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ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Extraction and characterization of collagen from the skin of Amazonian freshwater fish pirarucu
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Carpio, K.C.R.

; Bezerra, R.S.

; Cahú, T.B.

; Monte, F.T.D. do

; Neri, R.C.A.

; Silva, J.F. da

; Santos, P.R. dos

; Carvalho, R.P.

; Galeno, D.M.L.

; Inhamuns, A.J.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2023, Volumen 56 elocation e12564

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The need to fully exploit fishing resources due to increasing production and consequent waste generation requires research to promote the sustainability of the fishing industry. Fish waste from the industry is responsible for relevant environmental contamination. However, these raw materials contain high amounts of collagen and other biomolecules, being attractive due to their industrial and biotechnological applicability. Thus, to reduce the waste from pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) processing, this study aimed to obtain collagen from pirarucu skin tissue. The extraction process used 0.05 M sodium hydroxide, 10% butyl alcohol, and 0.5 M acetic acid, with extraction temperature of 20°C. The obtained yield was 27.8%, and through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), it was determined that the collagen obtained was type I. This study showed that collagen solubility was highest at pH 3 and the lowest solubility was at concentrations of 3% sodium chloride. The denaturation temperature of collagen was 38.1°C, and its intact molecular structure was observed using the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry technique with an absorption radius of 1. The results showed that it was possible to obtain collagen from pirarucu skin at 20°C, which has the typical characteristics of commercial type I collagen. In conclusion, the procedures used may be considered to be an interesting alternative for collagen extraction, a new product obtained from the processing of fish waste.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2023e12564

Calcium anacardate as source of anacardic acid in laying Japanese quail diet
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DOS SANTOS, REBECA C.

; FREITAS, EDNARDO R.

; NEPOMUCENO, RAFAEL C.

; LIMA, RAFFAELLA C.

; MONTEIRO, NAYANNA C.

; DA SILVA, CLEANE P.

; DO NASCIMENTO, GERMANO A.J.

; WATANABE, PEDRO H.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volumen 94 Nº 1 elocation e20190410

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Anacardic acid is naturally found in various parts of the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) and marketed as calcium anacardate. This product has antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity, and has been used in humans in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and tumors. In meat and egg production systems, anacardic acid is used as a substitute for growth-promoting antibiotics. The study objective was to evaluate effects of adding calcium anacardate as source of anacardic acid in laying Japanese quail diet on bird performance and eggs quality. A total of 252 Japanese quail with 22 week-old were studied, using a completely randomized design composed of six treatments with six replicates and seven quails per experimental unit. Treatments applied were: diet without growth promoter; diet with 0,1% growth promoter; and four diets without growth promoter and addition of 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.0% calcium anacardate (CA), respectively. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and treatment means compared with a SNK test (5%). The data from treatments containing CA were submitted to regression analysis. Treatments did not influence feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg volume, feed conversion ratio and eggs quality parameters. The addition up to 1% of calcium anacardate in laying Japanese quail diet, does not influence their performance and egg quality.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220190410

The use of Enzymes in Meat Quail Diets Containing Sunflower Seed Cake
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CORDEIRO, CARLA N.

; FREITAS, EDNARDO R.

; NEPOMUCENO, RAFAEL C.

; PINHEIRO, SARAH G.

; SOUZA, DAVYD H.

; SANTOS, EDIBERGUE O.

; MELO, MARCELLE C.A. DE

; SILVA, ANNA KAYLLYNY O.

; NASCIMENTO, GERMANO A.J. DO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volumen 94 Nº 4 elocation e20200138

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract We examined the effects of including sunflower cake (SC) associated with an enzyme complex (EC) in the diet of meat quails on nutrient metabolism, performance, carcass characteristics, bone parameters and economic viability. In total, 432 meat quails (7 to 42 days old) were assigned to six treatments in a completely randomised design with 6 replicates with 12 birds each. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was adopted (two levels of SC: 10 and 20%; three diet formulation strategies: normal, reduction in the nutrient and energy matrix considering the enzymatic contribution and reduced diet with EC). No interaction effect was observed. The increased levels of SC from 10% to 20% promoted in decrease in the metabolisability coefficients of dry matter and gross energy and in the value of AMEn and increased relative weight of gizzard. The addition of EC in diets containing SC allows a better metabolization of nitrogen and energy, equalize to the normal diet. The best breast yield was obtained in the birds fed the reduced diet with EC, in relation to normal diet. The reduced diet and the reduced diet with EC provided the lowest cost of food and the best economic efficiency index. Up to 20% of the sunflower cake can be included in the diet of cut quail, with or without enzyme supplementation. However, the use of the enzyme complex composed of carbohydrases, proteases and phytase can favor the metabolization of nitrogen and energy from the diet containing sunflower cake.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220200138

Ethanol extracts of mango seeds added to the diet of pigs increases antioxidant capacity of processed pork
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ARAÚJO, LINA R.S.

; WATANABE, PEDRO H.

; FERNANDES, DANILO R.

; MELLO, MARCELLE C.A.

; MAIA, IRVILA R. DE O.

; SILVA, ÊNIO C. DA

; OWEN, ROBERT W.

; NASCIMENTO, GERMANO A.J. DO

; TREVISAN, MARIA T.S.

; FREITAS, EDNARDO R.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volumen 93 elocation e20210406

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Synthetic antioxidants (e.g.butylhydroxytoluene, BHT) are routinely used for to restrict oxidative processes of meat products, but they are implicated as harmful to the health of humans. Therefore natural alternatives, such as plant antioxidants, have been sought as replacements. Plant antioxidants when added to the diet can be incorporated into meat and reduce the need for the addition of synthetic antioxidants during processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanol extracts of mango seeds (EEMS) in the diet of pigs on qualitative parameters and total antioxidant capacity of mortadella produced from these animals. Thirty-two pigs with an average 60 days of age were distributed among four treatments: control=no antioxidant; BHT=200ppm BHT; EEMS200=200ppm of EEMS and EEMS400=400ppm of EEMS. At 145 days of age the animals were slaughtered and loin was removed for the preparation of mortadella, which was analyzed during 90 days of storage at 4°C. A higher content of polyphenolic compounds and, total antioxidant capacity in mortadellas processed with meat of animals which consumed the EEMS400 ration after 60 and 90 days of storage was observed. EEMS polyphenolic antioxidants incorporated into pork through the diet results in an increase of total antioxidant capacity in the processed product.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120210406 1 descargas

Contribution of lung function in predicting distance covered in the 6-min walk test in obese Brazilian women
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Luchesa, C.A.

; Mafort, T.T.

; Silva, R.R.

; Paro, I.C.

; Souza, F.M.

; Lopes, A.J.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2020, Volumen 53 Nº 12 elocation e10279

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Obesity affects the respiratory system through various mechanisms, including systemic inflammation and direct mechanical hindrance due to fat deposition in the chest and abdomen. In addition, changes in the neural control of respiration and increases in thoracic blood volume can promote abnormalities in lung function. Thus, determining relationships between the distance covered in the 6-min walk test (6MWT) and demographic and lung function variables may help us better understand the mechanisms involved in reduced functional exercise capacity in obesity. To explore the determinants of the 6-min walking distance (6MWD) and evaluate the influence of lung function on the distance covered, 263 obese Brazilian women performed the 6MWT and underwent spirometry and respiratory muscle strength measurement. The mean age was 41.8±11.1 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 45±8 kg/m2. The 6MWD showed correlations with height (r=0.319), age (r=-0.281), weight (r=-0.370), BMI (r=-0.561), forced vital capacity (FVC, r=0.443), expiratory peak flow (r=0.278), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP, r=0.326), and maximal expiratory pressure (r=0.259), all with P<0.0001. In the stepwise forward regression analysis, BMI, FVC, age, and MIP were the independent predictive variables for 6MWD, explaining 41% of its variability. The reference equation including lung function was as follows: 6MWD (m) = 513.6 - (4.439 × BMIkg/m2) + (1.136 × FVC%predicted) - (1.048 × ageyrs) + (0.544 × MIP%predicted). Thus, the inclusion of lung function in a reference equation for 6MWD contributes to a better prediction of the distance covered in this population.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x202010279 714 descargas

Where do we aspire to publish? A position paper on scientific communication in biochemistry and molecular biology
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Baptista, M.S.

; Alves, M.J.M.

; Arantes, G.M.

; Armelin, H.A.

; Augusto, O.

; Baldini, R.L.

; Basseres, D.S.

; Bechara, E.J.H.

; Bruni-Cardoso, A.

; Chaimovich, H.

; Colepicolo Neto, P.

; Colli, W.

; Cuccovia, I.M.

; Da-Silva, A.M.

; Di Mascio, P.

; Farah, S.C.

; Ferreira, C.

; Forti, F.L.

; Giordano, R.J.

; Gomes, S.L.

; Gueiros Filho, F.J.

; Hoch, N.C.

; Hotta, C.T.

; Labriola, L.

; Lameu, C.

; Machini, M.T.

; Malnic, B.

; Marana, S.R.

; Medeiros, M.H.G.

; Meotti, F.C.

; Miyamoto, S.

; Oliveira, C.C.

; Souza-Pinto, N.C.

; Reis, E.M.

; Ronsein, G.E.

; Salinas, R.K.

; Schechtman, D.

; Schreier, S.

; Setubal, J.C.

; Sogayar, M.C.

; Souza, G.M.

; Terra, W.R.

; Truzzi, D.R.

; Ulrich, H.

; Verjovski-Almeida, S.

; Winck, F.V.

; Zingales, B.

; Kowaltowski, A.J.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2019, Volumen 52 Nº 9 elocation e8935

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The scientific publication landscape is changing quickly, with an enormous increase in options and models. Articles can be published in a complex variety of journals that differ in their presentation format (online-only or in-print), editorial organizations that maintain them (commercial and/or society-based), editorial handling (academic or professional editors), editorial board composition (academic or professional), payment options to cover editorial costs (open access or pay-to-read), indexation, visibility, branding, and other aspects. Additionally, online submissions of non-revised versions of manuscripts prior to seeking publication in a peer-reviewed journal (a practice known as pre-printing) are a growing trend in biological sciences. In this changing landscape, researchers in biochemistry and molecular biology must re-think their priorities in terms of scientific output dissemination. The evaluation processes and institutional funding for scientific publications should also be revised accordingly. This article presents the results of discussions within the Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, on this subject.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20198935 1769 descargas

Is Increasing Doses of Imazapyr + Imazapic Detrimental to the Main Crop Rotation Alternatives to Flooded Rice?
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ULGUIM, A.R.

; CARLOS, F.S.

; ZANON, A.J.

; OGOSHI, C.

; BEXAIRA, K.P.

; SILVA, P.R.F.

Planta Daninha

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2019, Volumen 37 elocation e019217913

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: A mistura formulada de imazapyr + imazapic é o principal herbicida usado para o controle de plantas daninhas em arroz no sistema Clearfield®. O uso contínuo de altas doses pode aumentar sua atividade residual no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a sensibilidade de culturas de cobertura e soja em rotação com arroz irrigado a diferentes níveis de resíduo de imazapir + imazapic no solo, bem como seus efeitos na microbiologia do solo. Um experimento de campo foi realizado durante as temporadas 2014/15 e 2015/16. Na primeira safra, o arroz irrigado foi cultivado e utilizaram-se doses do herbicida para formar níveis de resíduo no solo: 0, 140 (dose de bula equivalente a 73,5 + 24,5 g i.a. ha-1), 280, 560, 840 e 1.120 g ha-1. Após a colheita, durante o outono-inverno, foram semeados azevém e trevo-branco e pousio (sem cobertura do solo); e na safra seguinte foi semeada soja na mesma área (simulando rotação de culturas). Na ocasião, amostras de solo foram coletadas para realizar análises microbiológicas da atividade de fosfatase ácida, β-glicosidase, fluoresceína-diacetato e urease. Avaliaram-se as características de crescimento nas plantas de cobertura relacionadas aos níveis de resíduos no solo, assim como o desenvolvimento de soja relacionado aos resíduos e às plantas de cobertura utilizadas. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento da dose de imazapir + imazapic causou efeito negativo nas plantas de cobertura avaliadas aos 75 e 140 dias após a semeadura, principalmente em doses superiores ao dobro da dose de bula, o que também reduziu o crescimento e a produtividade da soja. Em geral, a atividade das enzimas no solo diminuiu com o aumento da dose do resíduo imazapyr + imazapic, mostrando menor atividade da microbiota à degradação dos herbicidas.

ABSTRACT: Imazapyr+imazapic ready mix is the main herbicide used to weed control in Clearfield® Rice System. The continuous use of high doses may increase their residual activity in the soil. The aim of this research was determine the sensitivity of cover crops and soybean in rotation with flooded rice to different levels of imazapyr+imazapic residues in the soil and its effect on soil microbiology. A field experiment was performed during the 2014/15 and 2015/16 seasons. In the first crop season, flooded rice was cultivated using herbicide rates in order to have levels of residue in the soil: 0, 140 (label dosage, equivalent to 73.5+24.5 g a.i. ha-1), 280, 560, 840 and 1,120 g ha-1. After crop harvest, during fall-winter, it was sown ryegrass, white clover and fallow (no soil cover); and in the followed season it was sown soybean in the same area (simulating rotation crop). At that occasion, soil samples were collected to perform soil microbiology analyses of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, fluorescein diacetate and urease activity. Growth characteristics on cover crops related to residue levels, and soybean development related to soil residue and cover crops used was evaluated. The results showed that the increase of imazapyr+imazapic doses caused a negative effect on the cover crops evaluated at 75 and 140 days after sowing, mainly at doses greater than twice the label dosage that also reduced the growth and yield of soybean. In general, the enzymes activity in soil decreased as the dose of the imazapyr+imazapic residue increased, showing lower microbiota activity to herbicides degradation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582019370100148 1058 descargas

Effects of abiotic factors on phenolic compounds in the Grape Nerry - a review
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Blancquaert, E. H.

; Oberholster, A.

; Ricardo-da-Silva, J. M.

; Deloire, A.J.

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture

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2019, Volumen 40 Nº 1 Paginas 1 - 14

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Grape berry phenolic compounds are widely described in literature. Phenolics can be divided into two main groups: flavonoids and non-flavonoids, of which the flavonoids are the most important. The two best-known groups of flavonoids are the anthocyanins and condensed tannins (also called proanthocyanidins). Anthocyanins are responsible for the red colour in grapes. The condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) are responsible for some major wine sensorial properties (astringency, browning, and turbidity) and are involved in the wine ageing processes. This review summarises flavonoid synthesis in the grape berry and the impact of environmental factors on the accumulation rate during ripening of each of the flavonoids. The impact of the accumulated flavonoids in grapes and the resulting impact on the sensorial aspects of the wine are also discussed.

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10.

Phytochemical Profile of Pasture Weeds from the Brazilian Cerrado
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RODRIGUES, D.A.

; PEREIRA, G.A.M.

; SILVA, A.A.

; SANTOS, M.H.

; DEMUNER, A.J.

; OLIVEIRA, P.M.

Planta Daninha

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2019, Volumen 37 elocation e019181108

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: A grande diversidade de espécies vegetais nas pastagens do cerrado brasileiro com características ecofisilógicas diferenciadas indica a possibilidade de encontrar no conteúdo celular dessa flora compostos químicos com potencial para uso na agricultura, saúde humana e animal. Para comprovação dessa hipótese, serão necessárias três etapas: a prospecção fitoquímica, a caracterização dos metabólitos secundários e os estudos sobre as atividades biológicas desses metabólitos presentes nessas plantas. Nesta pesquisa foi traçado o perfil químico dos metabólitos secundários presentes em cinco espécies do cerrado brasileiro (Davilla elliptica, Remijia ferrugínea, Luehea paniculata, Anacardium occidentale e Acosmium dasycarpum). A coleta das plantas foi realizada em áreas de pastagem do município de Felício dos Santos, Minas Gerais. As amostras foram secas e submetidas a dois tipos de extrato (etanólico e hexânico). Empregando reações químicas específicas, constatou-se nos extratos hexânicos a presença de cumarinas, triterpenos/esteroides, e antracenosídeos e, nos extratos etanólicos, de alcaloides, triterpenos/esteroides, flavonoides, taninos, compostos redutores e antocianinas. As espécies apresentaram diversificadas classes de compostos. Entretanto, em todas as espécies foram encontrados triterpenos/esteroides, taninos, compostos redutores e antocianinas, sendo o emprego do solvente etanol o mais eficiente na extração dos compostos. A espécie D. elliptica foi a que apresentou o maior número de classes de compostos. Considerando a sua ampla aplicação na medicina popular, justificam-se novos estudos sobre atividade biológica dos diferentes metabólitos nas áreas agrícola e da saúde.

ABSTRACT: The great diversity of plant species in pastures of the Brazilian Cerrado with distinct ecophysiological characteristics indicates the possibility of finding, in the cellular content of this flora, chemical compounds with potential for use in agriculture and human and animal health. Three steps are necessary to prove this hypothesis: phytochemical prospecting, characterization of secondary metabolites, and studies on the biological activities of these metabolites present in these plants. The chemical profile of secondary metabolites present in five species of the Brazilian Cerrado (Davilla elliptica, Remijia ferruginea, Luehea paniculata, Anacardium occidentale, and Acosmium dasycarpum) was traced in this research. These plant species were collected in pasture areas of Felício dos Santos, Minas Gerais. The samples were dried and submitted to two types of extract (ethanolic and hexanic). By using specific chemical reactions, the presence of coumarins, triterpenes/steroids, and anthracenosides was observed in the hexanic extracts, while the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes/steroids, flavonoids, tannins, reducing compounds, and anthocyanins was observed in the ethanolic extracts. The species presented diverse classes of compounds. However, triterpenes/steroids, tannins, reducing compounds and anthocyanins were found in all species, being the use of the solvent ethanol the most efficient in extracting the compounds. The species D. elliptica presented the highest number of classes of compounds. The widespread application in folk medicine justifies further studies on the biological activity of different metabolites in agriculture and health areas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582019370100028 1636 descargas

11.

Estudio CRONO: prevalencia del dolor irruptivo en pacientes con dolor crónico no oncológico en Andalucía, España
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Rodríguez-López, M.J.

; Torres-Morera, L.M.

; Herrera-Silva, J.

; Neira-Reina, F.

; Bustos-Rivera, A.

; Gallego-González, J.

; Gálvez-Mateos, R.

; Velázquez-Rivera, I.

; Caballero-Callejas, J.

; Heredia-Gil, F.J.

; González-Mesa, J.M.

; Sánchez-del-Águila, M.J.

; Santiago-Martín, J.

; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, C.

; Collazo-Chao, E.

; de-Alba-Moreno, R.

; Jiménez-López, A.J.

Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor

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Ago 2018, Volumen 25 Nº 4 Paginas 214 - 221

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of breakthrough pain (BTP) in ambulatory patients with non-cancer chronic pain in Spain and to characterize physiopathology, location, intensity and frequency of BTP episodes. Methods: Prospective, non-interventional, observational study conducted in 16 pain units of hospitals of Andalusia and Ceuta. Eligible consecutive patients were are asked if they experience BTP defined as "a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs either spontaneously, or in relation to a specific predictable or unpredictable trigger, despite stable and controlled background pain". At each survey day, the first two patients reporting BTP were further interrogated on the clinical characteristics of their BTP (etiology, onset, intensity, frequency and treatment). Results: A total of 3,209 patients with non-cancer chronic pain were screened to identify 1,118 patients with BTP, which represented a prevalence of 36 %. BTP characteristics were retrieved from 350 patients: mean BTP intensity was 8.3 (± 1.4) on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), with a mean of 2 episodes/24 hour (range 1-5/24 h). Pain mechanism was mixed in 149 (42.6 %), neuropathic in 91 (26 %) and nociceptive in 72 in (20.6 %) of patients. Significant correlation was found between BTP intensity and both higher background pain (r = 0.243, p < 0.001), and daily BTP episodes frequency (r = 0.123, p = 0.003). 78 % of the patients were on opioid treatment. The most frequent were fentanyl citrate (52.6 %) and tramadol (17.4 %). Conclusions: The prevalence rate of BTP in patients with chronic non-oncologic pain is higher than one-third of the patients seen in outpatient hospital pain units in Spain. BTP causes reduced levels of functionality, psychological disorders, and an increase in health care expenditure. Individualization is the key to treatment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de dolor irruptivo (DI) en pacientes ambulatorios con dolor crónico de origen no oncológico y caracterizar la fisiopatología, localización, intensidad y frecuencia de los episodios de DI. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y no intervencionista realizado en 16 unidades de dolor ambulatorias de hospitales de Andalucía y Ceuta. Se preguntó a los pacientes consecutivos elegibles si experimentan DI definido como "una exacerbación transitoria del dolor que ocurre espontáneamente, o en relación con un desencadenante predecible o impredecible específico, a pesar del dolor de base estable y controlado". En cada día de la encuesta, los dos primeros pacientes que confirmaron DI fueron preguntados sobre las características clínicas de su PTP (etiología, inicio, intensidad, frecuencia y tratamiento). Resultados: Se realizó un cribaje a un total de 3209 pacientes con dolor crónico no oncológico para identificar a 1118 pacientes con DI, lo que representó una prevalencia del 36 %. Se obtuvieron las características del DI de 350 pacientes: la intensidad media fue de 8,3 (± 1,4) en una Escala Analógica Visual (EVA), con una media de 2 episodios/24 horas (rango 1-5/24 h). El mecanismo del dolor fue mixto en 149 (42,6 %), neuropático en 91 (26 %) y nociceptivo en 72 (20,6 %) de los pacientes. Se encontró correlación positiva entre una mayor intensidad de DI con el nivel de dolor basal (r = 0,243, p < 0,001), y el número de crisis diarias de DI (r = 0,123, p = 0,003), ambas estadísticamente significativas. El 78 % de los pacientes estaba en tratamiento con opioides. Los más frecuentes fueron el citrato de fentanilo (52,6 %) y el tramadol (17,4 %). Conclusiones: La tasa de prevalencia del DI en pacientes con dolor crónico no oncológico es superior a un tercio de los pacientes atendidos en las unidades ambulatorias de dolor hospitalario en España. El DI provoca niveles reducidos de funcionalidad, trastornos psicológicos y un aumento del gasto asistencial. La clave del tratamiento es la individualización.

https://doi.org/10.20986/resed.2017.3626/2017 468 descargas

12.

Identification of a novel UMOD mutation (c.163G>A) in a Brazilian family with autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease
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Lopes, L.B.

; Abreu, C.C.

; Souza, C.F.

; Guimaraes, L.E.R.

; Silva, A.A.

; Aguiar-Alves, F.

; Kidd, K.O.

; Kmoch, S.

; Bleyer, A.J.

; Almeida, J.R.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2018, Volumen 51 Nº 3 elocation e6560

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, progressive chronic kidney disease, and a bland urinary sediment. ADTKD is most commonly caused by mutations in the UMOD gene encoding uromodulin (ADTKD-UMOD). We herein report the first confirmed case of a multi-generational Brazilian family with ADTKD-UMOD, caused by a novel heterozygous mutation (c.163G>A, GGC→AGC, p.Gly55Ser) in the UMOD gene. Of 41 family members, 22 underwent genetic analysis, with 11 individuals found to have this mutation. Three affected individuals underwent hemodialysis, one peritoneal dialysis, and one patient received a kidney transplant from a family member later found to be genetically affected. Several younger individuals affected with the mutation were also identified. Clinical characteristics included a bland urinary sediment in all tested individuals and a kidney biopsy in one individual showing tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Unlike most other reported families with ADTKD-UMOD, neither gout nor hyperuricemia was found in affected individuals. In summary, we report a novel UMOD mutation in a Brazilian family with 11 affected members, and we discuss the importance of performing genetic testing in families with inherited kidney disease of unknown cause.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20176560 1116 descargas

13.

In vitro antiparasitic activity and chemical composition of the essential oil from Protium ovatum leaves (Burceraceae)
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ESTEVAM, ELISÂNGELA B.B.

; DEUS, ISABELLA P.B. DE

; SILVA, VANESSA P. DA

; SILVA, ELIZABETH A.J. DA

; ALVES, CASSIA C.F.

; ALVES, JOSÉ MILTON

; CAZAL, CRISTIANE M.

; MAGALHÃES, LIZANDRA G.

; PAGOTTI, MARIANA C.

; ESPERANDIM, VIVIANE R.

; SOUZA, ALEX F.

; MIRANDA, MAYKER L.D.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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Dic 2017, Volumen 89 Nº 4 Paginas 3005 - 3013

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are globally widespread parasitic diseases which have been responsible for high mortality rates. Since drugs available for their treatment are highly hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and cardiotoxic, adherence to therapy has been affected. Thus, the search for new, more effective and safer drugs for the treatment of these diseases is necessary. Natural products have stood out as an alternative to searching for new bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential. In this study, the chemical composition and antiparasitic activity of the essential oil from Protium ovatum leaves against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis were evaluated. The essential oil was promising against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi (IC50= 28.55 μg.mL-1) and L. amazonensis promastigotes (IC50 = 2.28 μg.mL-1). Eighteen chemical constituents were identified by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in the essential oil, whose major constituents were spathulenol (17.6 %), caryophyllene oxide (16.4 %), β-caryophyllene (14.0 %) and myrcene (8.4 %). In addition, the essential oil from P. ovatum leaves had moderate cytotoxicity against LLCMK2 adherent epithelial cell at the concentration range under analysis (CC50 = 150.9 μg.mL-1). It should be highlighted that this is the first report of the chemical composition and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Leishmania amazonensis activities of the essential oil from Protium ovatum leaves.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720170310 1468 descargas

14.

Differential expression on mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase (mTcTXNPx) in Trypanosoma cruzi after ferrocenyl diamine hydrochlorides treatments
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Kohatsu, Andréa A.N.

; Silva, Flávia A.J.

; Francisco, Acácio I.

; Rimoldi, Aline

; Silva, Marco T.A.

; Vargas, Maria D.

; Rosa, João A. da

; Cicarelli, Regina M.B.

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Mar 2017, Volumen 21 Nº 2 Paginas 125 - 132

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Resistance to benznidazole in certain strains of Trypanosoma cruzi may be caused by the increased production of enzymes that act on the oxidative metabolism, such as mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase which catalyses the reduction of peroxides. This work presents cytotoxicity assays performed with ferrocenyl diamine hydrochlorides in six different strains of T. cruzi epimastigote forms (Y, Bolivia, SI1, SI8, QMII, and SIGR3). The last four strains have been recently isolated from triatominae and mammalian host (domestic cat). The expression of mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase was analyzed by the Western blotting technique using polyclonal antibody anti mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase obtained from a rabbit immunized with the mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase recombinant protein. All the tested ferrocenyl diamine hydrochlorides were more cytotoxic than benznidazole. The expression of the 25.5 kDa polypeptide of mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase did not increase in strains that were more resistant to the ferrocenyl compounds (SI8 and SIGR3). In addition, a 58 kDa polypeptide was also recognized in all strains. Ferrocenyl diamine hydrochlorides showed trypanocidal activity and the expression of 25.5 kDa mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase is not necessarily increased in some T. cruzi strains. Most likely, other mechanisms, in addition to the over expression of this antioxidative enzyme, should be involved in the escape of parasites from cytotoxic oxidant agents.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2016.10.010 764 descargas

15.

Relationship between ventilation heterogeneity and exercise intolerance in adults with sickle cell anemia
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Lopes, A.J.

; Marinho, C.L.

; Alves, U.D.

; Gonçalves, C.E.A.

; Silva, P.O.

; Botelho, E.C.

; Bedirian, R.

; Soares, A.R.

; Maioli, M.C.P.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2017, Volumen 50 Nº 8 elocation e6512

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) causes dysfunction of multiple organs, with pulmonary involvement as a major cause of mortality. Recently, there has been growing interest in the nitrogen single-breath washout (N2SBW) test, which is able to detect ventilation heterogeneity and small airway disease when the results of other pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are still normal. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to assess the heterogeneity in the ventilation distribution in adults with SCA and to determine the association between the ventilation distribution and the clinical, cardiovascular, and radiological findings. This cross-sectional study included 38 adults with SCA who underwent PFTs, echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), and 6-min walk test. To evaluate the ventilation heterogeneity, the patients were categorized according to the phase III slope of the N2SBW (SIIIN2). Compared with adults with lower SIIIN2 values, adults with higher SIIIN2 values showed lower hemoglobin levels (P=0.048), a history of acute chest syndrome (P=0.001), an elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity (P=0.039), predominance of a reticular pattern in the CT (P=0.002), a shorter 6-min walking distance (6MWD) (P=0.002), and lower peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) after exercise (P=0.03). SIIIN2 values correlated significantly with hemoglobin (rs=-0.344; P=0.034), forced vital capacity (rs=-0.671; P<0.0001), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (rs=-0.376; P=0.019), 6MWD (rs=-0.554; P=0.0003), and SpO2 after exercise (P=0.040). Heterogeneity in the ventilation distribution is one of the most common pulmonary dysfunctions in adults with SCA. Moreover, relationships exist between ventilation heterogeneity, worsening of pulmonary structural damage, and reduced tolerance for exercise.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20176512 1309 descargas

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