collaborative R & D. We conducted a survey with Brazilian ISTPs and analysed the results using a quantitative multilevel approach. Our study suggests that these innovative environments do affect collaborative R & D, but not by through the services and infrastructure they provide. We indicate possible alternatives to support future studies that analyse ISTPs in emerging countries.