Objetivou-se, com este estudo, evidenciar os sinais clínicos e laboratoriais desta enfermidade para auxiliar na caracterização da doença de forma natural na área semi-árida da região nordeste. Foram avaliados 10 cães positivos para Trypanosoma cruzi, identificados mediante análises sorológicas de reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) e enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); análise molecular pela Reação em Cadeia Polimerase (PCR), microscopia direta e hemocultura. Os cães chagásicos foram submetidos à avaliação física, verificação da pressão arterial, exames eletrocardiográficos, radiográficos, hematológicos (eritrograma e leucograma) e bioquímicos (ureia, creatinina, ALT, AST, PT, albumina, globulina, CK, CK-MB e cTnI). O exame físico e os valores das pressões arteriais dos cães apresentaram dentro dos parâmetros de normalidade, enquanto que na eletrocardiografia observou-se FC normal com ritmo sinusal, com exceção de um cão, que apresentou taquicardia sinusal (168 bat/min). No ECG de oito cães houve aumento da duração de P (47±6,5ms) sugestivo de aumento atrial, não confirmado radiograficamente. Foi observado supradesnivelamento do segmento ST em um cão. Nos resultados hematológicos constatou-se trombocitopenia (187,4x10³ ±137,2x10³) e anemia (5,0x10(6) ±1,39x10(6)/uL). Os valores médios da hemoglobina (11±2,7g/dL) e do hematócrito (34±10,5%) estavam abaixo dos limites de normalidade. A série branca apresentou-se dentro dos limites de normalidade, com exceção da eosinofilia observada em três cães. Individualmente, registrou-se em dois cães, leucocitose, linfocitose e neutrofilia. Na avaliação bioquímica, registrou-se hiperproteinemia (7,2±0,9g/dL), hipoalbuminemia (2,2±0,4g/dL), hiperglobulinemia (5,1±1,0g/dL) e aumento da CK (196±171U/L). Não houve alteração nas enzimas ALT e AST. A isoenzima CK-MB e o cTnI alteraram somente em três cães. Os cães infectados naturalmente no semiárido nordestino apresentam características relacionáveis à forma crônica indeterminada, ou seja, cães assintomáticos. A identificação dos cães infectados naturalmente sem características patognomônicas da doença de Chagas ressalta a importância desta enfermidade no processo diagnóstico com as demais que manifestam perfis inespecíficos associados ou não às doenças cardiovasculares.

This study aimed to evidence the clinical and laboratorial signs of this disease to help characterize this illness in a natural way in the semiarid in the northeastern region. We evaluated 10 positive for Trypanosoma cruzi dogs, that were identified by serological analysis of immunofluorescence assay (RIFI) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct microscopy and blood culture. The chagasic dogs underwent physical examination, electrocardiographic, radiographic, blood pressure, hematology (erythrocyte and leukocyte count) and biochemical exams (urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, PT, albumin, globulin, CK, CK-MB, and cTnl). The physical examination and the blood pressure were presented within the normal range, while in the electrocardiography the FC was observed as normal with a sinus rhythm, with the exception of one dog that presented a sinus tachycardia (168 bat/min). In the ECG of eight dogs there was increase of duration of P (47±6.5ms) suggestive to atrial enlargement, not confirmed in the radiography. A supraunlevelling was observed in the ST segment in one dog. In the hematological results, thrombocytopenia (187.4x10³ ±137.2x10³) and anemia (5.0x10(6) ±1.39x10(6)/ul) were noted. The mean hemoglobin (11 ±2.7g/dL), hematocrit (34±10.5%) were below normal limits. The white series were within normal variation, with the exception of eosinophilia observed in three dogs. Individually, there were two dogs which registered leukocytosis, lymphocytosis and neutrophilia. In the biochemical evaluation there was hyperproteinemia PT=7.2 ±0.9g/dL, hypoalbuminemia (2.2±0.4g/dL), hyperglobulinemia (5.1±1.0g/dL), increased of CK (196+171 U/L) and there was no alteration on ALT and AST enzymes. The CK-MB isoenzymes and cTnI did not change, except in three dogs. We conclude that dogs naturally infected in the northeastern semiarid present characteristics related to indeterminate chronic form (asymptomatic dogs) and that the identification of the naturally infected dogs with no pathognomonic characteristics of the Chagas disease underscores the importance of this illness in the diagnostic process with the other profiles that show nonspecific or not associated to cardiovascular disease.

Use of clays as catalyzers in heterogeneous processes has increased significantly given their low cost, safety and commercial availability. However, interconnected political, economic, social, environmental, geological, and chemical aspects should be considered for chemical processes to satisfy sustainable development concepts. This concept requires complex thinking involving different areas of knowledge in dialogue, contrasting with classical thought, which is linear and Cartesian. Thus, this paper discusses the principles of complex thought in the concept of sustainable development exemplified by use of clay as a clean technology in organic synthesis.

N-halosaccharins proved to be useful and alternative reagents for diverse organic transformations, such as halogenation of aromatic compounds, benzylic and alpha-carbonylic positions, cohalogenation of alkenes, oxidation of secondary alcohols, etc. Their preparation from saccharin, a cheap and readly available starting material, is simple.

N-Cloro e N-bromo-sacarinas reagem com compostos aromáticos ricos em elétrons (anisol, acetanilida, N,N-dimetilanilina) para fornecer os produtos de halogenação do anel. As reações com a N-bromo-sacarina fornecem somente os produtos com substituição na posição para, enquanto que a utilização de N-cloro-sacarina gera mistura de produtos orto e para, com predominância do isômero para (ca. 4-5 : 1). Já as reações das halo-sacarinas com alquenos (cicloexeno, estireno, a-metilestireno e 1-hexeno) em acetona aquosa fornecem as respectivas haloidrinas.

N-Chloro- and N-bromosaccharins react with electron rich aromatic compounds (anisole, acetanilide, N,N-dimethylaniline) producing halogenated compounds. The reaction with N-bromosaccharin gives para- substituted compounds only, whereas N-chlorosaccharin produces orto and para mixtures (para isomer predominantly, ca. 4-5 : 1). The reactions of the N-halosaccharins with alkenes (cyclohexene, styrene, a-methylstyrene, and 1-hexene) give the corresponding halohydrins.