Abstract Introduction The exposure of medical students to a full-time schedule that includes classes, extracurricular activities, patients’ lives responsibility, and great competition between classmates can interfere in emotional issues and in the sleep time. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sleep quality, and the incidence of anxiety and depression in medical school undergraduates as well as the relationship of these parameters with the intense use of technologies. Methods Fifty-five medical school undergraduates in their second year participated in the present study, answering questionnaires to evaluate sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index - PSQI), night-time use of technology (sleep time-related information and communication technology - STRICT), and signs of anxiety or depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale - HADS). Results The results showed 31 students (56.4%) with poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). Based on the STRICT questionnaire, 36 (65.4%) of the participants referred to making use of technology at night-time; and 34 (61.8%) students had compatible anxiety score, while 14 (25.4%) had a compatible score for depression on the HADS questionnaire. There has been a correlation between poor sleep quality, the abuse of technologies before sleep time, and the presence of anxiety or depression. Conclusion The abuse of technology before sleep time reduced the sleep quality in the studied population, besides increasing the symptoms of anxiety and depression.

ABSTRACT Entomofauna associated with decaying cadavers may be useful in criminal investigation, either through the development of immature insects of interest or through entomological succession in corpses. These factors may vary if the insects are exposed to toxic substances that can modify the insect's developmental cycle, as well as its own occurrence, which would imply significant changes in the results of any investigation. However, there are few studies on how contamination by toxic compounds can affect the action of insects on carcasses and their consequence for forensic expertise. Therefore, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that the normal visitation of flies and beetles is altered in insecticide-contaminated carcasses. The experiment was carried out in a sugarcane plantation, using pig carcasses contaminated with insecticide and the same number of carcasses without any type of contamination as a control. In all experiments, the contaminated carcasses reached the final phase of decomposition in a longer time than the uncontaminated carcasses of the control group. A total of 2.767 specimens were collected and identified, 2.103 individuals from the order Diptera and 664 from the order Coleoptera. There was a significant geometric regression adjustment during the decomposition phases only for the control group, different from the contaminated carcasses in which this pattern did not occur. Results show that contamination by insecticide alters decomposition time and phase, altering the action of flies and beetles, affecting the abundance, composition of species as well as their activities, which can alter the data used by experts in criminal experts.

Abstract The geoenvironmental study through the integration of natural elements with the use and land cover is a methodological proposal for strategic planning. In this sense, the objective of this article is to perform an analysis of geoenvironmental susceptibility from the use of multicriteria in the watershed of Ribeirão Lajeado. For this, the organization of cartographic materials was carried out, such as the drainage network, slope, lithology, soils, land use and cover and access routes, where normalized weights were established from the technique of the Hierarchical Analytical Process (AHP). This crossing generated the geoenvironmental susceptibility map, defined in four units, namely: I) low (flat top area with vegetation cover and no proximity to the access roads); II) medium (places with some human occupations or with wavy smooth relief); III) high (areas with wide occurrence of roads and abundant drainage network, susceptible to anthropic intervention, mainly related to agricultural activities and urban areas) and IV) very high (places with roads and portions of agricultural use with slopes greater than 15%, presence of fire scars and urban areas. Thus, the AHP technique presents itself as an important tool for geoenvironmental, especially in defining weights for the factors analyzed.

Resumo O estudo geoambiental através da integração dos elementos naturais com o uso e a cobertura da terra é uma proposta metodológica para o planejamento estratégico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma análise da susceptibilidade geoambiental, a partir do uso de análise multicritério, na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Lajeado. Para isso, realizou-se a organização de materiais cartográficos: rede de drenagem, a declividade, a litologia, os solos, o uso e a cobertura da terra e as vias de acesso. Foram estabelecidos pesos normalizados a partir da técnica do processo analítico hierárquico (AHP). Esse cruzamento gerou o mapa de susceptibilidade geoambiental, definida em quatro unidades, a saber: I) baixa (área de topo plano com cobertura vegetal e nenhuma proximidade com as vias acessos); II) média (locais com algumas ocupações humanas ou com relevo suave ondulado); III) alta (áreas onde apresentam ampla ocorrência de estradas e rede de drenagem abundante, susceptíveis à intervenção antrópica, relacionadas principalmente as atividades agropecuária e áreas urbanas) e IV) muito alta (locais com estradas e porções de uso agropecuário com declividades maiores que 15%, presença de cicatrizes de fogo e áreas urbanas. Assim, a técnica AHP apresenta-se como uma importante ferramenta para o geoambiental, principalmente na definição de pesos para os fatores analisados.

Abstract The objective of this work was to verify the correlations between carbon isotopic composition and traits of superior rice genotypes. Twenty genotypes were analyzed for morphology, micromorphology, anatomy, physiological performance, and carbon fingerprint. The plots consisted of 500 L plastic boxes sowed with rice, to allow of a plant density of 300 plants per square meter. Plant anatomy and physiological performance were evaluated using a microscope and an infrared gas analyzer, respectively. There is a correlation between rice water use efficiency (r = 0.45) and carboxylation efficiency (r = 0.39).

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as correlações entre a composição isotópica de carbono e as características de genótipos superiores de arroz. Vinte genótipos foram analisados quanto à morfologia, à micromorfologia, à anatomia, ao desempenho fisiológico e à composição isotópica de carbono. As parcelas consistiram em caixas de plástico de 500 L com arroz semeado, para permitir a densidade de 300 plantas por metro quadrado. A anatomia e o desempenho fisiológico das plantas foram avaliados em microscópio e com analisador de gases por infravermelho, respectivamente. Há correlação entre a eficiência do uso da água do arroz (r = 0,45) e a eficiência da carboxilação (r= 0,39).

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la evidencia de validez de la versión reducida adaptada al portugués brasileño del Traumatic Grief Inventory (Inventario de Duelo Traumático), mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio y la relación con variables externas, además de evaluar la precisión y presencia de invarianza. El primer paso fue la adaptación y evaluación por jueces expertos de la versión traducida. Después de la evaluación, se aplicó la versión piloto a cinco participantes de la población objetivo para la evaluación semántica y de contenido, denominándose Inventario de Luto Traumático (ILT-BR). Luego, 211 brasileños, que pasaron por un proceso de duelo, respondieron los siguientes instrumentos: Cuestionario Sociodemográfico, Cuestionario de Autopercepción de Salud Mental e ILT-BR. El ILT-BR mostró buenos índices de ajuste y precisión, correlacionándose positivamente con el estrés, el miedo y los pensamientos obsesivos, sin encontrar variación entre grupos. A partir de estos resultados, se concluye que el ILT-BR posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para su uso en Brasil.

Abstract: The aim of the this study was to verify the evidence of validity of the reduced version adapted for Brazilian Portuguese of the Traumatic Grief Inventory, through confirmatory factor analysis and relationship with external variables, in addition to assessing the reliability and presence of invariance. The first step consisted of the adaptation and evaluation by expert judges of the translated version. After the evaluation, the pilot version was answered by five participants of the target population, for semantic and content evaluation, being named, in Brazil, as the Inventário de Luto Traumático (ILT-BR). Then, 211 Brazilians, who went through a grieving process, answered the following instruments: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Mental Health Self-Perception Questionnaire, and ILT-BR. The ILT-BR presented good fit indexes and reliability, positively correlated with stress, fear, and obsessive thoughts, with no invariance found. From these results, we concluded that the ILT-BR is suitable for use in Brazil.

Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar as evidências de validade da versão reduzida adaptada para o português do Brasil do Traumatic Grief Inventory, por meio de uma análise fatorial confirmatória e relação com variáveis externas, além de aferir a precisão e presença de invariância. A primeira etapa consistiu na adaptação e avaliação por juízes especialistas da versão traduzida. Após a avaliação, a versão piloto foi aplicada em cinco participantes da população-alvo para avaliação semântica e de conteúdo, sendo nomeado de Inventário de Luto Traumático (ILT-BR). Em seguida, 211 brasileiros, que passaram por um processo de luto, responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Questionário de Autopercepção de Saúde Mental e ILT-BR. O ILT-BR apresentou bons índices de ajuste e precisão, se correlacionando positivamente com estresse, medo e pensamentos obsessivos, sem variação entre grupos. A partir destes resultados, conclui-se que há evidências de que o ILT-BR apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas.

Sustainable analytical methods are highly demanded in the modern society. Within the green principles, novel procedures that attend the sustainable development goals have been proposed and the internet of things (IoT) can play key role to achieve this goal. The association of IoT with analytical chemistry enables the real-time obtaining of analytical data to control industrial processes as well as for monitoring different environmental scenarios and human health by accessing remotely analytical information. In this context, this review presents the main IoT technologies used for analytical chemistry as well as a tutorial for beginners in the field.

RESUMO Informações sobre o impacto dos herbicidas no solo baseado no crescimento de espécies bioindicadoras são extremamente úteis no desenvolvimento de estratégias de gerenciamento de culturas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial de lixiviação do S-metolachlor em precipitações pluviométricas naturais em um Latossolo (Oxisol) de textura média, através do uso de plantas bioindicadoras. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 × 8 [três índices de precipitação ocorrida no ambiente antes da coleta das amostras (50, 91 e 131 mm) e oito profundidades no perfil do solo (0-0,03; 0,03-0,06; 0,06-0,09; 0,09-0,12; 0,12-0,15; 0,15-0,20; 0,20-0,25; 0,25-0,30 m)]. Colunas de PVC foram introduzidas mantendo a integridade original do solo durante a amostragem, após o acúmulo de precipitação natural estipulado. As colunas foram separadas por seção longitudinal para a semeadura das espécies bioindicadoras (pepino, alface, capim-marmelada e sorgo). Os sintomas de fitotoxicidade nas plantas bioindicadoras foram avaliados adotando-se a escala visual de fitotoxicidade entre 0 e 100%, aos 5, 7, 9 e 11 dias após a semeadura. As respostas das espécies bioindicadoras ao efeito residual do S-metolachlor foram variáveis e dependeram da precipitação. Em um Latossolo de textura média, as maiores concentrações de S-metolachlor ocorrem em profundidades que variam entre 0 e 0,06 m. A profundidade máxima de lixiviação detectada foi de 0,12-0,15 m com 131 mm de precipitação. Por apresentar sintomas de fitotoxicidade em maiores profundidades, o pepino foi a espécie mais sensível à presença de S-metolachlor em Latossolo de textura média.

ABSTRACT Information about the impact of herbicides in the soil based on the growth of bioindicator species is extremely useful in developing crop management strategies. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the leaching potential of the herbicide S-metolachlor under different natural precipitations in medium-textured Oxisol using bioindicator plants. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted, with four replicates and treatments arranged in a 3 × 8 factorial scheme [three indexes of precipitation occurred in the environment before the collection of the samples (50, 91, and 131 mm) and eight depths in the soil profile (0-0.03; 0.03-0.06; 0.06-0.09; 0.09-0.12; 0.12-0.15; 0.15-0.20; 0.20-0.25; 0.25-0.30 m)]. PVC columns were used, maintaining the original soil integrity during sampling after accumulating the stipulated natural precipitation. Longitudinal sections separated the columns to sow the bioindicator species (cucumber, lettuce, Alexander grass, and sorghum). The phytotoxicity symptoms of bioindicator plants were evaluated, adopting a phytotoxicity visual scale between 0 and 100%, at 5, 7, 9, and 11 days after seeding. The responses of the bioindicator species to the residual effect of the herbicide S-metolachlor were variable and depended on the rainfall level. Generally, in a medium-textured Oxisol, the higher values of concentration of S-metolachlor occurs in depths ranging between 0 and 0.06 m. The maximum leaching depth detected was 0.12-0.15 m with 131 mm of precipitation. Cucumber was the most sensitive species to the presence of S-metolachlor in an Oxisol of medium-texture since it presents symptoms of phytotoxicity at higher depths.

RESUMO A presença de plantas daninhas como consequência da degradação de pastagens é um dos principais problemas da pecuária em todo o mundo. Assim, o conhecimento dos aspectos de interferência e do período apropriado para o manejo dessas espécies é essencial para a decisão de aplicar uma determinada medida de controle. Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar a interferência de plantas daninhas sobre os componentes morfoestruturais e na qualidade nutricional do capim Marandu em condições de renovação ou manutenção de pastagem. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por oito períodos crescentes de convivência entre o capim Marandu e as plantas daninhas (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, e 120 dias). A caracterização da gramínea forrageira foi realizada ao final do período de condução do experimento, que correspondeu a 120 dias de convivência, obtendo os principais componentes morfoestruturais e nutricionais da forragem. As plantas daninhas interferem na qualidade morfoestrutural e nutricional de áreas de pastagem com capim Marandu que passam pelo processo de renovação ou manutenção. A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica do capim Marandu é negativamente influenciada pela presença de plantas daninhas, sugerindo que medidas de controle em áreas de renovação ou manutenção de pastagens devem ser adotadas até 24 e 18 dias de convivência em comum, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT The presence of weeds as a consequence of pasture degradation is one of the main problems facing livestock worldwide. Thus, knowing the interference aspects and the appropriate time for weed management is essential for applying a particular control measure. This research aimed to study the weed interference on the morphostructural and nutritional quality of the Marandu palisade grass in conditions of renewal or maintenance of pasture. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design, with four replicates and treatments consisted of eight growth periods of coexistence between Marandu palisade grass and weeds (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 days). Forage grass was characterized at the end of the experimental period, corresponding to 120 days of coexistence, and the main morphostructural and nutritional components were determined. Under the renewal or maintenance process, the weeds interfere in the morphostructural and nutritional quality of pasture areas with Marandu palisade grass. In vitro organic matter digestibility of Marandu palisade grass is negatively influenced by weeds, suggesting that control measures for renewal or maintenance areas should be adopted within 24 and 18 days of coexistence, respectively.

Resumo Caso para ensino focado no dilema em torno da escolha do modelo de comunicação para a gestão da crise causada pela COVID-19, tendo em vista a necessidade e iminência de se manter um fluxo de comunicação ágil, transparente e eficaz em uma das maiores fábricas do segmento de pescados enlatados da América Latina, situada no Brasil. A história da GDC Alimentos completou 65 anos em 2019, à época a empresa possuía três unidades em Santa Catarina, Itajaí, com um negócio sólido e forte presença de mercado, mas que não estava imune ao poder devastador da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Um vírus que mudou globalmente as convicções e percepções sobre saúde pública e que em poucos meses impactou drasticamente na rotina das pessoas e das organizações. O caso possibilita a análise do cenário e identificação de alternativas para o direcionamento da empresa, bem como o fortalecimento da relação entre a liderança e os funcionários diante de incertezas e instabilidade ocasionadas pela crise. Propõe-se que o caso seja aplicado para cursos de graduação e pós-graduação nas áreas de Administração e Comunicação, em disciplinas como Gestão Empresarial, Gestão de Pessoas e Liderança Organizacional.

Abstract This teaching case is focused on the dilemma of which communication model to adopt for managing the crisis caused by COVID-19, given the need and imminence of maintaining an agile, transparent, and effective communication flow in one of the largest industrial factories in the segment of canned fish from Latin America, in Brazil. The history of GDC Alimentos completed 65 years in 2019, and it had three units in Santa Catarina - Itajaí. It is a solid business with a strong market presence, but one that was not immune to the devastating power of the COVID-19 pandemic. This virus has globally changed beliefs and perceptions about public health and, in a few months, has drastically impacted the routine of people and organizations. The case enables the analysis of the scenario and identification of alternatives for the direction of the company, and the strengthening of the relationship between the leadership and employees in the face of uncertainties and instability caused by the crisis. It is proposed that the case be applied to undergraduate and graduate courses in the area of administration and communication, in disciplines such as Business Management, People Management and Organizational Leadership.

Resumen Este caso de enseñanza se centra en el dilema de qué modelo de comunicación adoptar para gestionar la crisis provocada por la COVID-19, dada la necesidad e inminencia de mantener un flujo de comunicación ágil, transparente y eficaz en una de las mayores fábricas de conservas de pescado de América Latina, en Brasil. GDC Alimentos, que cumplió 65 años en 2019, tenía tres unidades en Itajaí, Santa Catarina. Un negocio sólido con una fuerte presencia en el mercado, pero que no fue inmune al poder devastador de la pandemia del nuevo coronavirus. Un virus que ha cambiado globalmente las convicciones y percepciones sobre la salud pública y que, en pocos meses, ha impactado drásticamente la rutina de personas y organizaciones. El caso permite analizar el escenario e identificar alternativas para la dirección de la empresa, así como fortalecer las relaciones entre el liderazgo y los empleados ante la incertidumbre e inestabilidad provocadas por la crisis. Se propone que el caso se aplique a cursos de grado y posgrado en el área de administración y comunicación, en disciplinas como Gestión Empresarial, Gestión de Personas y Liderazgo Organizacional.

ABSTRACT This prospective study describes the use of Gene-Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in children and adolescents, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Eighteen patients were studied; the final diagnosis of EPTB was established in 13 (72%). Gene-Xpert Ultra results showed detection in 10/13 (77%) of EPTB cases (7 of these 10 with trace-positive results). Gene-Xpert Ultra proved to be a promising method for the diagnosis of childhood EPTB.

ABSTRACT Corpses in Brazil are commonly hidden in sugarcane plantations in the attempt to delay their finding and hinder the solution of the crime. On the other hand, these plantations are regularly sprayed with insecticides for pest control. Until now no study has reported the effects of insecticides on ant fauna. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that if a body hidden in a monoculture is accidentally contaminated by an insecticide, both the carcass decomposition pattern and the Formicidae fauna will be affected. To accomplish this, pig carcasses contaminated and non-contaminated were placed in a sugarcane monoculture environment and subsequently examined for data collection every 24 hours. The concentration used to contaminate the carcasses was 20 grams per liter of thiamethoxam. The decomposition patterns of contaminated carcasses were changed, in turn affecting the behavior of Formicidae fauna. A total of 5318 ants were collected, 3397 in contaminated carcasses and 1919 in non-contaminated carcasses, and 30 species of 11 genera were identified. According to the analysis, there are no differences between the composition of species between contaminated and non-contaminated carcasses, however, a significant difference was observed in the composition of species along the stages of decomposition between the two types of carcasses. Therefore, our hypothesis has been confirmed, contaminated carcasses undergo changes in their normal pattern of decomposition and the fauna of ants that act on them. As this group of insects has great importance for forensic sciences, the analysis of the experts should take these results into account.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of increasing periods of coexistence of weed plants with Urochloa ruziziensis on the canopy structure and productivity of a pasture already established with this forage species. The experiment was a randomized blocks design with four replications, and treatments consisted of seven increasing periods of coexistence of forage grass with weed plants: 0 (control), 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after regrowth (DAR). The main morpho-structural and productive characteristics of the forage plants were determined at the end of the experimental period (90 DAR). The ratio of the first green leaf height to the tiller height increases, while the leaf to stem ratio diminishes as the period of interaction with the infesting community increases. The number of green leaves per tiller and the tiller height diminishes as the period of coexistence with weed plants increases. The presence of weed plants interferes negatively with all parameters of the grass canopy structure and productivity of a grazing land already established with Urochloa ruziziensis, suggesting that measures of control of the infesting community should be adopted up to 17 days of regrowth of the forage plant.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de complicações intradialíticas em pacientes com injúria renal aguda (IRA) na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e seus fatores associados; verificar quais foram as condutas profissionais imediatas adotadas pela equipe. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado na UTI de um hospital universitário e público, localizado na região sul do Brasil. Foram incluídos neste estudo todos os pacientes internados na UTI com diagnóstico médico de IRA dialítica entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2016. Realizou-se coleta de dados contidos em prontuários. Considerou-se como estatisticamente significativo p-valor < 0,05. Resultados Foram incluídos 76 pacientes, sendo a maioria com idade entre 41 e 65 anos (n= 44; 57,9%). Todos realizaram hemodiálise intermitente. Do total de pacientes, 71 (93,4%) apresentaram complicações durante a hemodiálise, sendo hipotensão intradialítica a complicação mais prevalente, acometendo 51 (71,8%) pacientes. A conduta profissional imediata mais frequente para a referida complicação foi instalação e/ou controle da infusão do medicamento vasoativo (100% dos casos). Idade, ventilação mecânica, IRA relacionada à sepse, número e tempo de duração (horas) das sessões dialíticas, bem como o momento de início da diálise foram significativamente associados à frequência das complicações intradialíticas. Conclusão Os pacientes apresentaram alta prevalência de complicações intradialíticas, sendo que as condutas profissionais imediatas mais frequentes objetivaram reverter hipotensão intradialítica e foram realizadas majoritariamente pela equipe de enfermagem. Os fatores associados às complicações estiveram relacionados à gravidade dos pacientes no início da diálise.

Abstract Objective To identify the prevalence of intradialytic complications in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and their associated factors and verify what were the immediate professional behaviors adopted by the team. Methods This is a quantitative retrospective study, carried out in the ICU of a university and public hospital, located in southern Brazil. All patients admitted to an ICU with a medical diagnosis of dialysis AKI between January 2011 and December 2016 were included in this study. Data were collected from medical records. A statistical difference with a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 76 patients were included, the majority aged between 41 and 65 years (n=44; 57.9%). All underwent intermittent hemodialysis. Of the total number of patients, 71 (93.4%) had complications during hemodialysis, with intradialytic hypotension being the most prevalent complication, affecting 51 (71.8%) patients. The most frequent immediate professional conduct for this complication was installation and/or control of vasoactive drug infusion (100% of cases). Age, mechanical ventilation, sepsis-related AKI, number and duration (hours) of dialysis sessions, as well as the time of starting dialysis were significantly associated with the frequency of intradialytic complications. Conclusion Patients had a high prevalence of intradialytic complications, and the most frequent immediate professional procedures aimed at reversing intradialytic hypotension and were performed mainly by the nursing team. Factors associated with complications were related to the severity of patients at the beginning of dialysis.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar la prevalencia de complicaciones intradialíticas en pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y sus factores asociados; verificar qué conductas profesionales inmediatas fueron adoptadas por el equipo. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en la UCI de un hospital universitario y público, ubicado en la región sur de Brasil. Se incluyeron en este estudio todos los pacientes ingresados a la UCI con diagnóstico médico de IRA dialítica entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2016. Se realizó la recopilación de datos de los prontuarios. Considerados estadísticamente significante p-valor < 0,05. Resultados Se incluyeron 76 pacientes, en su mayoría con edades entre 41 y 65 años (n= 44; 57,9 %). Todos realizaron hemodiálisis intermitente. Del total de pacientes, 71 (93,4 %) presentaron complicaciones durante la hemodiálisis, con hipotensión intradialítica como la complicación más prevalente, acometiendo a 51 (71,8 %) pacientes. La conducta profesional inmediata más frecuente para la referida complicación fue la instalación o el control de la infusión del medicamento vasoactivo (100 % de los casos). Edad, ventilación mecánica, IRA relacionada a la sepsis, número y tiempo de duración (horas) de las sesiones dialíticas, así como el momento de inicio de la diálisis estuvieron significativamente asociados con la frecuencia de las complicaciones intradialíticas. Conclusión Los pacientes presentaron alta prevalencia de complicaciones intradialíticas y las conductas profesionales inmediatas más frecuentes tuvieron el objetivo de revertir la hipotensión intradialítica y se realizaron mayoritariamente por el equipo de enfermería. Los factores asociados a las complicaciones se relacionaron con la gravedad de los pacientes al inicio de la diálisis.

ABSTRACT The presence of weeds in silvicultural systems has been considered one of the main obstacles to the success of projects designed to recover degraded areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied at post-emergence in the initial growth of seedlings of capixingui (Croton floribundus), açoita-cavalo (Luehea divaricata), and guaritá (Astronium graveolens), in the municipalities of Jaboticabal and Junqueirópolis, state of São Paulo. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications, and the treatments consisted of herbicides (g a.i.·ha–1) clethodim + phenoxaprop-p-ethyl (50 + 50), sethoxydim (184), quizalofop-p-ethyl (75), nicosulfuron (50), fluazifop-p-butyl (125), fomesafen (225), haloxyfop-methyl (48), bentazon (720), chlorimuron-ethyl (15), in addition to control without herbicide. The characteristics analyzed were: plant height increase and visual phytointoxication at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after herbicide application. At the end of the experiment, the shoots of the plants were removed to assess shoot dry matter. The herbicides clethodim + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fluazifop-p-butyl, and quizalofop-p-ethyl showed selective potential for the species capixingui, açoita-cavalo, and guaritá. The herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl caused mild intoxication symptoms when applied to seedlings of capixingui and açoita-cavalo; also, it was not selective for the guaritá species grown in Jaboticabal. All species showed selectivity to the herbicides sethoxydim, fomesafen, haloxyfop-methyl, and nicosulfuron, as their growth and initial development were not influenced. The herbicide bentazon caused high percentages of injury to açoita-cavalo plants in both cultivation places, but it did not influence the growth and development of the species.

RESUMO Introdução: Alterações na taxa de desenvolvimento de torque (TDT) e arquitetura muscular causadas pela fadiga são temas pouco investigados. Esta pesquisa avaliou o efeito da fadiga na TDT e arquitetura muscular do vasto lateral (VL). Métodos: Dezessete voluntários (25,5 ± 6,2 anos; 177,2 ± 12,9 cm; 76,4 ± 13,1 kg) realizaram avaliação isocinética de extensão do joelho em 30º/s para obtenção do pico de torque (PT-ISK) antes e após uma série de contrações voluntárias isométricas máximas (CVIM) intermitentes (15 reps - 3 s contração, 3 s intervalo) utilizadas para causar fadiga muscular, monitoradas pela frequência mediana (FMD) da eletromiografia do VL, reto femoral e vasto medial. Antes e após o protocolo de fadiga, imagens de ultrassonografia do VL foram obtidas para mensuração da espessura muscular, comprimento de fascículo e ângulo do fascículo. O pico de torque isométrico (PT-ISM) e TDTs em janelas de 50 ms foram calculados para cada CVIM. As TDTs foram calculadas em valores absolutos e normalizadas pelo PT-ISM. Resultados: A fadiga foi confirmada devido a reduções significativas da FMD dos três músculos. Após a fadiga, o PT-ISK foi reduzido de 239,0 ± 47,91 para 177,3 ± 34,96 Nm, e o PT-CVIM de 269,5 ± 45,63 para 220,49 ± 46,94 Nm. Todos os valores de TDT absolutos apresentaram-se significativamente diferentes após o protocolo de fadiga. Contudo, as TDTs normalizadas não demonstraram diferença significativa. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na arquitetura muscular do VL. Conclusões: A redução da capacidade explosiva ocorreu de maneira concomitante com a redução da força máxima evidenciada pela falta de alterações na TDT normalizada. Nível de Evidência III.

ABSTRACT Introduction: There has been little research on changes in rate of torque development (RTD) and muscle architecture. This study evaluated the effect of fatigue on RTD and muscle architecture of the vastus lateralis (VL). Methods: Seventeen volunteers (25.5 ± 6.2 years; 177.2 ± 12.9 cm; 76.4 ± 13.1 kg) underwent isokinetic knee extension assessment at 30°/s to obtain the peak torque (PT-ISK), before and after a set of intermittent maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) (15 reps – 3 s contraction, 3 s rest) used to promote muscle fatigue, monitored by the median frequency (MDF) of the electromyography from the VL, rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles. Before and after the fatigue protocol, ultrasound images of the VL were obtained to measure muscle thickness (MT), fascicle length (FL), and fascicle angle (FA). The peak isometric torque (PT-ISM) and the RTDs in 50 ms windows were calculated for each MVIC. The RTDs were reported as absolute values and normalized by the PT-ISM. Results: Fatigue was confirmed due to significant reductions in MDF in all three muscles. After the fatigue protocol, the PT-ISK was reduced from 239.0±47.91 to 177.3±34.96 Nm, and the PT-MVIC was reduced from 269.5±45.63 to 220.49±46.94 Nm. All the RTD absolute values presented significant change after the fatigue protocol. However, the normalized RTD did not demonstrate any significant differences. No significant differences were found in the muscle architecture of the VL. Conclusions: The reduction in explosive strength occurred concomitantly with the reduction in maximum strength, as evidenced by the lack of changes in normalized TDT. Level of Evidence III.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los cambios en la tasa de desarrollo del torque (TDT) y la arquitectura muscular causada por la fatiga son temas poco investigados. Esta investigación evaluó el efecto de la fatiga en la TDT y la arquitectura muscular del vasto lateral (VL). Métodos: 17 voluntarios (25.5 ± 6.2 años; 177.2 ± 12.9 cm; 76.4 ± 13.1 kg) se sometieron a una evaluación isocinética de la extensión de la rodilla a 30º/s para obtener el pico de torque (PT-ISK), antes y después de una serie de contracciones voluntarias máximas intermitentes (CVIM) (15 repeticiones - contracción 3 s, intervalo 3 s) utilizadas para causar fatiga muscular, monitoreadas por la frecuencia media (FMD) de la electromiografía VL, recto femoral y vasta medial. Antes y después del protocolo de fatiga, se obtuvieron imágenes de ultrasonido VL para medir el grosor muscular, la longitud del fascículo y el ángulo del fascículo. Se calculó el par isométrico máximo (PT-ISM) y las TDT en ventanas de 50 ms para cada CVIM. Las DTT se calcularon en valores absolutos y se normalizaron mediante PT-ISM. Resultados: la fatiga se confirmó por reducciones significativas en la fiebre aftosa de los tres músculos. Después de la fatiga, el PT-ISK se redujo de 239.0 ± 47.91 a 177.3 ± 34.96 Nm, y el PT-CVIM de 269.5 ± 45.63 a 220.49 ± 46.94 Nm. Todos los valores absolutos de TDT fueron significativamente diferentes después del protocolo de fatiga. Sin embargo, las TDT normalizadas no mostraron diferencias significativas. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la arquitectura muscular de la LV. Conclusiones: La reducción en la capacidad explosiva ocurrió simultáneamente con la reducción en la fuerza máxima, evidenciada por la falta de cambios en la TDT normalizada. Nível de evidencia III.