ABSTRACT Current instrumentation systems cannot fully prepare oval root canal systems. This may cause accumulation of hard tissue debris and fail to eliminate bacteria from areas inaccessible to instrumentation, which could perpetuate periapical inflammation and jeopardize the success of endodontic treatment Aim To evaluate the performance of two endodontic systems in oval canals by investigating the changes in volume, unprepared areas, and centering ability of XP-endo Shaper (XPS) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) in oval canals using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) Materials and Method Thirty mandibular canines were scanned before and after preparation with WOG (25/.07 and 35/.06) or XPS (30/.01) to evaluate the volume, surface area, and canal centralization at 4 mm and 10 mm from the apical foramen Results Volume and surface area increased significantly after preparation with both systems (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the unprepared areas, regarding either the entire canal (26.21% for WOG and 30.10% for XPS), or the apical segment (18.82% for WOG and 14.63% for XPS) (p >0.05) Conclusions Both systems maintained canal centralization, with no difference between them. XPS and WOG had similar shaping abilities in the mandibular canine, but left almost one third of the unprepared areas.

RESUMO Os sistemas de instrumentação atuais são incapazes de preparar completamente os sistemas de canais radiculares do canal oval, o que pode levar ao acúmulo de detritos de tecido duro e manter micro-organismos em áreas inacessíveis à instrumentação. Essas bactérias poderiam perpetuar a inflamação periapical e comprometer o sucesso do tratamento endodôntico Objetivo Para avaliar o comportamento de dois sistemas endodônticos em canais ovais, esse estudo investigou as alterações no volume, áreas não preparadas e capacidade de centralização do XP-endo Shaper (XPS) e do WaveOne Gold (WOG) em canais ovais usando microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT) Material e métodos Trinta caninos inferiores foram escaneados antes e depois do preparo com WOG (25/.07 e 35/.06) ou XPS (30/.01) para avaliar o volume, a área de superfície e a centralização do canal a 4 mm e 10 mm do forame apical Resultados O volume e a área de superfície aumentaram significativamente após o preparo com ambos os sistemas (p<0,05). No entanto, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas áreas não preparadas, não apenas em todo o canal (26,21% para WOG e 30,10% para XPS), mas também no segmento apical (18,82% para WOG e 14,63% para XPS) (p >0,05) Conclusão Ambos os sistemas mantiveram a centralização do canal, sem diferenças entre eles. O XPS e o WOG tiveram habilidades de modelagem semelhantes no canino mandibular, mas deixaram quase um terço das áreas do canal sem preparo.

Abstract The aim is to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia components and associations with socioeconomic variables in older persons living in rural areas in the state of Ceará, Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 274 older adults. Muscle mass was assessed using muscle mass index (MMI), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and calf circumference. Muscle strength (MS) was assessed using the handgrip test. Physical performance was measured using the walk test to calculate gait speed (GS) and the timed up-and-go test. Probable sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low MS, while confirmed sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low MS and low MMI. Severe sarcopenia was defined as the presence of the latter two criteria and slow GS. We tested for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits and the components of sarcopenia. The logistic regression produced the following results: i) prevalence of low MS was higher among men, individuals aged >69 years, and in those not working at the time of the study; ii) the prevalence of low MMI was higher in individuals aged >69 years, those not living with a spouse, and those with an inadequate level of physical activity; iii) the prevalence of slow GS was higher in individuals aged >69 years, those who had lived in rural areas for less than 30 years, and those not working at the time of the study.

Resumo O objetivo é estimar prevalência de componentes da sarcopenia e associações com variáveis socioeconômicas em idosos de população rural do Ceará. Estudo transversal com 274 idosos. Massa muscular foi determinada por Índice de Massa Muscular (IMM) por bioimpedância elétrica e por circunferência da panturrilha; força muscular (FM) por teste de preensão palmar; e desempenho físico por testes da caminhada (VC) e Timed-up-and-go. Provável sarcopenia foi caracterizada por diminuição da FM, sarcopenia quando associada a diminuição do IMM, e sarcopenia grave quando estes dois foram acompanhados de baixa VC. Foram estimadas associações entre condições sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e componentes da sarcopenia. Na regressão logística, foi observada frequência mais elevada: i) no sexo masculino, idade>69 anos, e nos que não trabalham, entre os idosos com FM diminuída; ii) com idade>69 anos, nos que não moram com o cônjuge, e nos que não praticam atividade física num nível adequado, entre os idosos com IMM diminuído; iii) com idade>69 anos, nos que residem na zona rural há menos que 30 anos, e nos que não trabalham, entre os idosos com VC diminuída.

ABSTRACT Light is essential for providing energy for photosynthetic reactions and has a complex and not yet fully understood effect on heliconia growth and yield. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of light intensity on the growth and photosynthesis of heliconia under semi-arid conditions and to screen potential genotypes tolerant to high solar irradiation levels during the vegetative stage. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, PE, Brazil, whose geographic coordinates are 09° 19’ 14” S, 40° 32’ 40” W, with an average altitude of 387 m. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, arranged in a split-plot scheme, and the treatments were composed of two light intensities (full sun and 50% shading) and five genotypes (Heliconia psittacorum x H. spathocircinata cv. Golden Torch; H. psittacorum cv. Red Opal; H. bihai cv. Lobster Claw Two; H. rauliniana and H. rostrata). Growth and gas exchange assessments were conducted on the 100th day after the trial initiation. Light intensity (full sun and 50% shading) did not influence the rates of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), or transpiration (E) of plants. However, the isolated effect of the genotype revealed that plants of cv. Red Opal, H. bihai, H. rauliniana, and cv. Golden Torch had higher values of A, gs, and E. Overall, shading improved plant growth. We conclude that the genotypes H. psittacorum cv. Red Opal, and H. psittacorum cv. Golden Torch exhibited the greatest tolerances to high solar irradiance conditions.

RESUMO A luz é essencial por fornecer energia para as reações fotossintéticas e tem uma influência complexa e não totalmente compreendida no crescimento e produção de helicônias. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da intensidade de luz sobre o crescimento e fotossíntese de helicônias em condições semiáridas e a triagem de genótipos potenciais tolerantes as condições de altos níveis de irradiação solar durante o estágio vegetativo. O experimento foi conduzido em Petrolina-PE, Brasil, cujas coordenadas geográficas são: 09° 19’ 14” S, 40° 32’ 40” O, com altitude média de 387 m. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, e os tratamentos foram compostos por duas intensidades de luz (pleno sol e sombreamento de 50%) e cinco genótipos (Heliconia psittacorum x H. spathocircinata cv. Golden Torch; H. psittacorum cv. Red Opal; H. bihai cv. Lobster Claw Two; H. rauliniana e H. rostrata). No 100° dia após o início do experimento foram realizadas avaliações de crescimento e trocas gasosas. As intensidades de luz (pleno sol e sombreamento 50%) não influenciaram a taxa fotossintética (A), condutância estomática (gs) e transpiração (E) das plantas. Porém, o efeito isolado do genótipo revela que plantas de cv. Red Opal, H. bihai, H. rauliniana e cv. Golden Torch apresentaram maiores valores de A, gs e E. Em geral, o sombreamento favoreceu maior incremento no crescimento das plantas. Conclui-se que os genótipos H. psittacorum cv. Red Opal e H. psittacorum cv. Golden Torch exibem maior tolerância às condições de elevada irradiância solar.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia according to five cut-off points for muscle strength and the association with undernutrition in Community dwelling older adults. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study with 321 elderly subjects from community centers in Cuiabá-MT. The main variable was the prevalence of sarcopenia and association with undernutrition. Sarcopenia was diagnosed by low muscle strength (grip strength - GS; kg) according to five cut-off points and low calf circumference (CC; cm). Nutritional status was assessed by mini nutritional assessment-short form (MNA-SF®). RESULTS: The median age was 69 (64-74) years, and 24.7% were undernourished. The presence of sarcopenia ranged from 1.6 to 7.6%. This prevalence was lower using EWGSOP2 criteria compared to EWGSOP (p=0.005) and ESCEO and SDOC criteria (p<0.001). The older undernourished adults were almost 3.5 times more likely to have sarcopenia (OR=3.49; p=0.003) when ESCEO criteria was used and almost 2.5 times (OR=2.43; p=0.037) times using SDOC criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 1.6 to 7.6%. The older undernourished adults were almost 3.5 (ESCEO) and 2.5 (SDOC) times more likely to have sarcopenia.

ABSTRACT Models that simulate the process of stomatal conductance (gs) for a given set of environmental conditions are important, as this process is the main mechanism that controls the gas exchange of terrestrial plants absorbing atmospheric CO2 in tropical forests. Simulations were performed for the Tapajós National Forest, in the western Brazilian Amazon, observing the gs process under the current climate scenario (control) and under the scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (2071 - 2100), using the ED2.2 ecosystem demography model. The results showed that the lower availability of soil water for the plants reduced photosynthesis due to the closing of the stomata. The model results for gross primary productivity (GPP) are similar to those observed in the field, varying about ≈24 MgC ha-1 year-1 for the rainy season and ≈23 MgC ha-1 year-1 for the dry season (average 2002 to 2010) in the control scenario. In the RCP4.5 scenario, simulated GPP was 30.7 and 30 MgC ha-1year-1 for the rainy and dry season, respectively (30.5 and 25 MgC ha-1year-1, respectively, for the RCP8.5 scenario). Our results also show that there may be a limitation on the increase in biomass carbon with the concentration of CO2, as GPP was lower in RCP8.5, despite this scenario having a higher value of atmospheric CO2 relative to RCP4.5.

RESUMO Modelos que simulam o processo de condutância estomática (gs) para um determinado conjunto de condições ambientais são importantes, pois esse processo é o principal mecanismo que controla as trocas gasosas das plantas terrestres ao absorver o CO2 atmosférico em florestas tropicais. Realizamos simulações para a Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, na Amazônia Ocidental brasileira, observando o processo da gs sob o cenário climático atual (controle) e sob os cenários RCP4.5 e RCP8.5 (2071 - 2100) usando o modelo demográfico de ecossistema ED2.2. Os resultados mostraram que a menor disponibilidade de água no solo para as plantas reduziu a fotossíntese devido ao fechamento dos estômatos. Os resultados do modelo para produtividade primária bruta (PPB) foram semelhantes aos observados em campo, variando cerca de ≈24 MgC ha-1 ano-1 para a estação chuvosa e ≈23 MgC ha-1 ano-1 para a estação seca (média 2002 a 2010) no cenário controle. No cenário RCP4.5, o resultado da PPB simulado foi de 30,7 e 30 MgC ha-1ano-1 para as estações chuvosa e seca, respectivamente (30,5 e 25 MgC ha-1 ano-1, respectivamente, para o cenário RCP8.5). Nossos resultados mostram que pode haver uma limitação no aumento do carbono da biomassa com a concentração de CO2, uma vez que a PPB foi menor no RCP8.5, apesar deste cenário ter um valor maior de CO2 atmosférico em relação ao RCP4.5.

Abstract The aim is to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia components and associations with socioeconomic variables in older persons living in rural areas in the state of Ceará, Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 274 older adults. Muscle mass was assessed using muscle mass index (MMI), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and calf circumference. Muscle strength (MS) was assessed using the handgrip test. Physical performance was measured using the walk test to calculate gait speed (GS) and the timed up-and-go test. Probable sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low MS, while confirmed sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low MS and low MMI. Severe sarcopenia was defined as the presence of the latter two criteria and slow GS. We tested for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits and the components of sarcopenia. The logistic regression produced the following results: i) prevalence of low MS was higher among men, individuals aged >69 years, and in those not working at the time of the study; ii) the prevalence of low MMI was higher in individuals aged >69 years, those not living with a spouse, and those with an inadequate level of physical activity; iii) the prevalence of slow GS was higher in individuals aged >69 years, those who had lived in rural areas for less than 30 years, and those not working at the time of the study.

Resumo O objetivo é estimar prevalência de componentes da sarcopenia e associações com variáveis socioeconômicas em idosos de população rural do Ceará. Estudo transversal com 274 idosos. Massa muscular foi determinada por Índice de Massa Muscular (IMM) por bioimpedância elétrica e por circunferência da panturrilha; força muscular (FM) por teste de preensão palmar; e desempenho físico por testes da caminhada (VC) e Timed-up-and-go. Provável sarcopenia foi caracterizada por diminuição da FM, sarcopenia quando associada a diminuição do IMM, e sarcopenia grave quando estes dois foram acompanhados de baixa VC. Foram estimadas associações entre condições sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e componentes da sarcopenia. Na regressão logística, foi observada frequência mais elevada: i) no sexo masculino, idade>69 anos, e nos que não trabalham, entre os idosos com FM diminuída; ii) com idade>69 anos, nos que não moram com o cônjuge, e nos que não praticam atividade física num nível adequado, entre os idosos com IMM diminuído; iii) com idade>69 anos, nos que residem na zona rural há menos que 30 anos, e nos que não trabalham, entre os idosos com VC diminuída.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing grain sorghum (GS) with palm kernel cake (PKC) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot steers fed high-grain diets. Forty male ¹/4 Holstein * ¹/4 Nellore steers with an initial weight of 331.1 ± 36.2 kg, at 24 ± 2 months of age, were housed in group stalls (10 cattle/stall) where they received diets containing 0, 80, 160, or 240 g/kg PKC on a dietary dry matter basis. After 126 days, the animals were slaughtered and their carcass and meat evaluated. The replacement of GS with PKC did not influence empty body weight, carcass weight, carcass length, or carcass yield. However, the thickness of subcutaneous fat in the carcass decreased with the replacement of GS with PKC. The meat pH increased linearly, whereas there were no changes in cooking loss, shear force, lightness (L*), and fat or cholesterol contents in the meat of the steers. Partial replacement (41,57%) of GS with PKC is recommended, with an inclusion of up to 240 g/kg PKC in high-grain diets for steers.

Abstract Objective Gastroschisis (GS) is a congenital anomaly in the abdominal wall with the intestinal loops exiting laterally to the umbilicus. The contact of the loops with Amniotic Fluid (AF) causes an inflammatory process in the exposed part, leading to an extended hospital stay and an increased risk of morbidity due to alterations related to intestinal motility. The authors aimed to evaluate the time of exposure to the AF in the experimental GS and to search for potential biomarkers of intestinal inflammation by measuring microRNAs. Methods Rat fetuses were divided into three groups: a) CONTROL, b) GS reared on day 18 (GS = 18), and c) GS reared on day 19.5 (GS = 19) (term = 22 days). On day 21.5, the fetuses were removed for biometric parameters and biochemical analyses: 1) Biometrics: Body and Intestinal Weight (BW, IW), and intestinal-body weight ratio (IW/BW); 2) Descriptive histopathology and 3) miR-143 quantification by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results BW was higher in CONTROL than GS 18 and G19 (p < 0.05). IW, IW/BW, intestinal water, and mRNA-143 were higher in GS 18 and GS 19 than in CONTROL, and GS 18 was higher than GS 19 (p < 0.05). The average of the inflammation score from the intestinal wall with mucosal inflammation and intra-epithelial lymphocytes shows worst in GS 18 and GS 19 vs. CONTROL (p < 0.05). Conclusions The tissue expression of mRNA-143 and the morphological changes in the intestine of GS worsened according to the time of exposure to AF, which could be a possible marker of fetal intestinal damage.

Abstract Background Changes in the body composition of the elderly can be quickly identified by health professionals in primary care, reducing the impact on health, nutritional status, and functional capacity. Objective To look for links between muscle mass and strength, nutritional status, and functional capacity in community-dwelling elderly. Method A cross-sectional study involving 323 elderly people was carried out. Body composition assessment was performed by absorptiometry (DEXA) and anthropometry. Functional capacity was assessed by Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and by gait speed (VM) and Time Up and Go (TUG). Results In this sample, the lean mass index (LMI) was associated with indicators of nutritional status (BMI, NC, and WC), in addition to having shown an important correlation with handgrip strength (HGS). HGS was associated with VM and TUG. Regression analysis identified an association between BMI and LMI (p < 0.001) and between GS and HGS (p = 0.003). Conclusion HGS was an important indicator of functional capacity and correlated with LMI. Consequently, the LMI is associated with indicators of nutritional status. Therefore, when it is impossible to assess the LMI, we recommend the assessment of HGS, NC and BMI as predictors of compromised nutritional status and functional disability in the elderly.

Resumo Introdução Alterações na composição corporal do idoso podem ser rapidamente identificadas por profissionais de saúde na Atenção Básica, reduzindo o impacto sobre a saúde, o estado nutricional e a capacidade funcional. Objetivo Identificar relações entre massa e força muscular com o estado nutricional e a capacidade funcional em idosos da comunidade. Método Estudo transversal, envolvendo 323 idosos. A avaliação da composição corporal foi realizada por absorciometria (DEXA) e antropometria. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada pelas Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária, pela velocidade da marcha (VM) e Time Up and Go (TUG). Resultados Nesta amostra, o índice de massa magra (IMM) se mostrou associado aos indicadores do estado nutricional (IMC, CP e CC), além de ter apresentado importante correlação com a força de preensão palmar (FPP). A FPP esteve relacionada à VM e ao TUG. A análise de regressão identificou associação entre o IMC e o IMM (p<0,001), bem como entre a VM e a FPP (p=0,003). Conclusão A FPP se apresentou como importante indicador da capacidade funcional e se mostrou correlacionada com o IMM. Consequentemente, o IMM está associado aos indicadores do estado nutricional. Logo, na impossibilidade de avaliação do IMM, recomendamos a avaliação da FPP, CP e IMC como preditores de comprometimento do estado nutricional e da incapacidade funcional do idoso.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze and compare intrinsic and extrinsic factors that cause falls among women receiving treatment for osteoporosis. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study of women ≥50 years receiving treatment for osteoporosis. Participants filled out questionnaires (demographic characteristics), and researchers took anthropometric measurements of bone mineral density, handgrip strength (HGS), ankle range of motion (ROM), and gait speed (GS). We also evaluated the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (SST), and Falls Efficacy Scale–International (FES-I) and investigated the extrinsic factors for falls. Results: We included 144 participants (71.6 [8.3 years]), who reported 133 falls. We classified participants into a non-faller group (NFG; 0 falls, n = 71, 49.5%), a faller group (FG; 1 fall, n = 42, 28.9%), and a recurrent-faller group (RFG; more than 1 fall, n = 31, 21.5%). Most patients had an increased risk of falling according to the TUGT, SST, reduced ankle ROM, and GS (P < .005 for all). FES-I was associated with sporadic and recurrent falls. For the multivariate analysis, the number of falls was influenced by the presence of ramps (RR 0.48, 95% CI, 0.26-0.87, P = .015), uneven surfaces (RR 1.6, 95% CI. 1.05-2.43, P = .028), and antislippery adhesive on stairs (RR 2.75, 95% CI, 1.77-4.28, P < .001). Conclusion: Patients receiving treatment for osteoporosis are influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that cause falls. Lower-limb strength and power-discriminated participants at a higher risk of falls, but extrinsic factors varied. Only uneven floors and antislippery adhesives on stairs were associated with increased frequency of falls.

Abstract Sugarcane cultivation stands out in Brazilian agribusiness, covering more than eight million hectares for the production of sugar, ethanol, and by-products. Fertilization is one of the limiting factors in sugarcane yield, for which filter cake is a viable solution to meet plant nutritional needs. This study aimed to assess the effect of enriched filter cake on gas exchange and yield in RB041443 sugarcane, cultivated in soils of the coastal tablelands of Paraíba, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the Monte Alegre S/A sugarcane mill, in the municipality of Mamanguape, using a randomized blocks experimental design, with 12 treatments (T1- cake, T2- cake + MAP, T3- cake + gypsum, T4 - cake + phosphate, T5- cake + bagasse, T6- cake + MAP + gypsum, T7- cake + MAP + phosphate, T8- cake + MAP + bagasse, T9- cake + gypsum + phosphate, T10- cake + gypsum + bagasse, T11- cake + phosphate + bagasse, and T12- control (only MAP)), and 4 replications, totaling 48 plots. A significant effect (5% probability) was also observed for the variables number of leaves and tons of stem per hectare (TSH). T1- cake, T4- cake + phosphate, T6- cake + MAP + gypsum and T10- cake + gypsum + bagasse, had the best results for TSH, with yields greater than 140 t ha-1. Regarding stomatal conductance, the highest values were obtained in T6 and T8, which, together with T11, had the highest gs values. Concerning the internal carbon concentration, T1, T2, T6, and T8 stood out. T6 also had a significant effect on transpiration. From this study, it was concluded that the use of enriched filter cake as a base fertilizer in sugarcane culture contributes to increasing the yield of the RB041443 variety, generating positive responses for plant gas exchange, being T1 and T10 indicated to increase the production in the sugar-energy sector.

Resumo A cultura da cana-de-açúcar ocupa uma posição de destaque para o agronegócio brasileiro, abrangendo mais de oito milhões de hectares na produção de açúcar, etanol e subprodutos. Um dos fatores limitantes na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar é a questão da adubação, sendo a torta de filtro uma solução viável para suprir as necessidades nutricionais da planta. Com esse estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do uso da torta de filtro enriquecida sob as trocas gasosas e produtividade da variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB041443 cultivada em solos dos tabuleiros costeiros da Paraíba. O experimento foi conduzido na Usina Monte Alegre S/A, no município de Mamanguape-PB, utilizando o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 12 tratamentos (T1- Torta, T2- Torta + MAP, T3- Torta + Gesso, T4 - Torta + Fosfato, T5- Torta + Bagaço, T6- Torta + MAP + Gesso, T7- Torta + MAP + Fosfato, T8- Torta + MAP + Bagaço, T9- Torta + Gesso + Fosfato, T10- Torta + Gesso + Bagaço, T11 - Torta + Fosfato + Bagaço, e T12 - Testemunha (Apenas MAP)), 4 repetições, totalizando 48 parcelas. Efeito significativo a 5% também foi observado para a variável número de folhas e tonelada de colmo por hectare. Para a variável TCH, os melhores resultados foram obtidos nos tratamentos T1- Torta, T4-Torta + Fosfato, T6- Torta + MAP + Gesso e T10- Torta + Gesso + Bagaço, com produtividades superiores a 140 t ha-1. Para a condutância estomática, resultados superiores foram obtidos no T6 e T8, que, junto ao T11, agruparam-se com os maiores valores de gs. Em relação a concentração interna de carbono, destacaram-se os tratamentos T1, T2, T6 e T8. Para a variável transpiração, o T6 apresentou influência significativa da torta de filtro. Com o referido estudo, concluiu-se que a utilização da torta de filtro enriquecida como adubação de fundação na cultura da cana-de-açúcar possibilita aumento no rendimento produtivo da variedade RB 041443, bem como respostas positivas para as trocas gasosas da planta, sendo os tratamentos T1 e T10 indicados para aumentar a produção do setor sucroenergético.

ABSTRACT Sustainability indicators have been increasingly used in the evaluation and monitoring of selective waste collection programs, allowing the identification of gaps and the planning of promising strategies. In this sense, this study aimed to assess the degree of sustainability of the selective collection program in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, through the use of indicators. Evaluation was based on a matrix composed of 16 indicators grouped in political/institutional, economic, social, and environmental dimensions. For the quantification of the indicators, historical data from the selective collection of the years 2018 and 2019 were adopted. The application of the indicators resulted in a final score that allowed the classification of the degree of sustainability (DS) of the system. The results point to a GS of 4.6, indicating low sustainability of the selective collection program in the city of João Pessoa. Regarding the dimensions investigated, it appears that all of them presented low sustainability; however, the environmental dimension showed the best performance in the investigation (DS = 5.0), revealing that selective collection has stood out in this context. The findings from the use of indicators emphasize the need for planning and effective actions for the improvement and expansion of selective collection in the municipality.

RESUMO Os indicadores de sustentabilidade têm sido cada vez mais utilizados na avaliação e no monitoramento de programas de coleta seletiva, permitindo a identificação de lacunas e o planejamento de estratégias promissoras. Nesse sentido, o estudo objetivou avaliar o grau de sustentabilidade do programa de coleta seletiva do município de João Pessoa/PB, por meio da utilização de indicadores. A avaliação ocorreu com base em uma matriz composta de 16 indicadores agrupados nas dimensões política/institucional, econômica, social e ambiental. Para a quantificação dos indicadores foram adotados dados históricos da coleta seletiva dos anos de 2018 e 2019. A aplicação dos indicadores resultou em uma pontuação final que possibilitou a classificação do grau de sustentabilidade (GS) do sistema. Os resultados apontam para o GS de 4,6, indicando baixa sustentabilidade do programa de coleta seletiva da cidade de João Pessoa. Com relação às dimensões investigadas, constata-se que todas apresentaram baixa sustentabilidade, contudo a dimensão ambiental apresentou o melhor desempenho na investigação (GS = 5,0), revelando que a coleta seletiva tem se destacado nesse âmbito. As descobertas feitas com a utilização de indicadores enfatizam a necessidade de planejamento e ações efetivas para a melhoria e expansão da coleta seletiva no município.

Aim To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with gummy smiles in adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years attending high school. Methods The cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic, with 160 adolescents, from two public (A1) and two private (A2) schools chosen by lottery, divided into two groups: G1 (with gummy smile) and G2 (no gummy smile). A clinical examination was carried out on the adolescents, investigating the presence or absence of a gummy smile (GS), by analyzing the variables (interlabial distance at rest, upper incisor exposure at rest, smile arc, measurement from the subnasal to the upper lip philtrum, upper lip length, upper lip thickness, hypermobility and lower/middle third ratio). Means and dispersion were obtained, and the Chi-square association test was applied, to compare the results between A1 and A2 and between G1 and G2. Results The prevalence of GS was 33.8% (=54). It was found that no statistically significant associations were found (p > 0.05), regarding the type of school and gender with the presence of GS in adolescents. There was no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 1.82; p = 0.07) between the groups and the age of adolescents. There was a significant association between the studied variables and GS (p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence was high with a predominance of females. There were no statistically significant associations regarding the type of school and gender, but there was a significant association between gummy smile and lip dimensions.

ABSTRACT The scientificity of the social management field (SM) has been constructed and validated in the Brazilian academy. It is positioned based on empirical evidence and a theoretical construction since the 1990s. In addition, the research developed under the aegis of SM has been guided by dialogues with different topics and areas of knowledge. Thus, this article presents an integrated synthesis of the articles available in the SPELL database, between 2010 and 2020. The evolution of SM was analyzed as a field of knowledge, exploring concepts, theoretical categories, epistemological and ontological assumptions, and theoretical references. When analyzing the categories and theoretical approaches of SM, the public sphere, social space, participation, cooperation, cooperativism, decentralization, solidarity economy, corporate sustainability, public governance, and social innovation were identified. Regarding the analysis of the epistemological and ontological assumptions of the field, it was possible to perceive a considerable multiplicity of approaches: Habermas critical theory, structuring theory, coloniality of power, ecology, Maffesolian sociology, sociologies of absences and emergencies by Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Putnam’s fact vs. value dichotomy, strategy as practice and decoloniality. As a result, the field’s effort to resolve inconsistencies and misunderstandings that invalidate its practice is clear. In addition, the urgency of carrying out the actions proposed by SM is evident, since the current mainstream model reinforces and elevates social disparities between groups, preventing the common good.

RESUMEN El campo de conocimiento de la gestión social (GS), cuya cientificidad ha sido construida y validada en la academia brasileña, se posiciona por medio de la evidencia empírica y una construcción teórica desde la década de 1990. Además, las investigaciones desarrolladas bajo la égida de la GS se han guiado por diálogos con diferentes temas y áreas de conocimiento. Así, este artículo presenta una síntesis integrada de los artículos disponibles en la base de datos Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), en el período de 2010 a 2020. Se analizó la evolución de la GS como campo de conocimiento, explorando conceptos, categorías teóricas, supuestos epistemológicos y ontológicos y referentes teóricos. Al analizar las categorías y enfoques teóricos de la GS se identificaron la esfera pública, el espacio social, la participación, cooperación, cooperativismo, descentralización, economía solidaria, sostenibilidad empresarial, gobernanza pública e innovación social. En cuanto al análisis de los presupuestos epistemológicos y ontológicos del campo, fue posible percibir una multiplicidad considerable de enfoques: teoría crítica habermasiana, teoría de la estructuración, colonialidad del poder, ecología, sociología maffesoliana, sociologías de las ausencias y de las emergencias de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, dicotomía hecho-valor de Putnam, la estrategia como práctica y decolonialidad. Como resultado, es claro el esfuerzo del campo por resolver las inconsistencias y malentendidos que invalidan su práctica. Además, se evidencia la urgencia de llevar a cabo las acciones propuestas por la GS, ya que el modelo actual de la corriente principal refuerza y eleva las disparidades sociales entre grupos, impidiendo la realización del bien común.

RESUMO O campo de conhecimentos da gestão social (GS), cuja cientificidade vem sendo construída e validada na academia brasileira, posiciona-se por meio de evidências empíricas e de uma construção teórica desde a década de 1990. Além disso, as pesquisas desenvolvidas sob a égide da GS têm se pautado em interlocuções com diversos temas e áreas de conhecimento. Assim, o presente artigo apresenta uma síntese integrada dos artigos disponibilizados na base de dados Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), entre o período de 2010 a 2020. Analisou-se a evolução da GS, enquanto campo de conhecimentos, explorando conceitos, categorias teóricas, pressupostos epistemológicos e ontológicos e referenciais teóricos. Quando analisadas as categorias e aproximações teóricas da GS, foram identificados a esfera pública, o espaço social, a participação, a cooperação, o cooperativismo, a descentralização, a economia solidária, a sustentabilidade empresarial, a governança pública e a inovação social. No que tange à análise dos pressupostos epistemológicos e ontológicos do campo, foi possível perceber uma multiplicidade considerável de abordagens: teoria crítica habermasiana, teoria da estruturação, colonialidade de poder, ecologia, sociologia maffesoliana, sociologias das ausências e emergências de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, dicotomia fato × valor de Putnam, estratégia como prática e decolonialidade. Como resultado, fica claro o esforço do campo na resolução de incoerências e incompreensões que invalidam sua prática. Além disso, é manifesta a urgência das ações que a GS propõe, pois o modelo atual do mainstream reforça e eleva as disparidades sociais entre os grupos, impedindo a realização do bem comum.

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a lignina na parede celular de Euterpe oleracea Mart. Foram adquiridas amostras de duas regiões da base da palmeira: região externa e região interna (OR e IR, respectivamente). A extração com solventes orgânicos e o tratamento com NaOH 1% foram realizados. O conteúdo de holocelulose, α-celulose e lignina foi quantificado, esta última também isolada pelo método de Björkman para a caracterização estrutural utilizando RMN de 1H e 13C no estado líquido, assim como análises espectroscópicas (FTIR) e cromatográficas. O caule extraído apresentou 10,33% (OR) e 15,66% (IR) de lignina. Após tratamento com NaOH 1%, observou-se uma redução desses valores, e foi possível confirmar esse resultado também através da diminuição nas intensidades dos sinais referentes aos grupos funcionais ligados à lignina e hemicelulose. As análises espectroscópicas e cromatográficas revelaram lignina do tipo GS incorporada com ácido p-hidroxibenzoico e protocatecuico em ambas as amostras. Também foram observadas as principais unidades estruturais presentes na lignina como ligação β-O-4, β-O-4’ ϒ-acetiladas, spiro-dienona, unidade guaiacila, unidade siringila e p-hidroxibenzoato.

Abstract This paper aimed to characterize the lignin in the cell wall of Euterpe oleracea Mart. Samples from two regions of the base of the palm were acquired: outer and inner regions (OR and IR, respectively). The extraction with organic solvents and the treatment with 1% NaOH were carried out. Holocellulose, α-cellulose and lignin content were quantified, the latter also isolated by the Björkman method for the structural characterization using 1H and 13C NMR in the liquid state, as well as spectroscopic (FTIR) and chromatographic analysis. The extracted stem had 10.33% (OR) and 15.66% (IR) of the lignin. After the treatment with 1% NaOH, a reduction in these values was observed, and it was also possible to confirm this result through the decrease in the intensities of the signals referring to the functional groups linked to lignin and hemicellulose. The spectroscopic and chromatographic analyzes revealed GS-type lignin incorporated with p-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acid in both samples. The main structural units present in the lignin were also observed, such as β-O-4 bond, β-O-4’ ϒ-acetyl bond, guaiacyl unit, syringyl unit and p-hydroxybenzoate.