Abstract Close-Coupled Gas Atomization (CCGA) is often used to produce spherical metal powders with a wider Particle Size Distribution (PSD) (10 – 500 µm) compared to that required by the main Additive Manufacturing processes (10 – 105 µm). This work presents an accuracy evaluation of a mathematical model based on the Lubanska equation to predict the d50 for CCGA. Atomization experiments of 316L steel were conducted to evaluate the tip diameter and atomization gas pressure effects on PSD and, the d50 experimental results were used as the reference to the mathematical model evaluation. The mathematical model accuracy could be improved by: (i) considering the backpressure phenomenon for the metal flow rate calculation, since it was an important inaccuracy source; (ii) reviewing the tip diameter effect, which had a lower impact on d50 than that predicted by the Lubanska equation. The atomization gas pressure was the most influential parameter on d50 and d90 and the increase of the gas pressure led to a significant reduction in PSD and, consequently, increased yield.

RESUMO Introdução: A banda elástica é muito utilizada por diferentes tipos de atletas e por praticantes de treinamento de força recreacionais, no intuito de melhorar o desempenho no levantamento de cargas. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos agudos do uso da banda elástica de cotovelos no desempenho de força, no volume absoluto e percepção subjetiva de esforço durante o exercício supino reto livre. Métodos: Na primeira visita, foi realizada a familiarização com o exercício supino reto livre com banda (CB) e sem banda (SB) elástica de cotovelos. Na segunda visita, foi realizado o teste de 1RM no exercício supino reto livre, nas condições CB e SB. Na terceira visita, foi realizado o teste de repetições máximas até a falha concêntrica (RMs) a 70% de 1RM (CB e SB). Após cada teste, os sujeitos foram questionados quanto a sua percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) e de desconforto (PSD). Teste t de student pareado foi utilizado para comparar os valores de 1RM e RMs, com e sem banda elástica. Para a PSD e a PSE foram utilizadas análises descritivas. Resultados: No teste de 1RM foi verificado um aumento significante para a condição CB, quando comparado à condição SB (P<0,05). No teste de RMs e cálculo do volume absoluto, foi verificado um aumento significante para a condição CB (P<0,05). A PSE não apresentou diferenças em todas as condições testadas (P>0,05). A PSD apresentou alto grau de desconforto apenas com banda elástica em todas as condições. Conclusão: A banda elástica de cotovelos aumenta a carga levantada no teste de 1RM e o número de repetições máximas durante o exercício supino reto livre e, consequentemente, no volume absoluto. A banda elástica não altera a percepção subjetiva do esforço, mas aumenta o desconforto durante o exercício.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The elastic wrap is widely used by different types of athletes and recreational practitioners of strength training in order to improve weightlifting performance. Objective: The objective was to investigate the acute effects of elbow wrap on strength performance, absolute volume, and rating of perceived exertion/discomfort during the bench press (BP) exercise. Methods: The experimental protocol was divided into three laboratory sessions. At the first session, a bench press familiarization phase was performed with (EW) and without (WEW) elastic elbow wrap. During the second session, the 1RM test was carried out in the bench press exercise under both EW and WEW conditions. At the third session, the repetition maximum (RM) test at 70% of 1RM (EW and WEW) was performed until concentric failure. After each session, subjects were consulted about their rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and discomfort (PSD). A paired student t-test was used to compare the values of 1RM and RMs with and without elastic wraps. Descriptive analysis was used for RPE and PSD. Results: For the 1RM test, there was a significant increase for the EW condition when compared to WEW (p<0.05). In the RMs test and absolute volume calculation, there was a significant increase for the EW condition (p<0.05). RPE did not differ in any of the conditions tested (p>0.05). PSD presented a high degree of discomfort with elastic wraps in all conditions. Conclusion: Elastic elbow wraps increase the load lifted in the 1RM test, and the maximum number of repetitions during the BP exercise, and consequently, the absolute volume. The elastic elbow wrap does not alter the subjective perception of effort, but it increases discomfort during exercise.

RESUMEN Introducción: La banda elástica es muy utilizada por diferentes tipos de atletas y por practicantes de fuerza recreacionales con el fin de mejorar el desempeño de levantamiento de pesos. Objetivo: Investigar los efectos agudos del uso de la banda elástica de codos en el desempeño de la fuerza, en el volumen absoluto y percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo durante el ejercicio supino recto libre. Métodos: En la primera visita se realizó la familiarización con el ejercicio supino recto libre con banda (CB) y sin banda (SB) elástica de codos. En la segunda visita fue realizada la prueba de 1RM en el ejercicio supino recto libre, en condiciones CB y SB. En la tercera visita fue realizada la prueba de repeticiones máximas hasta la falla concéntrica (RM) al 70% de 1RM (CB y SB). Después de cada prueba los sujetos fueron consultados en relación a su percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo (PSE) y de incomodidad (PSD). La prueba t de student pareada fue utilizada para comparar los valores de 1RM y RMs con y sin banda elástica. Para PSD y PSE se utilizó un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Para la prueba de 1RM se verificó un aumento significativo para la condición CB, en comparación con la condición SB (P<0,05). En la prueba de RM y cálculo del volumen absoluto fue verificado un aumento significativo para la condición CB (P<0,05). La PSD presentó un alto grado de incomodidad apenas con banda elástica en todas las condiciones. Conclusión: La banda elástica de codos aumenta la carga levantada en la prueba de 1RM y el número de repeticiones máximas durante el ejercicio supino recto libre y, en consecuencia, en el volumen absoluto. La banda elástica no altera la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo, pero aumenta la incomodidad durante el ejercicio.

Foram avaliados os efeitos do plasma sanguíneo desidratado (PSD) sobre desempenho, perfil imunológico, histológico, microbiológico e peso de órgãos de leitões leves, desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 24 leitões, com idade média inicial de 21 dias, em delineamento experimental completamente ao acaso. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - animais pesados ao desmame, sem suplementação com PSD; T2 - animais leves ao desmame, suplementados com 10g/animal/dia de PSD; T3 - animais leves ao desmame, suplementados com 20g/animal/dia de PSD; T4 - animais leves ao desmame, sem suplementação com PSD. A adição de 20g de PSD na dieta melhorou o ganho diário de peso, aumentou o peso (g/kg) do baço e o título de IgA no soro entre 21 e 31 dias de idade. A inclusão de 10g de PSD aumentou o comprimento e a largura do linfonodo ileocólico. A inclusão de PSD traz benefícios aos leitões nos primeiros 10 dias pós-desmame, atuando principalmente nos órgãos linfoides e na mucosa intestinal.

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of spray-dried plasma (SDP) on the growth performance, immunological, histological and microbiological profile and weight of organs of light weight weaned pigs. The trial was done using 24 pigs with an initial mean age of 21 days in a completely randomized experimental design. The treatments were: T1 - heavy weight weaned pigs, without SDP supplementation; T2 - light weight weaned pigs, supplemented with 10g/animal/day of SDP; T3 - light weight weaned pigs, supplemented with 20g/animal/day of SDP; T4 - light weight weaned pigs, without SDP supplementation. The inclusion of 20g of SDP in the diet improved the weight gain, spleen weight (g/kg) and serum IgA title between 21 and 31 days of age. The inclusion of 10g of SDP in the diet improved the length and width of the ileocolic lymph node. In the first 10 days after weaning, SDP improved the development of lymphoid organs and the protection of the intestinal mucosa.

The search for factors shaping leaf-litter ant communities has received particular attention due to the essential role of these insects in many ecological processes. Here, we aimed to investigate how the number of leaves and leaf morphotypes affect the litter-ant species density at forest edge and interior in an Atlantic Forest remnant in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. This study was developed based on 28 litter plots (1m² each), 14 in the forest interior and 14 in the forest edge. As we early expected, ant species density increased with increasing both the number of leaves and the number of leaf morphotypes, but this result was clearly influenced by plot location. Contrasting with the forest interior, ant species density did not increase as the number of leaves increased in the forest edge. Possibly, factors such as plant species richness, vegetation structure and environmental conditions affect ant species density as well as promote a patchy distribution of species in ant communities along the edge-to-interior gradient. Our findings suggest that edge-affected forests present more simplified ant communities, with different factors shaping its structure. We encourage future studies to include leaf litter heterogeneity as one of the explanatory variables investigated.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo visa realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a terapia farmacológica na depressão pós-AVE. MÉTODO: Foi feita uma revisão nos bancos de dados MedLine e SciELO, utilizando-se como descritores primários "stroke", "depression" e "treatment", incluindo artigos publicados entre 1996 e 2008. RESULTADOS: Treze artigos foram selecionados. Foram encontrados dez artigos que apresentaram terapias farmacológicas eficazes no tratamento da depressão pós-AVE e três em que as terapias farmacológicas utilizadas não trouxeram benefício para a depressão dos grupos em estudo. CONCLUSÃO: O manejo farmacológico da DPAVE pode ser realizado de maneira profilática ou terapêutica. Em ambas as modalidades, os inibidores de recaptação seletiva são as medicações mais adequadas, destacando-se a fluoxetina e, em pacientes adequadamente selecionados, a reboxetina e o citalopram. A nortriptilina, antidepressivo tricíclico, é uma alternativa com relativa eficácia na conduta da DPAVE.

INTRODUCTION: Poststroke depression (PSD) is one of the most frequent psychiatric sequelae in populations affected by stroke. Effective drug therapy is essential in the proper management of patients. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to conduct a review of the literature on pharmacological therapy in PSD. METHOD: A review was made in databases MedLine and SciELO using as primary descriptors "stroke", "depression" and "treatment", including articles published between 1996 to 2006. RESULTS: Thirteen articles were selected. Ten trials were found that described effective pharmacological therapies in the treatment of the PSD. CONCLUSION: The pharmacological management of PSD can be done prophylactic or therapeutically. In both methods, selective reuptake inhibitors, particularly fluoxetine, and in some instances, citalopram and reboxetine, seem to be the most appropriate medications to be used in PSD. Alternatively, nortriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, may be employed in some cases of PSD.