A therapeutic intervention in 30 patients with motor deficit (hemiplegia/hemiparesis), surviving to ischemic ictus, irrigated by the mean cerebral artery with perceptive disorders (sensorial or atentional negligence or anosognosia), assisted in the Rehabilitation Department of “Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso” Teaching General Hospital, was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from January to November, 2016, aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the rehabilitative treatment. The sample was divided in 2 groups of 15 members each: those of the control group received conventional treatment; those of the study group, conventional treatment and occupational therapy associated with cognitive rehabilitation. They were considered sociodemographic parameters, of clinical and functional valuation, as well as of global functional recovery. Heminegligence was the most frequent perceptive disorder (63.4%) and the study group showed a better functional recovery (93.3%) when concluding the treatment, reason why the effectiveness of the conventional rehabilitation integrated to cognitive techniques and occupational therapy was demonstrated

Se realizó una intervención terapéutica en 30 pacientes con déficit motor (hemiplejía/ hemiparesia), sobrevivientes a ictus isquémico, irrigado por la arteria cerebral media con alteraciones perceptivas (negligencia sensorial, atencional o anosognosia), atendidos en el Departamento de Rehabilitación del Hospital General Docente “Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso”, de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta noviembre del 2016, con vistas a evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento rehabilitador. La muestra fue dividida en 2 grupos de 15 integrantes cada uno: los del grupo control recibieron tratamiento convencional; los del grupo de estudio, tratamiento convencional y terapia ocupacional asociada a rehabilitación cognitiva. Se consideraron parámetros sociodemográficos, de valoración clínica y funcional, así como de recuperación funcional global. La heminegligencia resultó ser la alteración perceptiva más frecuente (63,4 %) y al finalizar el tratamiento el grupo de estudio mostró una mejor recuperación funcional (93,3 %), por lo cual quedó demostrada la eficacia de la rehabilitación convencional integrada a técnicas cognitivas y terapia ocupacional

Streptococcus pneumoniae es uno de los principales patógenos causantes de infecciones respiratorias e invasivas, por lo que es importante identificar rápidamente este microorganismo y determinar la susceptibilidad a los antibióticos frecuentemente utilizados, para la realización de terapias adecuadas. Con este fin se realizó la identificación de 32 aislamientos de Streptococcus pneumoniae, a partir de pacientes con infecciones respiratorias e invasivas; para su identificación se utilizaron métodos microbiológicos convencionales y como pruebas confirmatorias, métodos moleculares por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), amplificando regiones de los genes lyt A y ply y métodos serológicos para la determinación del antígeno capsular. Se realizaron antibiogramas para determinar la susceptibilidad a Penicilina y Eritromicina. Los resultados revelaron, un mayor número de aislamientos en menores de 10 años y en mayores de 49 años y en relación a épocas estacionales, de aislamientos un mayor número durante los meses de invierno. En las pruebas de susceptibilidad a los antibióticos se encontró una sensibilidad disminuida a Penicilina (SDP) de 46.88 %; resistencia a eritromicina de 6.25 % y resistencia intermedia de 15,63%. Realizando un análisis estadístico de los tres métodos como pruebas de reconfirmación, se observó una correlación baja, por lo que la prueba de la optoquina con fines de reconfirmación para Streptococcus pneumoniae, es inferior a las pruebas serológica y molecular.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the main pathogens that cause breathing and invasive infections, that is why is important a quick identification of this microorganism and determine the sensitivity of the frequently used antibiotics, to execute appropriate therapies. With this purpose the identification of 32 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from patients with breathing and invasive infections were carried out, conventional microbiological tests were applied for identification and for confirmation were used molecular techniques based on the chain reaction of polymerase (PCR), amplifying the regions of lyt A and ply genes and serological methods for the determination of the capsular antigen. Antibiograms were carried out in order to determinate the sensitivity to penicillin and erythromycin. The results showed a higher amount of isolates in children under 10 and adults over 49, and according to seasons, more isolates on winter months. Regarding sensitivity to antibiotics, we found a drop of 46.88% to penicillin, a drop of 6.25 to erythromycin and an intermediate drop of 15.63%. The statistical analysis among the three techniques used for reconfirmation revealed there is a low correlation among them. Therefore, optochin, used as a re-confirmation method, is lower than serological and molecular tests.

O estudo de quatro anos de duração (1987-1990) abarcou as principais características clínico-epidemiológicas de pneumonia em crianças, tal como foi diagnosticado no serviço de emergência do Hospital Infantil, e também as etiologias e fatores implicados nos casos mais severos. Determinou-se a etiologia em 47.7% dos 541 casos de pneumonia, que incluíam 283 patógenos, dos quais 38.6% eram virus e 12.6% bactérias. Observou-se etiologia viral e mista mais freqüentemente nas crianças de menos de 12 meses. A etiologia bacteriana prevaleceu nas idades entre 6 e 23 meses. Com relação aos virus, a predominância foi de RSV com prevalência de 66% do total de virus. Os mais importantes agentes bacterianos foram S. pneumoniae (64%) e H. influenzae (19%). O H. influenzae e as infecções mistas incidiram significativamente durante 1988 assinalando variações anuais na severidade das doenças. Observou-se correlação entre a gravidade dos casos e a alta porcentagem de diagnóstico etiológico: pacientes com ritmos respiratórios mais altos que 70rpm, derrame pleural ou com comprometimento extenso de parênquima pulmonar, apresentaram maior índice de positividade laboratorial. Reconheceu-se vários fatores de risco individuais e familiares ao comparar crianças com pneumonia com controles sadios.

The 4-year study (1987-1990) covered the major clinical-epidemiological characteristics of pneumonia in children as diagnosed at the emergency service of the Children's Hospital, as well as etiologies, and factors involved in the most severe cases. Etiology was determined in 47.7% of the 541 pneumonia cases, involving 283 pathogens of which 38.6% were viruses and 12.6% bacteria. Viral and mixed etiologies were more frequent in children under 12 months of age. Bacteria predominated in ages between 6 and 23 months. Among the viruses, respiratory syncytial virus predominated (66%). The bacterial pneumonias accounted for 12.2% of the recognized etiologies. The most important bacterial agents were S. pneumoniae (64%) and H. influenzae (19%). H. influenzae and mixed infections had a relevant participation during the 1988 season, pointing to annual variations in the relative participation of pathogens and its possible implication in severity of diseases. Correlation of severity and increased percentage of etiological diagnosis was assessed: patients with respiratory rates over 70 rpm, or pleural effusion and/or extensive pulmonary parenchyma compromise yielded higher positive laboratory results. Various individual and family risk factors were recognized when comparing pneumonia children with healthy controls.