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ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the antibiotic profile of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of patients with community urine tract infections (UTI) admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sao Carlos to support an appropriate local empirical treatment. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to October 2020. Data from 1,528 positive urine cultures for bacterial pathogens and antibiograms were tabulated. Bacterial species prevalence and their resistance profile were analyzed and compared by sex and age. For Gram-negative fermenting bacteria, resistance rates were compared between patients with previous hospitalization and the total of infections caused by this group. For comparisons, the Chi-square test was performed, using Fisher’s exact test when necessary (BioEstat program, adopting p ≤ 0.05). A multivariate analysis was applied to assess the effect of the studied variables in predicting multidrug resistance. Infections were more prevalent in women and older adults. Gram-negative bacteria represented 90.44% of total cultures. In both sexes, E. coli prevalence was significantly higher in adults compared with older adults (p < 0.0001). For several antibiotics, resistance rates were higher in the older adults compared with other ages and in patients with Gram-negative fermenting infections and previous hospitalization compared with the total of infections by this group of bacteria. The closer to the hospitalization, the higher the number of antibiotics with superior resistance rates. Resistance rates for aminoglycosides, carbapenems, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, piperacillin+tazobactam, and fosfomycin were less than 20%, considered adequate for empirical treatment. Only hospitalization in the previous 90 days was statistically significant in predicting infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202466003

Characterization of Flavonoids Profiles in Polar Extracts from Croton grewioides Baill. Using Ultra-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Baill UltraHigh Ultra High
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Nascimento, Pedro E. S. do

; Prado, Vilma M. J.

; Jesus, Raphael A. de

; Silva, Wenes R. da

; Wisniewski Jr., Alberto

; Sá Filho, José C. F.

; Blank, Arie F.

; Souza, Daniel A. de

; Wartha, Elma R. S. A.

; Nogueira, Paulo C. L.

; Moraes, Valéria R. S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Jul 2023, Volumen 34 Nº 7 Paginas 937 - 948

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Research to identify plant bioactive compounds led to the evolution of extraction methods. This study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to extract the flavonoids of Croton grewioides Baill. species contributing to characterize the polar extract profile and understand the antioxidant potential of these plant constituents. The use of experimental design and statistical treatments enabled the determination of the ideal conditions for each technique. The extracts of five accessions of C. grewioides were obtained under the optimized extraction conditions and were analyzed using ultra high-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-Orbitrap MS) operating at negative ionization mode for flavonoids detection. The accurate experimental mass obtained to the main compounds was used to attribute the molecular formula. Chemical structures of the main compounds detected were proposed using structure data bases. Chemometric analysis were performed with two FT-Orbitrap MS spectra samples using the identified metabolites and, the antioxidant activity data, showing that for this species the MAE was most effective in extracting the antioxidant compounds. It was possible to propose the structures for forty compounds in the C. grewioides extracts, demonstrating the excellent performance of the FT-Orbitrap MS in providing information on the chemical profile of polar compounds in plant extracts. methods ultrasoundassisted ultrasound assisted UAE (UAE microwaveassisted microwave (MAE Baill constituents technique C highresolution high resolution FTOrbitrap FT Orbitrap detection formula bases

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230004

Emotional, hyperactivity and inattention problems in adolescents with immunocompromising chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Campos, Reinan T.

; Lindoso, Livia

; Sousa, Renan A. de

; Helito, Alberto C.

; Ihara, Bianca P.

; Strabelli, Claudia A.A.

; Paradelas, Levi M.V.

; Carneiro, Beatriz O.L.

; Cardoso, Maria Paula R.

; Souza, Jean Paulo V. de

; Freire, Marianna R. de M.

; Astley, Camilla

; Laurentino, Moisés F.

; Buscatti, Izabel M.

; Kozu, Katia

; Aikawa, Nadia E.

; Sallum, Adriana M.E.

; Ferreira, Juliana CO.

; Simon, Juliana R.

; Viana, Vivianne S.L.

; Queiroz, Ligia B.

; Gualano, Bruno

; Roschel, Hamilton

; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.

; Toma, Ricardo K.

; Watanabe, Andréia

; Grangeiro, Patricia M.

; Casella, Caio B.

; Farhat, Sylvia C.

; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.

; Campos, Lucia Maria A.

; Silva, Clovis A.

Clinics

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2023, Volumen 78 elocation 100167

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective: To assess factors associated with emotional changes and Hyperactivity/Inattention (HI) motivated by COVID-19 quarantine in adolescents with immunocompromising diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 343 adolescents with immunocompromising diseases and 108 healthy adolescents. Online questionnaires were answered including socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and validated surveys: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0). Results: The frequencies of abnormal emotional SDQ scores from adolescents with chronic diseases were similar to those of healthy subjects (110/343 [32%] vs. 38/108 [35%], p = 0.548), as well as abnormal hyperactivity/inattention SDQ scores (79/343 [23%] vs. 29/108 [27%], p = 0.417). Logistic regression analysis of independent variables associated with abnormal emotional scores from adolescents with chronic diseases showed: female sex (Odds Ratio [OR = 3.76]; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 2.00–7.05; p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (OR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.08–3.88; p = 0.028) and intrafamilial violence during pandemic (OR = 2.17; 95% CI 1.12–4.19; p = 0.021) as independently associated with abnormal emotional scores, whereas total PedsQL score was inversely associated with abnormal emotional scores (OR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.93–0.96; p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis associated with abnormal HI scores from patients evidenced that total PedsQL score (OR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–0.99; p = 0.010], changes in medical appointments during the pandemic (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.19–0.79; p = 0.021), and reliable COVID-19 information (OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.16–0.77; p = 0.026) remained inversely associated with abnormal HI scores. Conclusion: The present study showed emotional and HI disturbances in adolescents with chronic immunosuppressive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reinforces the need to promptly implement a longitudinal program to protect the mental health of adolescents with and without chronic illnesses during future pandemics.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100167

Relaxation of thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery rings of marmosets (Callithrix spp.) by endothelium-derived 6-nitrodopamine
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Britto-Júnior, J.

; Lima, A.T.

; Santos-Xavier, J.S.

; Gonzalez, P.

; Mónica, F.Z.

; Campos, R.

; Souza, V.B. de

; Schenka, A.A.

; Antunes, E.

; Nucci, G. De

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2023, Volumen 56 elocation e12622

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

6-Nitrodopamine is a novel catecholamine released by vascular tissues, heart, and vas deferens. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 6-nitrodopamine is released from the thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery rings of marmosets (Callithrix spp.) and to evaluate the relaxing and anti-contractile actions of this catecholamine. Release of 6-nitrodopamine, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline was assessed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The relaxations induced by 6-nitrodopamine and by the selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist L-741,626 were evaluated on U-46619 (3 nM)-pre-contracted vessels. The effects of 6-nitrodopamine and L-741,626 on the contractions induced by electric-field stimulation (EFS), dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline were also investigated. Both aorta and pulmonary artery rings exhibited endothelium-dependent release of 6-nitrodopamine, which was significantly reduced by the NO synthesis inhibitor L-NAME. Addition of 6-nitrodopamine or L-741,626 caused concentration-dependent relaxations of both vascular tissues, which were almost abolished by endothelium removal, whereas L-NAME and the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ had no effect on 6-nitrodopamine-induced relaxations. Additionally, pre-incubation with 6-nitrodopamine antagonized the dopamine-induced contractions, without affecting the noradrenaline- and adrenaline-induced contractions. Pre-incubation with L-741,626 antagonized the contractions induced by all catecholamines. The EFS-induced contractions were significantly increased by L-NAME, but unaffected by ODQ. Immunohistochemical assays showed no immunostaining of the neural tissue markers S-100 and calretinin in either vascular tissue. The results indicated that 6-nitrodopamine is the major catecholamine released by marmoset vascular tissues, and it acts as a potent and selective antagonist of dopamine D2-like receptors. 6-nitrodopamine release may be the major mechanism by which NO causes vasodilatation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2023e12622

Temporal dynamics of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) during flowering in indeterminate soybean (Glycine max)
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SOUZA, ELLEN P.

; DEGRANDE, PAULO E.

; BARBOSA, VINICIUS O.

; ALVES JUNIOR, VALTER V.

; MALAQUIAS, JOSE B.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volumen 95 Nº 4 elocation e20191214

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Soybean varieties with indeterminate growth habit are widely used in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and are characterized by not having well-defined phenological stages. Due to the importance of bee conservation, studies on the frequency and time of visitation in indeterminate soybean are needed. Samples were collected in a 4-ha plot of soybeans not treated with insecticides. Sampling was carried out at random spots, throughout the flowering period, starting at 08h:00min, during 15 min/hour, successively until 16h:00min. Generalized Linear Models were generated and the Poisson regression model provided the best fit, reflecting the significant differences revealed by the deviance analysis. The association between bees and climatic variables was tested with the Spearman’s correlation. The temporal pattern of bee visitation was independently influenced by flowering period and time of day. However climatic variables did not influence significantly bee visitation rate. In the first days of flowering, bees were more abundant, especially between 10h and 15h. These results have practical implications in the maintenance of this species during soybean management practices, contributing to a balanced coexistence between beekeepers and soybean growers, by avoiding applications of phytosanitary products during the periods of high bee visitation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320191214

Using of relatedness and heritability in a Eucalyptus benthamii trial for conservation and breeding
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Souza, Bruno Marchetti de

; Abreu, Lucas Moura de

; Pappas, Marilia de Castro Rodrigues

; Azevedo, Vânia

; Santos, Paulo Eduardo Telles dos

; Sousa, Valderes Aparecida de

; Santos, Rodrigo Furtado dos

; Lopes, Maria Teresa Gomes

; Aguiar, Ananda Virginia

Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

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2023, Volumen 23 Nº 4 elocation e46452348

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract We evaluated the genetic diversity, coancestry and heritability of an E. benthamii trial. The 115 individuals were genotyped (13 SSR) and had their height and diameter at breast height (dbh) measured. Heritability was estimated using the RR-BLUP and the pairwise kinship coefficient method. An average of nine alleles per locus was observed. The expected heterozygosity (0.655) was similar to the observed heterozygosity, with the estimated inbreeding (0.02) being low. The group coancestry (0.051) demonstrates that the trees are related to some degree. The trees were clustered in five groups using the Evanno’s method. The average kinship within each group ranges from 0.042 to 0.082. The heritability estimated by RR-BLUP was low. The heritability estimated using the kinship coefficients is moderate, reaching estimated genetic gains of 14% for dbh. After knowing how genetic groups are distributed within the population, strategies for collecting, conserving, and using these germplasm resources can be performed.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332023v23n4a43

Identification of Eimeria spp. in domestic chickens raised in alternative poultry production systems in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
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Soares Júnior, José Carlos

; Itoyama, Bruno Ferraz

; Beretta, Bruna Matarucco Sampaio

; Hossotani, Camila Michele de Souza

; Silva, Maria Santa Cardoso

; Silva, Giane Serafim da

; Nakamura, Alex Akira

; Lopes, Flávia Lombardi

; Meireles, Marcelo Vasconcelos

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2023, Volumen 32 Nº 4 elocation e011123

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify Eimeria spp. in alternative poultry production systems (APPS) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Fecal samples (168) and DNA extracted from fecal samples obtained in APPS located in different Municipalities in the State of São Paulo (93) were examined by microscopy or genera-specific PCR (ITS-1 locus). Samples positive for Eimeria spp. were examined using Eimeria lata, Eimeria nagambie, and Eimeria zaria species-specific PCR protocols (ITS-2 locus) and another E. lata-specific PCR (candidate IMP1 genomic locus) followed by molecular cloning (E. lata and E. zaria ITS-2 amplicons) and genetic sequencing. All positive DNA samples were also submitted to genera-specific nested PCR (18S rRNA gene) followed by next-generation sequencing to identify Eimeria spp. Eimeria nagambie, E. zaria, and Eimeria sp. were identified by ITS2-targeted species-specific PCRs and genetic sequencing. Next-generation sequencing identified, in order of prevalence: E. nagambie; Eimeria acervulina; Eimeria mivati; Eimeria praecox; Eimeria brunetti; Eimeria mitis; Eimeria sp.; Eimeria maxima; E. zaria, and Eimeria necatrix/tenella. Our results confirmed, for the first time in Brazil, the identification of E. nagambie, E. zaria, and Eimeria spp. ITS-2 and 18S rRNA gene sequences not yet described in Brazil.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar Eimeria spp. em galinhas domésticas criadas em sistemas de criação alternativos (SCA). Foram utilizadas 93 amostras de DNA e 168 amostras de fezes de galinhas provenientes de SCA, localizados em 17 municípios do estado de São Paulo. As amostras foram examinadas por microscopia ou PCR gênero-específica (locus ITS-1); aquelas positivas foram examinadas por PCRs espécie-específicas para Eimeria lata, Eimeria nagambie e Eimeria zaria (locus ITS-2), seguidas de clonagem (E. lata e E. zaria) e sequenciamento genético, e por outro protocolo de PCR específico para E. lata (locus IMP1). Adicionalmente, as mesmas amostras foram submetidas à nested PCR gênero-específica (gene 18S rRNA), seguida de sequenciamento de nova geração para identificação de Eimeria spp. Eimeria nagambie, E. zaria e Eimeria sp. foram identificadas pela PCR espécie-específica e sequenciamento genético. O sequenciamento de nova geração identificou, em ordem de prevalência: E. nagambie, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria mivati, Eimeria praecox, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria sp., Eimeria maxima, E. zaria e Eimeria necatrix/tenella. Os resultados observados confirmaram, pela primeira vez no Brasil, a identificação de E. nagambie, E. zaria e de sequências de Eimeria spp. ainda não descritas no Brasil, referentes aos genes ITS-2 e 18S rRNA.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612023075

Evaluation of biochemical and electrolytic components of semen from ram supplemented with different concentrations of selenium and its correlation with sperm quality
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Silva, D.C.

; Codognoto, V.M.

; Piagentini, M.

; Dantas, A.

; Sousa, G.C.

; Silva, L.S.

; Souza, E.R.

; Almeida Filho, R.A.

; Denadai, R.

; Oba, E.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Dic 2022, Volumen 74 Nº 6 Paginas 1065 - 1071

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a suplementação com diferentes níveis de selênio (Se) pode alterar os componentes bioquímicos e eletrolíticos do sêmen, ocasionando, por conseguinte, uma melhoria na qualidade seminal em carneiros. Foram utilizados 30 animais, mantidos em sistema intensivo de baias, alimentados com feno e ração comercial, sendo alocados em cinco grupos (seis animais/baia) e suplementados com uma mistura mineral contendo 0mg (G1), 5mg (G2), 10mg (G3), 15mg (G4) e 20mg (G5) de Se/kg. Cada grupo recebeu um tratamento diferente a cada 56 dias, e foi realizado um rodízio de tratamentos entre os grupos seguindo uma sequência dinâmica. Amostras de sêmen foram colhidas por eletroejaculação após o fim de cada tratamento, a fim de se avaliarem os níveis de frutose, ácido cítrico, potássio (K), sódio (Na), cálcio (Ca), Se, zinco (Zn), manganês (Mn), enxofre (S) e chumbo (Pb). O desenho estatístico foi um quadrado latino 5x5. Os diferentes níveis de suplementação de Se avaliados mantiveram as concentrações de eletrólitos e de minerais do sêmen nos níveis exigidos e não modificaram a qualidade espermática, concluindo-se que maiores ingestões de Se não causam efeitos antagônicos na absorção e subsequente ação de outros minerais essenciais fornecidos aos animais e ainda mantêm o equilíbrio eletrolítico.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate whether supplementation with different levels of selenium (Se) can change the biochemical and electrolytic components of semen, causing an improvement in seminal quality in rams. Thirty animals were kept in an intensive pen system, fed with hay and commercial ration, allocated into five groups (six animals/pen) and supplemented with a mineral mixture containing 0mg (G1), 5mg (G2), 10mg (G3), 15mg (G4) and 20mg (G5) of Se/kg. Each group received a different treatment every 56 days and treatments were rotated between groups following a dynamic sequence. Semen samples were collected by electroejaculation after the end of each treatment to evaluate the levels of fructose, citric acid, potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), Se, zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), sulfur (S) and lead (Pb). The statistical design was a 5x5 Latin square. The different levels of Se supplementation evaluated maintained the concentrations of electrolytes and minerals in the semen at the required levels and did not change the sperm quality, concluding that higher intakes of Se do not cause antagonistic effects on the absorption and subsequent action of other essential minerals supplied to the animals and still maintains electrolyte balance.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12690

In silico evaluation of genomic characteristics of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius for application in fermentations
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BRITO, LEANDRO P. DE

; SANTOS, DAYANE S.

; FREITAS, NARA SUZY A. DE

; MEDEIROS, ROSÁLIA S. DE

; SOUZA, PAULO ROBERTO E. DE

; SOARES, MARIA TACIANA C.V.

; PORTO, ANA LÚCIA F.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volumen 94 elocation e20211447

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the in silico genomic characteristics of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius, isolated from Coalho cheese from Paraíba, Brazil, with a view to application in lactic fermentations. rRNA sequences from the 16S ribosomal region were used as input to GenBank, in the search for patterns that could reveal a non-pathogenic behavior of S. infantarius subsp. infantarius, comparing mobile genetic elements, antibiotic resistance genes, pan-genome analysis and multi-genome alignment among related species. S. infantarius subsp. infantarius CJ18 was the only complete genome reported by BLAST/NCBI with high similarity and after comparative genetics with complete genomes of Streptococcus agalactiae (SAG153, NJ1606) and Streptococcus thermophilus (ST106, CS18, IDCC2201, APC151) revealed that CJ18 showed a low number of transposases and integrases, infection by phage bacteria of the Streptococcus genus, absence of antibiotic resistance genes and presence of bacteriocin, folate and riboflavin producing genes. The genome alignment revealed that the collinear blocks of S. thermophilus ST106 and S. agalactiae SAG153 have inverted blocks when compared to the CJ18 genome due to gene positioning, insertions and deletions. Therefore, the strains of S. infantarius subsp. infantarius isolated from Coalho cheese from Paraíba showed genomic similarity with CJ18 and the mobility of genes analyzed in silico showed absence of pathogenicity throughout the genome of CJ18, indicating the potential of these strains for the dairy industry.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211447

10.

Valvuloplasty Without Prosthetic Ring or Band in Patients with Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation: Long-Term Results and Predictive Factors for Outcomes
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Kalil, Renato A. K.

; Belli, Karlyse C.

; Mattos, Mariana O. T. de

; Sffair, Rita de Cássia E.

; Santos, Sarah Ceolin Stein

; Fagundes, Vitória Recuero

; Abrahão, Rogério de Souza

; Albrecht, Álvaro Schmidt

; Sant'Anna, João Ricardo Michielin

; Prates, Paulo Roberto

; Nesralla, Ivo Abrahão

; Pivatto Júnior, Fernando

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

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Ago 2021, Volumen 36 Nº 4 Paginas 476 - 483

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction: Mitral valvuloplasty including ring/band support is widely performed despite potential drawbacks of rings. Unsupported valvuloplasty is performed in only a few centers. This study aimed to report long-term outcomes of patients undergoing unsupported valvuloplasty for degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) and to identify predictive factors for outcomes. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort including patients undergoing mitral valve repair for degenerative MR from 2000 to 2018. The main techniques were Wooler annuloplasty and quadrangular resection. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: One hundred fifty-eight patients were included (median age: 64.0 years). In-hospital mortality was 2.5%. Maximum follow-up was 19.6 years, with a median of 4.7 years (992 patient-years). Overall survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was 91.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.7-96.3), 87.6% (95% CI: 80.7-94.5), and 78.1% (95% CI: 65.9-90.3), respectively. The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II was an independent predictor of late death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42; P=0.016). Freedom from mitral reoperation at 5, 10, and 15 years was 88.1% (95% CI: 82.0-94.2), 82.4% (95% CI: 74.6-90.2), and 75.7% (95% CI: 64.1-87.3), respectively. Left atrial diameter > 56 mm was associated with late reintervention in univariate analysis (HR 1.06; P=0.049). Conclusion: Degenerative MR can be successfully treated with repair techniques without annular support, thus avoiding the technical and logistical drawbacks of ring/band implantation while maintaining good long-term results. EuroSCORE II was a risk factor for late death, and larger left atrium was associated with late reoperation.

https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0520

11.

Comparison between cattle manure, organic compost, and vermicompost in the production of Eucalyptus urograndis seedlings
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Eckhardt, Daniel Pazzini

; Santana, Natielo Almeida

; Souza, Eduardo Lorensi de

; Ferreira, Paulo Ademar Avelar

; Antoniolli, Zaida Inês

; Martin, Jorge Domínguez

; Jacques, Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti

Ciência Rural

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2021, Volumen 51 Nº 9 elocation e20200600

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Uma alternativa para destinar corretamente o esterco bovino é realizar a compostagem e/ou vermicompostagem e depois adicioná-lo ao solo como fonte de nutrientes às plantas. Porém, este resíduo tem sido utilizado na produção de mudas sem tratamento. O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o uso de esterco bovino in natura, de composto orgânico e de vermicomposto, produzidos a partir do esterco bovino, em substratos para a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus urograndis. Os tratamentos constituíram-se dos substratos formulados pela mistura dos fertilizantes orgânicos com areia lavada nas porcentagens de 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 (v/v), em comparação com um substrato comercial (SC). As mudas de Eucalyptus urograndis foram cultivadas em tubetes, em casa de vegetação, e avaliadas aos 120 dias quanto a massa seca da parte aérea e raiz, altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, relação parte aérea/raiz e índice de qualidade de Dickson. O substrato formulado pela mistura de 80% (v/v) de esterco bovino in natura com areia lavada proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de eucalipto. O substrato contendo 100% de vermicomposto de esterco bovino ou composto orgânico produziu mudas com qualidade inferior ao esterco bovino in natura, mas superior ao substrato comercial. Devido aos riscos à saúde associados ao uso de esterco bovino não tratado, o composto orgânico e o vermicomposto são boas alternativas para a produção de mudas de E. urograndis.

ABSTRACT: Composting and vermicomposting before addition to the soil is a viable alternative to the disposal of cattle manure. However, this residue has been used in the untreated form for seedling production. This study evaluated the use of cattle manure in natura, and the organic composted or vermicomposted variants of cattle manure on substrates used in the production of Eucalyptus urograndis seedlings. The treatments consisted of substrates formulated by mixing the organic fertilizers with washed sand in 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 (v/v) percentages, compared to a commercial substrate. The E. urograndis seedlings were grown in tubes in a greenhouse and evaluated after 120 days for shoot and root dry weights, plant height, stem diameter, shoot/root ratio, and Dickson quality index. The substrate formulated from a mixture of 80% (v/v) of cattle manure in natura and washed sand allows for better development in Eucalyptus seedlings. Substrate containing 100% bovine manure vermicompost or organic compost produced seedlings with lower quality than in natura bovine manure but superior to the commercial substrate. Due to the health risks associated with use of untreated bovine manure, organic compost and vermicompost are good alternatives for the production of E. urograndis seedlings.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200600 257 descargas

12.

Temporal variation and spatial distribution of the pest insect Edessa meditabunda in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as an alternative host plant
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Silva, Rafael Azevedo da

; Degrande, Paulo Eduardo

; Pereira, Matheus Dalla Cort

; Souza, Ellen Patrícia de

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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2021, Volumen 65 Nº 3 elocation e20210029

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Cotton is an alternative host for Edessa meditabunda (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), especially after the soybean harvest in surrounding areas, when large numbers of insects invade cotton fields and damage reproductive structures such as flowers and developing bolls. However, no studies on its occurrence and spatial distribution have been conducted in cotton. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the temporal variation and spatial distribution of E. meditabunda in the alternative host plant, Gossypium hirsutum. The study was carried out in an area of 1.1 ha planted with cotton that was divided in 64 plots of 169 m2 each, where entire cotton plants were examined weekly and E. meditabunda nymphs and adults were counted. Dispersion rates and theoretical frequency distributions were calculated and analyzed with significance level at 5%. Assessments were carried out from seedling emergence until the appearance of bolls, but E. meditabunda was present only during the reproductive stage of cotton plants. This study detected the dispersal of this stink bug from late-cycle soybean fields to cotton, indicating cotton’s potential as an alternative host plant, providing shelter and food. Based on aggregation indices, the spatial distribution of nymphs and adults in cotton was aggregated at the beginning of the infestation, but tended toward randomness as bolls reached maturity. The occurrence of E. meditabunda in cotton was best described by the Poisson distribution with significance level at 5%.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0029 129 descargas

13.

Lymphocyte proliferative responses in dairy cows supplemented with an immunomodulatory feed additive and administered polyvalent vaccination
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Souza, F.N.

; Leiva, T.

; Rodrigues, R.O.

; Gandin Júnior, J.R.

; Drago, E.

; Gomes, R.C.

; Santos, K.R.

; Blagitz, M.G.

; Della Libera, A.M.M.P.

; Vasconcelos, J.L.M.

; Heinemann, M.B.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Dic 2020, Volumen 72 Nº 6 Paginas 2397 - 2401

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O presente estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação com OmniGen-AF® na proliferação de linfócitos e títulos de anticorpos após vacinação em bovinos leiteiros. Amostras de sangue periférico foram coletadas de 32 vacas leiteiras para quantificação dos títulos de anticorpos anti-Leptospira, e amostras de sangue periférico de 16 vacas leiteiras foram também coletadas para avaliação da proliferação de linfócitos. Observou-se que a suplementação com OmniGen-AF® aumentou a proliferação basal de linfócitos (sem estímulos) 21 dias após a vacinação (P=0,03), apesar de reduzir a proliferação de linfócitos B quando estimulada com Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo inativada pelo calor (P=0,03). Ademais, nenhum efeito da suplementação sobre a proliferação de linfócitos no momento imediatamente anterior à vacinação e nos títulos de anticorpos anti-Leptospira foi encontrado. Além disso, a proliferação de linfócitos estimulada com lipopolissacarídeos foi maior em vacas multíparas que em primíparas 21 dias após a vacinação (P=0,03). Desse modo, o presente estudo demonstra que a suplementação com OmniGen-AF® não afetou de forma robusta a proliferação de linfócitos e os títulos de anticorpos anti-Leptospira após vacinação em vacas leiteiras sadias.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11191 540 descargas

14.

‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated at different population densities in a mechanizable arrangement
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Fonseca, Varley A.

; Costa, Luzinaldo C.

; Silva, João A. da

; Donato, Sérgio L. R.

; Donato, Paulo E. R.

; Souza, Evilasio dos S.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Nov 2020, Volumen 24 Nº 11 Paginas 769 - 775

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A palma forrageira é uma cultura adaptada às condições climáticas do semiárido brasileiro, por isso tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico desta região. Objetivou-se avaliar a resposta da palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ cultivada em diferentes densidades populacionais em arranjo mecanizável. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com seis densidades populacionais: 22.857; 34.286; 51.428; 62.857; 80.000 e 95.000 plantas ha-1 e quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: altura da planta, número de cladódios, comprimento, largura e índice de área do cladódio, produção de massa verde e seca, extração/exportação de nutrientes e as características químicas do solo. O aumento da densidade populacional em arranjo mecanizável diminui o número de cladódios e aumenta o índice de área do cladódio. A máxima produção de massa verde e seca da palma cultivada em arranjo que permite a mecanização é estimada quando se utiliza respectivamente a população de 69.111,79 e 64.445,91 plantas ha-1. Valores máximos de extração/exportação de nutrientes em tecido de palma são estimados em densidades populacionais intermediárias (62.721,52-74.741,93 plantas ha-1). A acidez potencial do solo apresenta valor máximo com 64.525,51 plantas ha-1.

ABSTRACT Cactus pear is a crop adapted to the climatic conditions of the Brazilian semiarid region, so it has contributed to the socioeconomic development of this region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated at different population densities in a mechanizable arrangement. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with six population densities: 22,857; 34,286; 51,428; 62,857; 80,000 and 95,000 plants ha-1 and four repetitions. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, number of cladodes, cladode length, cladode width and cladode area index, green and dry matter yields, extraction/export of nutrients and soil chemical characteristics. Increase in population density in a mechanizable arrangement decreases the number of cladodes and increases the cladode area index. The maximum green and dry matter yield of cactus pear cultivated in arrangement that allows mechanization is expected with populations of 69,111.79 and 64,445.91 plants ha-1, respectively. Maximum values of extraction/export of nutrients in cactus pear tissue are expected at intermediate population densities (62,721.52-74,741.93 plants ha-1). Soil potential acidity has maximum value with 64,525.51 plants ha-1.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n11p769-775 409 descargas

15.

Chemical Prospection of Qualea grandiflora Mart. Fruit and Stem Extracts and Their in vitro and in vivo Antiplasmodial Activity
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Gonçalves Neto, Geraldo S.

; Costa, Romário P. da

; Zanini, Camila L.

; Aguiar, Anna Caroline C.

; Souza, Juliana O. de

; Souza, Guilherme E. de

; Severino, Richele P.

; Cass, Quezia B.

; Cruz, Fábio C.

; Oliva, Glaucius

; Guido, Rafael V. C.

; Sousa, Lorena R. F. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Jul 2020, Volumen 31 Nº 7 Paginas 1475 - 1484

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Qualea grandiflora Mart. (“pau-terra”) is a medicinal plant symbolic from Cerrado biome. Qualea species reportedly have antiparasitic properties, but their active compounds have yet to be identified. In this study, we investigated the antiplasmodial activity of Q. grandiflora fruit and stem extracts against Plasmodium falciparum. The polar extracts of both fruits and stems showed promising in vitro antiplasmodial activity against sensitive and resistant P. falciparum strains (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 1.2 and 4.2 ng mL-1, respectively), low cytotoxicity against human hepatic cells (IC50HepG2 ≥ 400 ng mL-1), and a noteworthy selectivity index (SI ≥ 322 and ≥ 96, respectively). The fruit ethanolic extract revealed significant oral efficacy at 100 mg kg-1 in a mouse model of P. berghei malaria (100% reduction in parasitemia on day 5 post-infection). To investigate the chemical composition of the extracts, we developed a method involving liquid chromatography-high resolution quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer. The chemical profiling of active extracts indicated 32 compounds, including gallotannins, ellagic acid derivatives and flavonoids. The common component in the active polar extracts was found to be ellagic acid (EA), which may contribute favorably to the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity observed in this study.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200034 253 descargas

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