ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous amylase on gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and in vitro digestion kinetics of sorghum (Sorghum vulgaris) and two corn hybrids of different grain textures. Ruminal fluid was collected from two rumen-fistulated cows receiving or not exogenous amylase (0.7g kg-1 of dry matter (DM basis)), provided to achieve 396 kilo Novo units kg-1 for amylase activity (DM basis). Gas production was measured after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 30, 36, 42 e 48 hours of incubation. Amylase increased gas production (mL) by 5.4%. Corn hybrids have higher in vitro dry matter digestibility than sorghum. Exogenous amylase increased the potential of gas production (A) (P=0.01). There was an effect of hybrid for IVDMD (P<0.01). The addition of exogenous amylase increases the in vitro gas production, improves fermentation kinetics, and increases the production of the ammonia nitrogen of corn and sorghum grains, but does not affect in vitro and dry matter digestibility or the short-chain fatty acids production.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da amilase exógena na produção de gases, a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) e a cinética de digestão in vitro de sorgo (Sorghum vulgaris) e de dois híbridos de milho de diferentes texturas de grãos. O líquido ruminal foi coletado de duas vacas fistuladas no rúmen recebendo ou não amilase exógena (0,7g kg-1 de matéria seca (MS)), fornecida para atingir 396 kg Novo unidades kg-1 para atividade de amilase (base na MS). A produção de gás foi medida após uma, três, seis, nove, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 30, 36, 42 e 48 horas de incubação. A amilase aumentou a produção de gás (mL) em 5,4%. Híbridos de milho apresentam maior DIVMS que o sorgo. A amilase exógena aumentou o potencial de produção de gás (A) (P=0,01). Houve efeito de híbrido para DIVMS (P<0,01). Amilase exógena aumenta a produção de gás in vitro, melhora a cinética da fermentação e aumenta a produção de nitrogênio amoniacal de grãos de milho e sorgo, mas não afeta a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca ou a produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the biochemical parameters of feedlot lambs fed with high concentrations of crude glycerin (GC). Forty crossbred lambs (Dorper × Santa Inês), non-castrated, weighing 21.7±2.7kg and 90 days old, were randomly assigned to four treatments (0, 10, 20, and 30% GC in the diet). To evaluate the biochemical parameters, blood samples (pre-prandial and 4 h after morning feeding) were collected on the first day and the day before slaughter, in each treatment. The high-density lipoprotein was linearly decreased (P<0.0001) when GC concentrations were increased in the diet. Alkaline phosphatase was quadratically affected by treatments (P=0.05), with greater values observed in blood from animals fed intermediate concentrations of CG, and gamma-glutamyl transferase was linearly increased (P=0.008). The blood urea was quadratically affected by treatments with lower values observed in blood from animals fed intermediate concentrations of CG. In conclusion, the replacement of up to 30% (based on dry matter) of corn grain by crude glycerin, in diets for feedlot finishing lambs, does not compromise the health status of these animals.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações nos parâmetros bioquímicos de cordeiros confinados, alimentados com elevadas concentrações de glicerina bruta (GC). Quarenta cordeiros mestiços (Dorper × Santa Inês), não castrados, com 21,7±2,7kg de peso e 90 dias de idade, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos (0, 10, 20 e 30% de GC na dieta). Para avaliar os parâmetros bioquímicos, amostras de sangue (pré-prandial e 4h após a alimentação matinal) foram coletadas no primeiro dia e no dia anterior ao abate, em cada tratamento. A lipoproteína de alta densidade no sangue diminuiu linearmente (P<0,0001) quando as concentrações de GC foram aumentadas. A fosfatase alcalina foi afetada quadraticamente pelos tratamentos (P=0,05), com valores maiores observados no sangue de animais alimentados com concentrações intermediárias de GC, e a gamaglutamiltransferase aumentou linearmente (P=0,008). A ureia sanguínea foi afetada de forma quadrática pelos tratamentos, com valores menores observados no sangue de animais alimentados com concentrações intermediárias de GC. Em conclusão, a substituição de até 30% (com base na matéria seca) do grão de milho por glicerina bruta, em dietas para cordeiros em terminação em confinamento, não compromete o estado de saúde desses animais.

Abstract Objective: The clinical cases of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) were analyzed via a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical findings, treatments, and possible outcomes of articles retrieved via database searches. Sources: The authors searched the PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science, Science Direct, EMBASA, EBSCO, and Scopus databases for articles containing the keywords “multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children” or “MIS-C” or “PIMS-TS” or “SIMP” and “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” published between December 1st, 2019 and July 10th, 2021. Patient characteristics, tissue and organ comorbidities, the incidence of symptoms after COVID-19 infection, treatment, and patient evolution in the articles found were evaluated. The data were abstracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Findings: In total, 98 articles (2275 patients) were selected for demographics, clinical treatment, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with MIS-C. The average age of children with MIS-C, 56.8% of whom were male, was of nine years. Fever (100%), gastrointestinal (GI) (82%), and abdominal pain (68%) were the decisive symptoms for the diagnosis of MIS-C. Shock and/or hypotension were common in patients with MIS-C. Cardiac symptoms (66%) predominated over respiratory (39%) and neurological (28%) symptoms. MIS-C treatment followed the common guidelines for treating children with septic shock and Kawasaki disease (KD) and proved to be effective. Conclusions: This meta-analysis highlights the main clinical symptoms used for the diagnosis of MIS-C, the differences between MIS-C and KD, and the severity of the inflammatory process and urgency for hospital care.

RESUMO A mastite representa uma das principais enfermidades nos rebanhos de caprinos leiteiros, com implicações na produção de leite e na qualidade final dos derivados. Objetivou-se observar a influência do tratamento da mastite com o extrato etanólico da Hymenaea martiana Hayne sobre as características físico-químicas e sensoriais do queijo tipo coalho. Uma pomada contendo extrato foi elaborada para uso intramamário em seis fêmeas caprinas especializadas na produção de leite. As metades esquerdas dos tetos das cabras receberam essa infusão, enquanto a metade direita era controle. O experimento foi conduzido em três momentos experimentais. Realizou-se ordenha manual e análise físico-química do leite. Para o queijo, foram realizados testes físico-químicos e teste sensorial. Quantos aos aspectos físico-químicos do leite, é possível afirmar que não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos. Houve diferença estatística para sólidos não gordurosos nos momentos experimentais M1 e M2. As médias de proteína variaram entre 3,33 e 3,62, e houve diferença estatística em dois momentos. As médias de lactose variaram entre 4,79% e 5,38%. Os aspectos físico-químicos do queijo mantiveram resultados similares entre os dois tratamentos. Os parâmetros sensoriais para o queijo coalho de cabra não tiveram diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, contudo a aparência se destacou em relação aos demais parâmetros sensoriais. O uso da pomada elaborada com extrato de jatobá não interferiu sobre as características físico-químicas do leite de cabra e sobre as características físico-químicas e sensoriais do queijo tipo coalho de cabra.

ABSTRACT Several studies have assessed the therapeutic potential of natural products against mastitis, but only a few have evaluated the impacts of this alternative therapy on the main properties of milk and dairy products. In this study, we observed how the treatment of mastitis with ethanolic extract of Jatobá (Hymenaea martiana Hayne) influenced the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of coalho cheese. An ointment containing the ethanolic extract was prepared for intramammary use in six dairy goats. The experiment was conducted in three experimental moments. Milking was performed, manually, and both milk and cheese were subjected to physicochemical and sensory tests. No difference was observed (p>0.05) in the physicochemical aspects of milk between the studied groups. The solids-non-fat showed a statistical difference between experimental moments M1 and M2. The protein means varied from 3.33 to 3.62, and there was a statistical difference between the two moments, while the lactose means varied from 4.79 to 5.38%. The physicochemical aspects of cheese remained similar with both treatments. Except for appearance, the sensory characteristics showed no statistical difference. In conclusion, the use of Jatobá extract ointment did not influence the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of goat milk or cheese.

Aging is related to a decrease in physiological abilities, especially cognitive functions. To unravel further evidence of age-related cognitive decline, we analyzed which physical and functional variables are predictors of cognitive performance in a sample of 498 Brazilian elderly (67.26% women). To do so, we used the Stroop test as a tool to evaluate executive functions and the General functional fitness index (GFFI) to evaluate the functional fitness of the participants. A linear regression analysis revealed that female sex (β=-0.097; t=-2.286; P=0.023), younger age (β=0.205; t=4.606; P<0.0001), more years of education (β=-0.280; t=-6.358; P<0.0001), and higher GFFI (β=-0.101; t=-2.347; P<0.02) were predictors of better cognitive performance. Body mass index (kg/m2) and nutritional status (underweight, eutrophic, overweight, or obese) were not predictors of cognitive performance. Interestingly, among the GFFI tasks, muscle strength influenced the test execution time, both in upper and lower limbs (elbow flexion: β=-0.201; t=-4.672; P<0.0001; sit-to-stand: β=-0.125; t=-2.580; P<0.01). Our findings showed that: 1) women performed the Stroop test faster than men; 2) the older the person, the lower was the cognitive performance; 3) the higher the education, the better the test execution time; and 4) higher scores in the GFFI were associated with a better performance in the Stroop test. Therefore, gender, age, education, and functional fitness and capacity were predictors of cognitive performance in the elderly.

Abstract Aim: To assess the postural control performance of football 5-a-side (FFS) players, comparing them with sighted players. Methods: Eight FFS players and 7 sighted futsal players were included. Postural control tests included feet together stance (FTS) and single-leg stance (SLS) tasks, performed on rigid and foam surfaces. Sighted players performed the tests with open (EO) and closed (EC) eyes. Area of displacement (Area) and average velocity (Vavg) were calculated from the center of pressure time-series coordinates. Results: On both surfaces conditions, a significant difference between visually impaired football 5-a-side players and sighted EO players was observed during FTS (higher Vavg for visually impaired football 5-a-side players; p < 0.04) and SLS (higher Area and Vavg for visually impaired football 5-a-side players; p < 0.01). No differences between visually impaired football 5-a-side players and sighted EC players were found. Differences between sighted EO vs. sighted EC were observed during FTS on the foam surface, and in SLS on both surface conditions (p < 0.03). Conclusion: FFS players’ postural control performance is similar to sighted players with EC but worse than sighted players with EO, suggesting their postural control performance can be simply explained in terms of visual restriction.

Abstract DEET is considered the gold standard for insect repellent products. However, it behaves as a strong skin permeant. DEET was encapsulated in Solid Lipid Microparticles (SLM) and characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, cytotoxicity and ex vivo permeation. The particles exhibited micrometric size with a spherical shape. In addition, we developed and validated an analytical method for DEET quantification by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which was selective, linear, precise, accurate and robust. The toxicity test in cell culture of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages showed that the formulation did not present cytotoxicity. The SLM were able to decrease the skin permeation of DEET in relation to the free active in ethanol with gain in the safe. Microparticles were able to increase the skin retention of DEET, which can contribute to extend the time of repellent action. The results showed that Solid Lipid Microparticles are safe and promising topical formulation to insect bite prevention.

Seminal studies stated that bean proteins are efficient neuronal tracers with affinity for brain tissue. A low molecular weight peptide fraction (<3kDa) from Phaseolus vulgaris (PV3) was previously reported to be antioxidant, non-cytotoxic, and capable of reducing reactive oxygen species and increasing nitric oxide in cells. We evaluated the effects of PV3 (5, 50, 100, 500, and 5000 µg/kg) on behavior and the molecular routes potentially involved. Acute and chronic PV3 treatments were performed before testing Wistar rats: i) in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) to assess the anxiolytic-like effect; ii) in the open field (OF) to evaluate locomotion and exploration; and iii) for depression-like behavior in forced swimming (FS). Catecholaminergic involvement was tested using the tyrosine hydroxylases (TH) enzyme inhibitor, α-methyl-DL-tyrosine (AMPT). Brain areas of chronically treated groups were dissected to assess: i) lipid peroxidation (LPO); ii) carbonylated proteins (CP); iii) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activities. Neuronal nitric oxide synthases (nNOS) and argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) protein expression was evaluated by western blotting. Acute treatment with PV3 increased the frequency and time spent in the EPM open arms, suggesting anxiolysis. PV3 increased crossing episodes in the OF. These PV3 effects on anxiety and locomotion were absent in the chronically treated group. Acute and chronic PV3 treatments reduced the immobility time in the FS test, suggesting an antidepressant effect. TH inhibition by AMPT reverted acute PV3 effects. PV3 decreased LPO and CP levels and SOD and CAT activities, whereas nNOS and ASS were reduced in few brain areas. In conclusion, PV3 displayed central antioxidant actions that are concomitant to catecholaminergic-dependent anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.

Abstract This study aimed to elaborate a sequential sampling plan for C. capitata in commercial orchards of guava. 90 McPhail traps were randomly installed in three guava orchards in a transverse direction for 23 weeks. The data were submitted to sequential probability ratio test. Adopted the average of 0.3 C. capitata for the level of security and 0.7 for the control action. In this sequential sampling plan was defined the average number of 0.40 adults of C. capitata for each trap McPhail (sample). The sequential plan generated is unprecedented and will contribute to the rapid and safe decision making in the control of C. capitata population in guava farming.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os termos da equação da tendência da energia cinética do distúrbio (K’) nas previsões de 24 h e 48 h dos modelos regionais BRAMS, WRF e ETA. Estes modelos foram integrados operacionalmente no Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (CPTEC). O período de avaliação foi de 1 de junho a 31 de agosto de 2016, sendo que o domínio utilizado foi a região da América do Sul. A resolução horizontal dos modelos é de 5 km e a temporal é de 6 horas. As condições iniciais e de contorno foram obtidas do Global Forecast System (GFS) do National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), com resolução horizontal de 0,25°. Os modelos foram inicializados apenas com a análise das 1200 UTC. Os modelos foram integrados com a versão não-hidrostática, sendo que o WRF utilizou a parametrização cumulus de Kain-Frisch, o ETA a parametrização culumus de Betts-Miller e o BRAMS Grell e Freitas. Em geral, os três modelos subestimam K’ nas latitudes médias, principalmente sobre os oceanos, porém o ETA é o que menos subestima e o WRF o que tem o maior viés negativo. Com relação aos termos de conversão baroclínica e barotrópica, além do termo de convergência do fluxo ageostrófico, os três modelos apresentam um padrão semelhante aos das análises numéricas do GFS.

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the terms of the eddy kinetic energy (K’) equation in the 24 h and 48 h forecasts of the regional models BRAMS, WRF and ETA. These models were operationally integrated at the Weather Forecast and Climate Studies Center (CPTEC). The evaluation period was from June 1 to August 31, 2016 and the domain was the region of South America. The horizontal resolution of the three models is 5 km and the temporal is 6 h. The initial and boundary conditions were obtained from the Global Forecast System (GFS) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), with a horizontal resolution of 0.25°. The models were initialized only with the analysis of 1200 UTC. The non-hydrostatic version of the three models was run, with WRF using Kain-Frisch cumulus parameterization, ETA Betts-Miller culumus parameterization and BRAMS Grell and Freitas. In general, the three models underestimate K‘ in mid-latitudes, mainly over the oceans, however, ETA is the one that underestimates the least and WRF the most. Regarding the terms of baroclinic and barotropic conversion, in addition to the term of ageostrophic flow convergence, the three models have a similar pattern of these three terms with that of GFS numerical analysis.

This review aims to investigate the different levels of vitamin D and its role in muscle strength in healthy children and non-athletes. A search conducted in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Psycinfo) resulted in 655 articles, which were systematically analyzed and selected based on the following criteria: (a) original cross-sectional studies and clinical trials; (b) healthy children aged 5-11 years; (c) no language restriction or year of publication; and (d) studies that assessed the possible relationship between vitamin D levels and muscle strength. Six studies were included because they met all the inclusion criteria. According to the findings of this review, factors such as sex, skin color, and vitamin D supplementation early in life modulate the levels of vitamin D in the body, and there is a relationship between muscle strength and vitamin D levels. Interestingly, vitamin D supplementation is not always significantly associated with increased muscle grip strength. However, there is a scarcity of studies that aim to analyze the possible effects of different levels of vitamin D on muscle function and neuromuscular variables in physically inactive children and non-athletes without previously diagnosed disease. Further studies are warranted in the future to address the gap in the literature.

Abstract Due to the reduction of the jaguar population, the formation of somatic cell cryobanks represents an interesting tool for its conservation. Nevertheless, the success of these cryobanks depends on the cryoprotectants used in cryopreservation. We evaluated the effects of the intracellular cryoprotectants (10% dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO; 10% ethylene glycol, EG) in the absence or presence of an extracellular cryoprotectant (0.2 M sucrose, SUC) on the morphology, confluence, viability, and metabolism of somatic cells derived from five jaguars belonging to Brazilian zoos. The morphology was presented in a descriptive manner, while the confluence, viability and metabolic activity were presented as means and compared using statistical tests. Non-cryopreserved cells were used as control and compared to frozen/thawed cells using cryoprotectants. No difference was observed for the morphology and confluence among non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved cells, regardless of the cryoprotectants. Only cryopreserved cells in EG (45.8%±12.9) had a reduction in their viability when compared to non-cryopreserved cells (97.8%±1.1). Only cryopreserved cells in DMSO with SUC (76.0%±2.7) or absence of SUC (77.0%±3.7) maintained their metabolic activity after thawing, when compared to non-cryopreserved cells (100.0%±6.7). Therefore, combinations of DMSO in the absence and presence of SUC were efficient in the cryopreservation of somatic cells of jaguars.

RESUMO A fabricação de queijo coalho artesanal elaborado com leite de cabra é composta pelas etapas de obtenção do leite, refrigeração, manipulação e armazenamento, que aumentam o risco de contaminação do produto. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o nível de contaminação por Staphylococcus aureus em amostras de queijo coalho artesanal produzido com leite de cabra cru no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, bem como avaliar a concordância entre a técnica oficial da Instrução Normativa nº62/2003 (Mapa) e a técnica molecular (gene nuc) para identificar S. aureus no queijo. Houve crescimento de colônias típicas de Staphylococcus aureus em 100% das amostras, e a contagem variou de 7,0×103 a 8,6×106 UFC/g. Das 30 amostras analisadas, 18 (60,0%) apresentaram valores superiores ou iguais a 105UFC/g, e 21 (70,0%) estavam contaminadas por S. aureus. A concordância entre os métodos de diagnóstico de S. aureus em queijo coalho caprino foi moderada. O nível de contaminação dos queijos revela a necessidade de ações de melhoria das condições de elaboração do produto, a fim de garantir um produto seguro aos consumidores.

ABSTRACT The manufacture of artisanal Coalho cheese made from goat's milk is composed of the steps of obtaining milk, refrigeration, handling and storage that increase the risk of product contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of contamination by Staphylococcus aureus in samples of artisanal Coalho cheese produced with raw goat's milk in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. In addition to evaluating the agreement between the official technique of Normative Instruction nº62/2003 (MAPA) and the molecular technique (nuc gene) to identify S. aureus in cheese. There was growth of typical Staphylococcus aureus colonies in 100% of the samples and the count ranged from 7.0×103 to 8.6×106 CFU/g. Of the 30 analyzed samples, 18 (60.0%) presented values greater than or equal to 105CFU/g and 21 (70.0%) were contaminated by S. aureus. The agreement between the diagnostic methods of S. aureus in goat cheese was moderate. The level of contamination of cheeses reveals the need for actions to improve the preparation conditions of the product in order to guarantee a safe product to consumers.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as reações tissulares desencadeadas pela tela de polipropileno revestida com o filme de quitosana e polietilenoglicol e verificar se ela é capaz de prevenir a formação de aderências peritoneais. Um defeito na parede abdominal dos ratos foi realizado, e as telas de polipropileno revestidas com quitosana/polietilenoglicol (grupo CPEG, n= 12) e sem revestimento (grupo controle PP, n= 12) foram implantadas. No quarto e no 45º dia pós-operatório, avaliou-se a formação de aderências e a reação tecidual ao biomaterial por análise histológica e histoquímica. A área (P= 0,01) e a severidade (P= 0,002) da aderência peritoneal foram significativamente menores no grupo CPEG no 45º dia. No quarto dia, observou-se que a reação do corpo estranho foi menor no grupo CPEG (P= 0,018), e a produção de fibras de colágeno mais intensa (P= 0,041). As reações tissulares causadas pelos biomateriais implantados foram semelhantes no 45º dia, com exceção da melhor organização das fibras colágenas no grupo CPEG. As telas CPEG não impediram completamente a formação de aderências, porém minimizaram a gravidade do processo. A reação de corpo estranho promovida por telas de polipropileno revestidas com CPEG é menos intensa do que a desencadeada por telas de polipropileno não revestidas.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize the tissue reactions triggered by the polypropylene mesh coated with chitosan and polyethylene glycol film, and if it’s able to prevent the formation of peritoneal adhesions. Defects in the abdominal wall of rats were induced and polypropylene meshes coated with chitosan/polyethylene glycol (CPEG group, n= 12) and uncoated (PP control group, n= 12) were implanted. On the fourth and forty-fifth postoperative day the formation of adhesion and the tissue reaction to the biomaterial was evaluated through histological and histochemical analysis. The area (P= 0.01) and severity (P= 0.002) of the adhesion was significatively less in the CPEG group. On the fourth day the foreign body reaction was less intense in CPEG group (P= 0.018) and the production of collagen fibers was more intense in this group (P= 0.041). The tissue reactions caused by the biomaterials were similar on the 45th day, with the exception of the high organization of collagen fibers in the CPEG group. The CPEG meshes did not fully prevent the formation of adhesions, but minimized the severity of the process. The foreign body reaction promoted by polypropylene meshes coated with CPEG is less intense than that triggered by uncoated polypropylene meshes.

RESUMO Na medicina veterinária, a terapia celular ainda é inexplorada e há muitas perguntas não respondidas, o que leva os pesquisadores a uma tendência a estender a terapia para os seres humanos, na tentativa de tratar certas lesões. Investigar esse assunto em primatas não humanos revela-se uma oportunidade sem precedentes para compreender melhor a dinâmica das células-tronco contra algumas doenças. Assim, objetivou-se comparar a eficiência das células mononucleares de medula óssea (BMMCs) e das células-tronco mesenquimais (MSCs) do tecido adiposo de Chlorocebus aetiops na lesão óssea induzida. Foram utilizados 10 animais, adultos do sexo masculino, submetidos à lesão óssea nas cristas ilíacas. As MSCs foram isoladas e cultivadas; de forma autóloga, as BMMCs foram infundidas na crista ilíaca direita e as MSCs de tecido adiposo na crista ilíaca esquerda. Após 4,8 meses, a crista ilíaca direita foi totalmente reconstruída, enquanto a crista ilíaca esquerda continuou apresentando defeito ósseo evidente por até 5,8 meses após a infusão. A melhor opção para o tratamento de lesões com perda de tecido ósseo em primatas do Velho Mundo é a utilização de MSCs autólogas de tecido adiposo, sugerindo que se podem estender os resultados para seres humanos, uma vez que há proximidade filogenética entre as espécies.

ABSTRACT In veterinary medicine, the cell therapy is still unexplored and there are many unanswered questions that researchers tend to extrapolate to humans in an attempt to treat certain injuries. Investigating this subject in nonhuman primates turns out to be an unparalleled opportunity to better understand the dynamics of stem cells against some diseases. Thus, we aimed to compare the efficiency of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adipose tissue of Chlorocebus aethiops in induced bone injury. Ten animals were used, male adults subjected, to bone injury the iliac crests. The MSCs were isolated by and cultured. In an autologous manner, the BMMCs were infused in the right iliac crest, and MSCs from adipose tissue in the left iliac crest. After 4.8 months, the right iliac crests fully reconstructed, while left iliac crest continued to have obvious bone defects for up to 5.8 months after cell infusion. The best option for treatment of injuries with bone tissue loss in old world primates is to use autologous MSCs from adipose tissue, suggesting we can extrapolate the results to humans, since there is phylogenetic proximity between species.